Influence of compost source on corn grain yields, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions in southwestern Ontario

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Drury ◽  
W. D. Reynolds ◽  
X. M. Yang ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Corn Grain

Drury, C. F., Reynolds, W. D., Yang, X. M., Tan, C. S., Guo, X., McKenney, D. J., Fleming, R. and Denholme, K. 2014. Influence of compost source on corn grain yields, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions in southwestern Ontario. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 347–355. The impacts of compost type on corn grain yields over 10 yr and N2O and CO2 emissions in the first 3 yr after compost application were evaluated on a Brookston clay loam soil in Woodslee, ON. The treatments included yard waste compost (YWC), kitchen food waste compost (FWC), and pig manure compost (PMC), which were applied once in the fall of 1998 to field plots at a rate of 75 Mg ha−1 (dry weight basis) and no further applications occurred thereafter as well as a fertilized control treatment. Large application rates were examined to see if the various compost sources could have a lasting effect on soil C storage, N2O and CO2 emissions and corn yields. Compost application significantly increased corn grain yields by 12.9 to 19.4% over 3 yr. However, after 10 yr, FWC was the only compost source which significantly increased yields by 11.3% compared with the fertilized control. Emissions of N2O and CO2 varied with compost type, soil water content and time. Greater N2O emissions occurred in 1999 from PMC (5.4 kg N ha−1) than YWC (2.7 kg N ha−1) and FWC (1.3 kg N ha−1); however, the N2O emissions from the PMC were less than from YWC and FWC in 2001. The 3-yr average N2O emissions were significantly greater with PMC (2.7 kg N ha−1) and YWC (2.5 kg N ha−1) compared with the control (1.5 kg N ha−1). Hence, the timing of N2O emissions varied by compost type, but the overall losses were similar as the higher N2O losses in the first year with PMC were offset by the reduced losses with PMC in the third year. Significantly more CO2 was produced from the FWC in 2000 and from PMC in 2001 than the control.

Rates and intensity of freeze–thaw cycles affect nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Pelster ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Normand Bertrand ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Slow Freezing ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Freezing And Thawing Rates

In cool temperate regions, large emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas, have been observed during freeze–thaw (FT) cycles. However, it is unclear how freezing and thawing rates, freezing intensity, and freezing duration influence N2O emissions. We used a laboratory incubation to measure N2O emissions from two soils (sandy loam, silty clay) undergoing a single FT cycle of various freezing and thawing rates [rapid (0.5 °C h−1) vs. slow (0.017 °C h−1)], freezing intensity (−1 vs. −3 °C), and freezing duration (24 vs. 48 freezing degree-days). In general, soil carbon dioxide fluxes during freezing were highest when soils were frozen slowly at −1 °C, whereas fluxes after thawing were highest from the soils frozen and thawed rapidly at −3 °C. Soil N2O emissions during both the freezing and thawing periods were greatest in the soils exposed to rapid freezing to −3 °C, intermediate under rapid freezing to −1 °C and slow freezing to −3 °C, and smallest under slow freezing to −1 °C and the control treatment (constant +1 °C). The similar N2O emissions between the unfrozen control and the slowly frozen −1 °C treatment was unexpected as previous field studies with similar freezing rates and temperatures still experienced high N2O emissions during thaw. This suggests that the physical disruptions caused by freezing and thawing of the surface soil are not the primary driver of FT-induced N2O emissions under field conditions.

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Drury ◽  
X M Yang ◽  
W D Reynolds ◽  
N B McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Previous Crop

It is well established that nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural land are influenced by the type of crop grown, the form and amount of nitrogen (N) applied, and the soil and climatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Crop rotation adds another dimension that is often overlooked, however, as the crop residue being decomposed and supplying soluble carbon to soil biota is usually from a different crop than the crop that is currently growing. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of both the crop grown and the residues from the preceding crop on N2O and CO2 emissions from soil. In particular, N2O and CO2 emissions from monoculture cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat were compared with 2 -yr and 3-yr crop rotations (corn-soybean or corn-soybean-winter wheat). Each phase of the rotation was measured each year. Averaged over three growing seasons (from April to October), annual N2O emissions were about 3.1 to 5.1 times greater in monoculture corn (2.62 kg N ha-1) compared with either monoculture soybean (0.84 kg N ha-1) or monoculture winter wheat (0.51 kg N ha-1). This was due in part to the higher inorganic N levels in the soil resulting from the higher N application rate with corn (170 kg N ha-1) than winter wheat (83 kg N ha-1) or soybean (no N applied). Further, the previous crop also influenced the extent of N2O emissions in the current crop year. When corn followed corn, the average N2O emissions (2.62 kg N ha-1) were about twice as high as when corn followed soybean (1.34 kg N ha-1) and about 60% greater than when corn followed winter wheat (1.64 kg N ha-1). Monoculture winter wheat had about 45% greater CO2 emissions than monoculture corn or 51% greater emissions than monoculture soybean. In the corn phase, CO2 emissions were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat (5.03 t C ha-1) than when it was soybean (4.20 t C ha-1) or corn (3.91 t C ha-1). Hence, N2O and CO2 emissions from agricultural fields are influenced by both the current crop and the previous crop, and this should be accounted for in both estimates and forecasts of the emissions of these important greenhouse gases. Key words: Denitrification, soil respiration, rotation, crop residue

Balancing the competing needs of climate change, biodiversity and rural communities

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 249-249
Author(s):  
H Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Uk

The work of the UK Climate Change Commission (UKCCC) in recommending targets and options for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is focusing attention on what agriculture and land use can contribute to deliver these targets. Although overall the major issue is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from energy use, agriculture and land use are significant emitters of methane and nitrous oxide. UKCCC has identified three main routes by which emissions can be reduced• Lifestyle change with less reliance on carbon intensive produce -eg switching from sheep, and beef to pig, poultry and vegetables.• Changing farm practices – eg to improve use of fertilisers and manures• Using new technology on farms – eg modifying rumen processes, anaerobic digestion.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from surface and subsurface drip irrigated tomato fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Edwards ◽  
C.A. Madramootoo ◽  
J.K. Whalen ◽  
V.I. Adamchuk ◽  
A.S. Mat Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Practices

Irrigation practices change the soil moisture in agricultural fields and influence emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). A 2 yr field study was conducted to assess carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from surface and subsurface drip irrigated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fields on a loamy sand in southern Ontario. Surface and subsurface drip irrigation are common irrigation practices used by tomato growers in southern Ontario. The N2O fluxes were generally ≤50 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1, with mean cumulative emissions ranging between 352 ± 83 and 486 ± 138 mg N2O-N m−2. No significant difference in N2O emissions between the two drip irrigation practices was found in either study year. Mean CO2 fluxes ranged from 22 to 160 mg CO2-C m2 h−1 with cumulative fluxes between 188 ± 42 and 306 ± 31 g CO2-C m−2. Seasonal CO2 emissions from surface drip irrigation were significantly greater than subsurface drip irrigation in both years, likely attributed to sampling time temperature differences. We conclude that these irrigation methods did not have a direct effect on the GHG emissions from tomato fields in this study. Therefore, both irrigation methods are expected to have similar environmental impacts and are recommended to growers.

Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Aerobic and Anaerobic Incubations: Effect of Core Length

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Guo ◽  
Craig F. Drury ◽  
W. Daniel Reynolds ◽  
Xueming Yang ◽  
Ruqin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Core Length ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Nitrogen Source, Application Time, and Tillage Effects on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Corn Grain Yields

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Drury ◽  
W. D. Reynolds ◽  
X. M. Yang ◽  
N. B. McLaughlin ◽  
T. W. Welacky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Corn Grain

scholarly journals Influence of biological products on СО₂ emission and microflora of the root zone of corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
O. Siabruk ◽  
◽  
O. Naydenova ◽  
Ya. Get’man ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Corn Grain

O. Siabruk, O. Naydenova, Ya. Get’man. Influence of biological products on СО₂ emission and microflora of the root zone of corn The article presents the results of observations of carbon dioxide emissions and other indicators of soil biological activity in order to determine the effectiveness of the introduction of elements of biologization of agriculture. It was found that the use of a set of agricultural measures (tillage destructor tillage, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological product and double foliar treatment with humic preparation) increased СО₂ emissions and increased the number of microflora in the root zone of corn compared to control. There was a significant increase in the yield of corn grain due to the use of a complex of biological products (up to 16%, depending on the option). Keywords: carbon dioxide emission, biologization of agriculture, agricultural activities, soil microflora, corn.

Feedstock particle size and pyrolysis temperature regulate effects of biochar on soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Bangliang Deng ◽  
Xi Yuan ◽  
Evan Siemann ◽  
Shuli Wang ◽  
Haifu Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature
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