Soil mineral nitrogen responses following liquid hog manure application to semiarid forage lands

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Bork ◽  
B. D. Lambert ◽  
S. Banerjee ◽  
L. J. Blonski
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Mixed Grass

Bork, E. W., Lambert, B. D., Banerjee, S. and Blonski, L. J. 2013. Soil mineral nitrogen responses following liquid hog manure application to semiarid forage lands. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 369–378. Expansion of intensive livestock operations into semiarid regions lacking cultivated lands requires consideration of perennial forages for the efficient and sustainable disposal of manure. Little information exists on the nutrient dynamics associated with the application of manure to these areas. We examined soil mineral nitrogen (N) responses in four sites of the mixed-grass prairie, including two native grasslands and two introduced pastures, following different seasons (fall vs. spring), methods (dribble broadcast vs. coulter injected) and rates of liquid hog manure application (9.4, 18.8, 37.5, 75 and 150 kg ha−1available N). Soil mineral N, including NO3-N, NH4-N and total mineral N, were assessed after application but prior to plant growth in April 1999, and again one growing season later in April 2000. Initial soil N did not vary with season of application. Soil mineral N predictably increased with application rate, but only in the upper soil profile (0–20 cm). Decreases in soil mineral N after one growing season in all treatments highlighted the ability of these perennial forage lands to immobilize large amounts of soil N, a significant portion of which was related to N uptake by vegetation. Compared with broadcast application, manure injection led to 35% greater soil mineral N (both NO3and NH4) prior to plant growth, a response that persisted 1 yr later (+12%), thus demonstrating the N conserved benefits of manure incorporation. Overall, increases in soil mineral N within these forage lands appeared to be relatively short-term in nature, largely depleting over the course of a single growing season, suggesting one-time liquid hog manure application at low to moderate rates may be sustainable in this region of the mixed-grass prairie.

Nitrogen availability in a Darling Downs soil following cereal, oilseed and grain legume crops. 1. Soil nitrogen accumulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong ◽  
J Harbison ◽  
RGH Nielsen ◽  
BD Hall ◽  
EK Best
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N

Available soil mineral nitrogen (N) was determined in a Darling Downs clay at intervals of 4-6 weeks throughout summer and autumn after harvest of two cereals (wheat and oats), two oilseeds (rapeseed and linseed), and four grain legumes (chickpea, fieldpea, lupin and lathyrus). Soil mineral N (0-1.2 m) at 40,68, 107, 150 and 185 days after harvest was affected (P < 0.05) by the prior crop. At 40 days it was generally higher following grain legumes (34-76 kg/ha N) than following oilseeds or cereals (16-30 kg/ha N). Net increase during the next 145 days was in the order of cereals (2 1-27 kg/ha N) < oilseeds (40 kg/ha N) <grain legumes (53-85 kg/ha N). These differences are partly accounted for by differences in the quantities of N removed in the grain of these crops. However, a large quantity of mineral N accumulated following lupin even though a large quantity (80 kg/ha) was removed in the grain.

The source of mineral nitrogen for cereals in south-eastern Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Angus ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
D. P. Heenan ◽  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
G. N. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Net Mineralisation

The relative importance of soil mineral nitrogen (N) available at the time of sowing ormineralised during the growing season was investigated for 6 crops of dryland wheat. The soil mineral N in the root-zone was sampled at sowing and maturity and the rate of net mineralisation in the top 10 cm was estimated by sequential sampling throughout the growing season, using an in situ method. Mineralisation during crop growth was modelled in relation to total soil N, ambient temperature, andsoil water content. Mineral N accumulated before sowing varied by a factor of 3 between the sites (from 67 to 195 kgN/ha), while the net mineralisation during crop growth varied by a factor of 2 (from 43 to 99 kgN/ha). The model indicated that 0·092% of total N was mineralised per day when temperature and water were not limiting, with rates decreasing for lower temperatures and soil water contents. When tested with independent data, the model predicted the mineralisation rate of soil growing continuous wheat crops but underestimated mineralisation of soil in a clover-wheat rotation. For crops yielding <3 t/ha, the supply of N was mostly from mineralisation during crop growth and the contribution from mineral N accumulated before sowing was relatively small. For crops yielding >4 t/ha, thesupply of N was mostly from N present in the soil at the time of sowing. The implication is that for crops to achieve their water-limited yield, they must be supplied with an amount of N greater than can be expected from mineralisation during the growing season, either from fertiliser or from mineral N accumulated earlier.

Lucerne removal before a cropping phase

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Angus ◽  
R. R. Gault ◽  
A. J. Good ◽  
A. B. Hart ◽  
T. D. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N

Growing dryland crops after lucerne is known to be risky because of the lack of residual soil water. We investigated ways of reducing this risk by removing portions of a lucerne pasture, using either herbicides or cultivation, at monthly intervals between November and April, before sowing a wheat crop in May, followed by a canola crop in the following year. The experimental site was on a red-brown earth in southern New South Wales. Lucerne removal was incomplete when the wheat was sown, so all lucerne plants were removed from half of each plot with a post-emergence herbicide, to allow comparisons of intercropped wheat–lucerne and wheat monoculture. Measurements were made on crop growth, yield, grain quality, soil water, and soil mineral nitrogen (N) before and after both crops. On average, each additional month between lucerne removal and wheat sowing led to a yield increase of 8% and a grain protein increase of 0.3 percentage units. The main reason for the increases was additional soil mineral N, associated with a longer period of mineralisation. The soil water content at the time of wheat sowing was greater with early lucerne removal but the growing season rainfall did not limit yields, and there was more residual soil water at the time of wheat maturity where lucerne had been removed late and yields were lower. Method of lucerne removal did not significantly affect wheat yield, grain protein, soil water, or soil mineral N. The portions of the plots containing lucerne plants that survived the initial removal attempt produced similar wheat yields to the portions where lucerne had been totally removed, but grain protein was lower. The following growing season was drier, but despite less residual soil water where lucerne had been removed earlier in the previous year, the average canola yield was 2.5% greater for each additional month of fallow. The increase again appeared to be due to more residual mineral N. The seed oil concentration also decreased in response to later lucerne removal but seed protein increased. Where lucerne plants had been retained in the previous wheat crop, canola yield was lower than where they had been totally removed, apparently because of less soil water at sowing. Over the 2 years of the experiment, the net supply of mineral N was 374 kg N/ha, equivalent to an annual net mineralisation of 2% of the total soil N. The initial mineralisation rate was slow, suggesting that the soil may be deficient in mineral N soon after lucerne removal.

Computer simulation of changes in soil mineral nitrogen and crop nitrogen during autumn, winter and spring

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Addiscott ◽  
A. P. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Crop N Uptake

summaryThe computer model described simulates changes in soil mineral nitrogen and crop uptake of nitrogen by computing on a daily basis the amounts of N leached, mineralized, nitrified and taken up by the crop. Denitrification is not included at present. The leaching submodel divides the soil into layers, each of which contains mobile and immobile water. It needs points from the soil moisture characteristic, measured directly or derived from soil survey data; it also needs daily rainfall and evaporation. The mineralization and nitrification submodel assumes pseudo-zero order kinetics and depends on the net mineralization rate in the topsoil and the daily soil temperature and moisture content, the latter being computed in the leaching submodel. The crop N uptake and dry-matter production submodel is a simple function driven by degree days of soil temperature and needs in addition only the sowing date and the date the soil returns to field capacity, the latter again being computed in the leaching submodel. A sensitivity analysis was made, showing the effects of 30% changes in the input variables on the simulated amounts of soil mineral N and crop N present in spring when decisions on N fertilizer rates have to be made. Soil mineral N was influenced most by changes in rainfall, soil water content, mineralization rate and soil temperature, whilst crop N was affected most by changes in soil temperature, rainfall and sowing date. The model has so far been applied only to winter wheat growing through autumn, winter and spring but it should be adaptable to other crops and to a full season.The model was validated by comparing its simulations with measurements of soil mineral N, dry matter and the amounts of N taken up by winter wheat in experiments made at seven sites during 5 years. The simulations were assessed graphically and with the aid of several statistical summaries of the goodness of fit. The agreement was generally very good; over all years 72% of all simulations of soil mineral N to 90 cm depth were within 20 kg N/ha of the soil measurements; also 78% of the simulations of crop nitrogen uptake were within 15 kg N/ha and 63% of the simulated yields of dry matter were within 25 g/m2 of the amounts measured. All correlation coefficients were large, positive, and highly significant, and on average no statistically significant differences were found between simulation and measurement either for soil mineral N or for crop N uptake.

Effects of soil nitrogen status and rate of inoculation on the establishment of populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation of soybeans

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
RR Gault ◽  
LJ Morthorpe ◽  
MB Peoples ◽  
GL Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv. Forrest) were grown under irrigation on a well-structured grey clay soil, previously free of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and containing relatively high levels of mineral N, at Trangie, N.S.W. There were two soil pretreatments, pre-cropped (which had the effect of reducing the level of mineral nitrogen in the soil) and pre-fallowed, and four rates of inoculation (B. japonicum CB 1809 - nil, 0.01 X, 1.OX [=normal] and 100X).Mineral nitrogen (0-10 cm) initially was higher in pre-fallowed soil than in pre-cropped soil (37.6 v. 18.5 mg N per kg). Depletion of mineral nitrogen occurred more rapidly in pre-fallowed treatments, so that, 7 days after harvest, mineral-N in pre-cropped soil was significantly higher than in pre-fallowed soil (14.4 v. 10.6 mg per kg).With high levels of soil mineral nitrogen, colonization of seedling rhizospheres by rhizobia and plant nodulation were diminished. These effects were ameliorated but not eliminated by increased rates of inoculation. The development of the symbiosis was also impeded by lower rates of inoculation (0.01 X, 1.OX).

scholarly journals An analysis of the response of sugar beet and potatoes to fertilizer nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Neeteson ◽  
H.J.C. Zwetsloot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prior Application

A statistical analysis was performed to investigate if, and to what extent, the response of sugarbeet and potatoes to fertilizer N depended on the amount of mineral N already present in the soil, soil type, and prior application of organic manures. For this purpose the results of 150 field trials with sugarbeet and 98 with potatoes were used. The analysis was focussed on the within-block stratum of variation in yield, where regression models were fitted to describe the response to N. For both sugarbeet and potatoes the best fit was obtained when not only fertilizer N was taken into account, but also soil mineral N, soil type and prior application of organic manures. The response to fertilizer N was weaker as the amount of soil mineral N was larger. The optimum amount of fertilizer N plus soil mineral N required was larger on sandy soils than on loam and clay soils. The difference was about 20 kg N/ha for sugarbeet and 100 kg N/ha for potatoes. When organic manures were applied prior to the application of fertilizer N, the optimum for both sugarbeet and potatoes was 15-50 N/ha lower than without application of organic manures. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Seasonal variation in response of winter cereals to nitrogen fertilizer and apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen on chalk soils in southern England

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. GRYLLS ◽  
J. WEBB ◽  
C. J. DYER
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

From 1985 to 1987, 20 experiments were carried out on shallow chalk soils, in which soil N reserves were expected to be small, to assess seasonal variations in the response of winter cereals to applied fertilizer N, and to relate these responses to measurements of soil mineral N (SMN), temperature and soil moisture deficits (SMD).Soil mineral N measured in autumn varied from 21 kg/ha (1986) to 73 kg/ha (1985), while SMN in spring ranged from 19 kg/ha (1987) to 91 kg/ha (1985), these values were typical of soils in long-term arable rotations. Estimates of apparent net N mineralization (AM) during the growing season were small at c. 26 kg/ha and suggested large seasonal variation. The small AM is considered to be due to the shallow topsoil drying out during the growing season. Whole crop N offtake without fertilizer N was only c. 40kg/ha. Crop N offtake, grain yield without fertilizer N and AFR (apparent recovery of fertilizer N) could not be reliably predicted by regression on SMN in autumn, SMN in spring or AM. Little or none of the variation in crop yield could be accounted for by regression on accumulated temperature over winter, maximum SMD in April to July or mean temperature in April to July.Despite optimum grain yields being only moderate at 6·59 t/ha for winter wheat and 6·78 t/ha for winter barley, response to applied fertilizer N was large, between 3·77 and 5·38 t/ha. In consequence the requirement for fertilizer N (c. 240–250 kg/ha) was also large, but differed little between seasons. This large requirement is concluded to be a result of limited fertilizer recovery and mineralization of soil N during the growing season.

scholarly journals The Effect of Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) on Crop Yields, Nitrogen Content and Uptake, and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Balance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2307
Author(s):  
Anna Nogalska ◽  
Aleksandra Załuszniewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N

A long-term (six year) field experiment was conducted in Poland to evaluate the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM), applied without or with mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer, on crop yields, N content and uptake by plants, and soil mineral N balance. Five treatments were compared: MBM applied at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Mg ha−1, inorganic NPK, and zero-fert check. Mineral N accounted for 100% of the total N rate (158 kg ha−1) in the NPK treatment and 50%, 25%, and 0% in MBM treatments. The yield of silage maize supplied with MBM was comparable with that of plants fertilized with NPK at 74 Mg ha−1 herbage (30% DM) over two years on average. The yields of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape were highest in the NPK treatment (8.9 Mg ha−1 grain and 3.14 Mg ha−1 seeds on average). The addition of 25% and 50% of mineral N to MBM had no influence on the yields of the tested crops. The N content of plants fertilized with MBM was satisfactory (higher than in the zero-fert treatment), and considerable differences were found between years of the study within crop species. Soil mineral N content was determined by N uptake by plants rather than the proportion of mineral N in the total N rate. Nitrogen utilization by plants was highest in the NPK treatment (58%) and in the treatment where mineral N accounted for 50% of the total N rate (48%).

Estimation of soil nitrogen supply in potato fields using a plant bioassay approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
J B Sanderson ◽  
W J Arsenault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Plant Bioassay

Soil N supply is an important contributor of N to crop production; however, there is a lack of practical methods for routine estimation of soil N supply under field conditions. This study evaluated sampling just prior to topkill of whole potato plants that received no fertilizer N as a field bioassay of soil N supply. Three experiments were performed. In exp. 1, field trials were conducted to test if P and K fertilization, with no N fertilization, influenced plant biomass and N accumulation at topkill. In exp. 2, plant N accumulation at topkill in unfertilized plots was compared with mineral N accumulation in vegetation-free plots. In exp. 3, estimates of soil N supply were obtained from 56 sites from 1999 to 2003 using a survey approach where plant N accumulation at topkill, and soil mineral N content to 30-cm depth at planting and at tuber harvest were measured. Application of P and K fertilizer had no significant effect on plant N accumulation in two trials, and resulted in a small increase in plant N accumulation in a third trial. Zero fertilizer plots, which can be more readily established in commercial potato fields, can therefore be used instead of zero fertilizer N plots to estimate soil N supply. In exp. 2, estimates of soil N supply were generally comparable between plant N accumulation at topkill and maximum soil NO3-N accumulation in vegetation-free plots; therefore, the plant bioassay approach is a valid means of estimation of plant available soil N supply. Plant N accumulation at topkill in exp. 3 averaged 86 kg N ha-1, and ranged from 26 to 162 kg N ha-1. Plant N accumulation was higher for sites with a preceding forage crop compared with a preceding cereal or potato crop. Plant N accumulation was generally higher in years with warmer growing season temperatures. Soil NO3-N content at harvest in exp. 3 was less than 20 kg N ha-1, indicating that residual soil mineral N content was low at the time of plant N accumulation measurement. Soil NO3-N content at planting was generally small relative to plant N accumulation, indicating that soil N supply in this region is controlled primarily by growing season soil N mineralization. Use of a plant bioassay approach provides a practical means to quantify climate, soil and management effects on plant available soil N supply in potato production. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, nitrate, ammonium, N mineralization, plant N accumulation

The Nitrogen Dynamics of Multi-species Grasslands when Subject to Drought and Re-wetting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoirse Cummins ◽  
John Finn ◽  
Gary Lanigan ◽  
Karl Richards ◽  
Tom Misselbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Birch Effect

&lt;p&gt;It is predicted that climate change will result in more extreme and frequent weather events including flooding and drought. Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) is a potent greenhouse gas having 298 times the global warming potential of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The &amp;#8216;Birch effect&amp;#8217;, the term given to high &amp;#160;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes following the drying and re-wetting of soils, is an accelerator of this process. Multi species grasslands have been shown have higher nitrogen use efficiency and potential for drought resilience and recovery. This experiment analysed the nitrogen dynamics of multi-species grasslands by means of quantifying the responses of soil mineral nitrogen (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-) &lt;/sup&gt;and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes during an eight week simulated drought, re-wetting and fertiliser application two weeks after the re-wetting event. A simplex experimental design was used to determine species and functional group effects which could potentially influence responses. The hypothesis of this study was therefore that multi species grasslands would mitigate the &amp;#8216;Birch effect&amp;#8217; resulting in less erratic transformations of soil mineral nitrogen and lower N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes compared to monocultures. This study also predicted a lasting legacy effect of drought on soil systems resulting in prolonged heightened N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes. Drought resulted in a depletion of soil NO&lt;sub&gt;3-&lt;/sub&gt;, increased &amp;#160;levels of NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+ &lt;/sup&gt;and background level N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. Following re-wetting soil mineral N underwent transformations from NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; to NO3- indicating nitrification. Four times more N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions were recorded during re-wetting period compared to fertilizer application. There was no lasting legacy effect of drought and re-wetting on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes observed during fertilizer application two weeks after re-wetting bar T. repens which has implications for grassland management strategies.&lt;/p&gt;

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