Nitrogen budget for fertilized carrot cropping systems in a Quebec organic soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Caron ◽  
Guillaume Théroux Rancourt ◽  
Carl Bélec ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
Léon-Étienne Parent
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Budget ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N

Caron, J., Rancourt, G. T., Bélec, C., Tremblay, N. and Parent, L.-É. 2014. Nitrogen budget for fertilized carrot cropping systems in a Quebec organic soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 139–148. After reclamation, organic soils tend to shift from net N immobilization to net N mineralization. The N amounts mineralized annually can be sufficient to cover the N needs of the crop, reducing the need for supplemental N fertilization. The objective of this study was to assess N budgets and to infer the apparent N mineralization in fertilized and unfertilized carrot (Daucus carota L.) crops in an organic soil in southwestern Quebec. Five pre-plant N fertilization treatments (0, 25, 50, 75, and a split 25+25 kg N ha−1) were applied over a 3-yr period to non-irrigated carrots. Crop yield and plant and soil N contents were measured. Apparent net N mineralization was an important source of N, averaging 117 kg N ha−1yr−1. Crop yield was not affected by the N fertilization rate, by splitting of the fertilizer application or by the previous year’s crop. Increasing the N fertilizer rate increased the soil nitrate content below the root zone (∼40 cm below the surface), enhancing the risk of nitrate leaching. Thus, because soil N mineralization was sufficient for the carrots’ requirements in this organic soil, supplemental N fertilization was found to be unnecessary and could exacerbate the environmental risk of nitrate leaching.

SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION UNDER TREE CROPS AND A LEGUME COVER CROP IN MULTI-STRATA AGROFORESTRY IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SCHROTH ◽  
E. SALAZAR ◽  
J. P. DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Yield Responses

Under rainforest vegetation, the central Amazonian Ferralsols are characterized by relatively high availability of N in relation to other nutrients. After forest clearing, several tree crops also have not shown yield responses to N fertilizer. To elucidate the mechanisms of this apparent N sufficiency, the mineralization of soil N was measured under three tree crops and a leguminous cover crop (Pueraria phaseoloides) in a multi-strata agroforestry system at two fertilizer input levels on a Xanthic Ferralsol in central Amazonia. In situ incubations of topsoil (0–10 cm) were carried out using the buried-bag method on five occasions over ten months. The highest mineralization rates were found under the cover crop, intermediate rates under rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) where the soil was also covered by the cover crop, and lowest rates under peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) and cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) with no cover crop. The increased N mineralization under the cover crop was due to more total N in the soil, higher soil moisture and, presumably, a larger pool of readily mineralizable soil N compared with the soil under the tree crops. Other fertility parameters also differed significantly between sampling positions within the plots, but this had no major influence on net N mineralization. Also, the input of NPK fertilizer and dolomite had no significant influence on N mineralization, indicating that N mineralization was not nutrient-limited. High total N mineralization rates in the soil (approximately 350 kg ha−1 a−1 at 0–10 cm depth) explained earlier observations of nitrate leaching into the subsoil under multi-strata agroforestry at this site. Considering the spatial patterns of N mineralization with maximum values under the cover crop, the exploration of the soil volume by crop roots should be maximized to increase the uptake of mineralized soil N by the crops and reduce nitrate leaching. Appropriate measures are narrow tree spacing, use of annual and semi-perennial intercrops and encouragement of the lateral root development of the trees. In addition, the mineralization of soil N close to the tree crops can be influenced through the management of the cover crop. In view of the high total N mineralization rates in the system and unclear yield responses of tree crops to N fertilizer, the application of N fertilizer to tree crops with well-developed root systems and a well-managed cover crop may often be unnecessary on this soil type. This may facilitate the further development of tree crop agriculture in the region.

scholarly journals Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mariano ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
José Marcos Leite ◽  
Michele Xavier Vieira Megda ◽  
Rafael Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Mineralizable N

Considering nitrogen mineralization (N) of soil organic matter is a key aspect for the efficient management of N fertilizers in agricultural systems. Long-term aerobic incubation is the standard technique for calibrating the chemical extraction methods used to estimate the potentially mineralizable N in soil. However, the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. In this context, the aims of this study were to determine the amount of soil mineralizable N in the 0-60 cm layer and to evaluate the use of short-term anaerobic incubation instead of long-term aerobic incubation for the estimation of net N mineralization rates in soils under sugarcane. Five soils from areas without previous N fertilization were used in the layers 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Soil samples were aerobically incubated at 35 ºC for 32 weeks or anaerobically incubated (waterlogged) at 40 ºC for seven days to determine the net soil N mineralization. The sand, silt and clay contents were highly correlated with the indexes used for predicting mineralizable N. The 0-40 cm layer was the best sampling depth for the estimation of soil mineralizable N, while in the 40-60 cm layer net N mineralization was low in both incubation procedures. Anaerobic incubation provided reliable estimates of mineralizable N in the soil that correlated well with the indexes obtained using aerobic incubation. The inclusion of the pre-existing NH4+-N content improved the reliability of the estimate of mineralizable N obtained using anaerobic incubation.

Empirical relationships between temperature and nitrogen availability across North American forests

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Yin
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Published Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Pool

Published data were analyzed to examine whether nitrogen (N) availability varies along macroclimatic gradients in North America. Extractable N produced during 8-week aerobic laboratory incubation was used as an index of potential net N mineralization. Mean extractable N during the growing season in the forest floor plus top mineral soil was used as an index of the available N pool. Using multiple regression, potential net N mineralization was shown to increase with available N and with litter-fall N (R2 = 0.722). Available N increased with increasing total soil N and with decreasing mean January and July air temperatures (R2 = 0.770). These relationships appeared to hold also for deciduous and coniferous forests separately across regions. Results suggest that net N mineralization output under uniform temperature and moisture conditions can be generally expressed by variations of N input (litter fall) and the available soil N pool, and that the available soil N pool is predictable along a temperature gradient at a regional scale.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick D. Lentz ◽  
Gary A. Lehrsch
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Low Rate

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha−1) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.

Relationships between soil nitrogen dynamics and natural 15N abundance in plant foliage from Great Smoky Mountains National Park

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1636-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Garten Jr. ◽  
Helga Van Miegroet
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Soil N Dynamics ◽  
Mineral Soils

We tested the hypothesis that naturally occurring nitrogen (N) isotope ratios in foliage (from plants that do not symbiotically fix atmospheric N2) are an indicator of soil N dynamics in forests. Replicate plots were established at eight locations ranging in elevation from 615 to 1670 m in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern Tennessee, U.S.A. The locations selected ranged from N-poor (low-elevation) to N-rich (high-elevation) forest stands. Soils were sampled in June 1992; plants, forest floors, and upper mineral soils were sampled in August 1992. Net N mineralization and net nitrification potentials for surface mineral soils and organic matter layers at each site were determined by aerobic laboratory incubations. Soils and organic layers from high-elevation sites had greater net N mineralization and nitrification potentials than soils from low-elevation sites. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences between study sites in soil 15N abundance. Therefore, we examined correlations between measures of soil N availability and both mean foliar δ15N values and mean enrichment factors (εp−s = δ15Nleaf − δ15Nsoil). In evergreens, maples, and ferns, mean foliar δ15N values and mean enrichment factors were positively correlated with net N mineralization and net nitrification potentials in soil. The observed relationships between natural 15N abundance in plant leaves and soil N availability were explained by a simple model of soil N dynamics. The model predicts how the isotopic composition of plant N is affected by the following factors: (i) varying uptake of soil NH4-N and NO3-N, (ii) the isotopic composition of different soil N pools, and (iii) relative rates of soil N transformations.

scholarly journals Effects of snow absence on N pools and enzyme activities within soil aggregates in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Li ◽  
Zimin Li ◽  
Rüdiger Reichel ◽  
Kaijun Yang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Inorganic N

Abstract Background Snow cover change has a great potential to impact soil nitrogen (N) pools and enzyme activities in boreal forests. Yet, the nature of this biochemical processes within soil aggregates is still limited. We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to investigate the effects of snow absence on N pools and enzyme activities within soil aggregates in a subalpine spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China. Results Snow absence increased extractable inorganic N pools (ammonium and nitrate) and enzyme activities, accompanying with the improvement of N mineralization rate. Regardless of snow manipulations, both soil extractable inorganic N and net N mineralization was higher in macroaggregates than that in the other two aggregates. In contrast, microaggregates had higher urease and nitrite reductase activities compared to macroaggregates and large macroaggregates. Compared with small macroaggregates and large macroaggregates, N pools and enzymes within microaggregates is more sensitive to snow absence. Conclusions Our results indicated that the impacts of snow cover change on soil N dynamic depend on aggregate sizes and winter conditions (e.g., snow cover and temperature). Such findings have important implication for soil N cycling in snow-covered subalpine forests experiencing pronounced winter climate change.

Cattle manure as a nutrient source for barley and oilseed crops in zero and conventional tillage systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. A. Brandt ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System

Manure application should be equally effective in meeting crop nutrient requirements in zero and conventional tillage systems in order to be sustainable in a semi-arid region. A study was conducted from 1993 to 1996 at Scott and Melfort, Saskatchewan, to determine if feedlot cattle manure and inorganic N fertilizer were equally effective as nutrient sources for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica rapa L.) and flax (Linum usitatissumum L.) production, and soil N dynamics, in zero and conventional tillage systems. Inorganic fertilizer was compared with a factorial combination of two manure treatments: manure composition (fresh versus stockpiled), and application rate and frequency (annual versus once every four years). Barley and oilseed yields at Scott did not differ between fertilizer and manure treatments, whether manure was applied annually or once every 4 yr. At Melfort, the site with the highest yield potential, grain yields were 24% lower with manure. This yield reduction could be related to soil N availability; net N mineralization was 37 kg ha−1 lower in plots that received manure rather than inorganic fertilizer. Yield responses to the different types of manure and inorganic fertilizer were similar under zero-till and conventional tillage management. Low levels of N volatilization from the manure, and similar levels of net N mineralization, explained why crop responses to nutrient source did not differ with tillage system. Feedlot cattle manure can be applied as a nutrient source when surface applied in a zero-till system without significant yield reductions compared with soil incorporation in a conventional tillage system. Key words: Cattle manure, tillage, zero-till, barley, canola, flax

Changes in net N mineralization rates and soil N and P pools in a pine forest wildfire chronosequence

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Durán ◽  
Alexandra Rodríguez ◽  
José María Fernández-Palacios ◽  
Antonio Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
P Pools

Effects of nitrogen availability on northern red oak seedling growth in oak and pine stands in northern Lower Michigan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choonsig Kim ◽  
Terry L. Sharik ◽  
Martin F. Jurgensen ◽  
David S. Buckley ◽  
Richard E. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Canopy Removal ◽  
Pine Stands

The nitrogen (N) status and dry weight increment of northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seedlings in relation to N availability were examined at various levels of canopy cover and understory removal treatments under field conditions in red oak and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands. Net N mineralization rates over two growing seasons following canopy cover treatments were determined by the in situ buried bag technique. Canopy removal increased N mineralization in both oak and pine stands. Net N mineralization rates were ≈1.2–2.2 times higher in the clearcut and the other partial canopy cover treatments than in the uncut stands. Net N mineralization in the same canopy cover treatments was ≈2–3 times higher in red oak stands than in red pine stands. However, red oak seedlings from the same canopy cover treatments in both stand types had similar dry weight, N concentrations, N content, and N-use efficiency despite differences in soil N availability. The only exception was ≈2 times greater seedling dry weight and N content in the red oak clearcuts compared with the red pine clearcuts. The similarity in seedling performance within partial canopy removal or uncut stands may have been due to limiting factors other than N in the red oak stands. Red oak seedlings from litter removal treatments within the clearcuts had significantly higher N-use efficiency than those from the herb and shrub removal treatments. These results suggest that (i) canopy manipulation increases soil N availability; (ii) increases in dry weight and N uptake by red oak seedlings when forest canopies are completely removed are due, in part, to increased available soil N; (iii) red oak seedling response to soil N availability resulting from no or only partial canopy removal may be the same in different stand types (e.g., red oak vs. red pine) because factors other than N, such as light, are limiting.

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Broersma ◽  
N. G. Juma ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N

Soil samples from differing cropping systems were amended with 15N-labeled plant residues having varying carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios to quantify N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil. For non-amended cropping systems a significantly greater amount of total N was mineralized from the continuous legume (CL) than from the continuous grass (CG), barley/forage (BF) rotations, or continuous barley (CB) cropping systems. The addition of the fababean (Vicia faba L.) plant residue resulted in net N mineralization from most of the cropping systems. After 20 wk, 14.0%, 10.5% and 7.1% of the 15N was mineralized from fababean, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fescue (Festuca rubra L.) amended residues, respectively, when averaged across cropping systems. Key words: Crop residues, cropping systems, Gray Luvisol, N mineralization, 15N, soil amendments

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