Changes in soil extractable sulphate under field fallow conditions after application of three contrasting sulphur fertilizers

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
S Fertilizers

A field fallow soil monitoring method was used to evaluate the time of appearance of inorganic sulphate-S from two types of fertilizer S, elemental and sulphate, under the humid weather conditions of coastal British Columbia. In addition to both these types being applied as commercially produced granules, elemental S was applied as a powder. All three S-fertilizers were surface applied, but not incorporated as would likely occur when applied to forages. Soil analyses on a control (no S added) showed that there was limited evidence of leaching of sulphate beyond 30 cm. This meant sampling the soil to 30 cm depth was sufficient to examine the effect of a single spring application of the fertilizer over a full year. Differences in appearance of sulphate in the soil from the three fertilizer sources were distinguished by soil analyses, but the relatively large variability of the measurements limited the precision of time differentiation. The recovery calculations showed that inorganic sulphate from the fertilizers changed to another form (assumed to be organic S) as the season progressed. Maximum recovery of the granulated gypsum fertilizer (62–80%) was greater than for powdered elemental S (36–65%), which was slightly greater than for the SulFer 95 granulated elemental S fertilizer (33–48%).Key words: Elemental S, granulated S, gypsum, S fertilizers, extractable inorganic sulphate

An ecological study about assemblages of endophytic fungi in Acer macrophyllum in British Columbia: in search of candidate mycoherbicides

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Sieber ◽  
Charles E. Dorworth
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Acer Macrophyllum ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Healthy 2- to 3-year-old twig pieces with adherent foliage were collected from 3- to 10-year-old Acer macrophyllum at seven sites in coastal British Columbia and examined for the presence of endophytic fungi. Eighty-three percent of the leaves and 52% of the twigs were colonized by endophytic fungi. Fungal assemblages of leaves were dominated by Phomopsis spp., whereas Diplodina acerina was most frequently isolated from twigs. Cryptosporiopsis abietina, Glomerella cingulata (with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides anamorph), and Phomopsis spp. also occurred quite frequently in twigs at some sites. No correlations between weather conditions and any of the endophyte species were detected. Diplodina acerina and G. cingulata were the only two species with a certain potential to be employed as mycoherbicides: D. acerina is distributed over most of its hosts' range, and frequency and density of colonization are high among and within trees and some degree of virulence is present; some formae speciales of G. cingulata are already used as mycoherbicides. Key words: endophytic fungi, mycoherbicides, Diplodina acerina, Colletotrichum, fungal ecology.

scholarly journals Cost of pruning Douglas-fir in coastal British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
S. A. Y. Omule ◽  
D. E. Paul ◽  
L. M. Darling
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Average Spacing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Artificial pruning can increase the quantity of high-value clear lumber harvested from Douglas-fir, but the pruning cost per tree is relatively high. To prune a young Douglas-fir to 6 metres in one lift and two lifts took, respectively, 9.5 and 10.1 minutes in 14- and 18-year old stands with average spacing between trees of about 3 metres on flat or 0-30% south-facing slopes in coastal British Columbia. The associated costs were $2.09 and $2.22. This included minor travel time between trees, but excluded the cost of travelling to the site, selecting and marking trees to be pruned, and purchasing and maintaining the pruning equipment. Differences in pruning time between one-lift pruning and two-lift pruning, in one or two passes, were small. A D-handled saw was preferred to the more strenuous snap-cut pruner with ratchet-style pinions, based on observations on a pruning time-study of 5 operators. Key words: pruning saw, snap-cut pruner, pruning time, one-lift pruning, two-lift pruning

scholarly journals Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10 day continuous lidar sounding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Baumgarten ◽  
Michael Gerding ◽  
Gerd Baumgarten ◽  
Franz-Josef Lübken
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Tidal Waves

Abstract. Gravity waves (GW) as well as solar tides are a key driving mechanism for the circulation in the Earth's atmosphere. The propagation of gravity waves is strongly infected by tidal waves as they modulate the mean background wind field and vice versa, which is not yet fully understood and not implemented in many circulation models. The daylight capable Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) lidar at Kühlungsborn (54° N, 12&deg E) typically provides temperature data to investigate both wave phenomena during one full day or several consecutive days in the middle atmosphere between 30 and 75 km altitude. Outstanding weather conditions in May 2016 allowed for an unprecedented 10-day continuous lidar measurement which shows a large variability of gravity waves and tides on time scales of days. Using a 1-dimensional spectral filtering technique, gravity and tidal waves are separated according to their specific periods or vertical wavelengths, and their temporal evolution is studied. During the measurement a strong 24 h-wave occurs only between 40 and 60 km and vanishes after a few days. The disappearance is related to an enhancement of gravity waves with periods of 4–8 h. Wind data provided by ECMWF are used to analyze the meteorological situation at our site. The local wind structure changes during the observation period, which leads to different propagation conditions for gravity waves in the last days of the measurement and therefore a strong GW activity. The analysis indicates a further change in wave-wave interaction resulting in a minimum of the 24 h tide. The observed variability of tides and gravity waves on timescales of a few days clearly demonstrates the importance of continuous measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution to detect interaction phenomena, which can help to improve parametrization schemes of GW in general circulation models.

Carbon storage and light fraction C in a grassland Dark Gray Chernozem soil as influenced by N and S fertilization

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyborg ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
E. D. Solberg ◽  
R. C. Izaurralde
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Soil Carbon Storage ◽  
S Fertilizers

A field experiment was conducted at Canwood, Saskatchewan to determine if annual applications of nitrogen (112 kg N ha−1) and sulphur (11 kg S ha−1) fertilizers to grass over 13 yr (1980 to 1992) could increase storage of total C (TC) and light fraction C (LFC) in a Dark Gray Chernozem soil. Hay was removed from the plots every year. The increase in mass of TC in the 0- to 30-cm soil depth from NS fertilizer was 3.88 Mg C ha−1. However, the increase in mass of LFC from NS was 9.50 Mg C ha−1, and most of the increase was found in the 0- to 5-cm soil depth. Key words: Soil carbon storage, light fraction carbon, N and S fertilizers

Ekological quations in «Koran»

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Esmira Musa Guliyeva ◽  
◽  
Nargiz Mehman Zeynalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Individual

Pollution of the earth's environment is the result of human activities, air, water, soil pollution, depletion of natural resources, as well as the decline of morality and culture of the individual. As far back as 1400 years ago, the holy verses of the Holy Quran reflected the environment and its problems, weather conditions, healthy nutrition and their impact on people, and other environmental processes. These verses call on people to protect the atmosphere, nature, living and non-living sources, water sources and other resources, and to use them effectively. Key words: the Koran, ecology, environment, protection of living and non-living resources

scholarly journals Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous lidar sounding

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Baumgarten ◽  
Michael Gerding ◽  
Gerd Baumgarten ◽  
Franz-Josef Lübken
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Measurement Period

Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) as well as solar tides are a key driving mechanism for the circulation in the Earth's atmosphere. The propagation of gravity waves is strongly affected by tidal waves as they modulate the mean background wind field and vice versa, which is not yet fully understood and not adequately implemented in many circulation models. The daylight-capable Rayleigh–Mie–Raman (RMR) lidar at Kühlungsborn (54∘ N, 12∘ E) typically provides temperature data to investigate both wave phenomena during one full day or several consecutive days in the middle atmosphere between 30 and 75 km altitude. Outstanding weather conditions in May 2016 allowed for an unprecedented 10-day continuous lidar measurement, which shows a large variability of gravity waves and tides on timescales of days. Using a one-dimensional spectral filtering technique, gravity and tidal waves are separated according to their specific periods or vertical wavelengths, and their temporal evolution is studied. During the measurement period a strong 24 h wave occurs only between 40 and 60 km and vanishes after a few days. The disappearance is related to an enhancement of gravity waves with periods of 4–8 h. Wind data provided by ECMWF are used to analyze the meteorological situation at our site. The local wind structure changes during the observation period, which leads to different propagation conditions for gravity waves in the last days of the measurement period and therefore a strong GW activity. The analysis indicates a further change in wave–wave interaction resulting in a minimum of the 24 h tide. The observed variability of tides and gravity waves on timescales of a few days clearly demonstrates the importance of continuous measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution to detect interaction phenomena, which can help to improve parametrization schemes of GWs in general circulation models.

scholarly journals The Influence of Weather Conditions During Vegetation Period on Yielding of Twelve Determinate Tomato Cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta JEDRSZCZYK ◽  
Barbara SKOWERA ◽  
Joanna KOPCINSKA ◽  
Anna M. AMBROSZCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Tomato yield and biomass growth are closely linked to climatic conditions during vegetation period. Low temperatures and high precipitation in summer constitute the main cause of the large variability of field tomato yielding contributing to worsen the quality of the yield. The aim of the investigation was determining the influence of meteorological basic components in the growing season of the tomato to total and marketable yield of twelve determinate cultivars. Experiment took place in the open field in the Vegetable Experimental Station of Agricultural University of Mydlniki near Cracow in the years 2008 - 2010. A different sensitivity of examined tomato cultivars to the course of weather conditions was stated. ‘Ondraszek’ cultivar get the highest marketable yield in all years of investigation what indicate the most adaptation to variable weather conditions and cultivars ‘Hetman’, ‘Hubal’ and ‘Babinicz’ were the least adaptated and they gave the lowest yield. Analysis of the influence of weather condition on total and marketable yield of twelve determine tomato cultivars showed, that the sum and distribution of precipitation were decisive. High precipitations decreased total and marketable yield, whereas frequent and lower precipitations influenced favorable. Since from the third stage, i.e., the beginning of fruits setting to the beginning of ripening, a larger impact of meteorological factors on marketable than total yield had been observed. In the fruits ripening stage a marketable yield depended only on sum of temperatures.

The relationship between meteorological changes and daily feed intake or shell strength of eggs of Leghorn hens

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
R. M. G. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Feed intake and egg measurements were recorded daily over a 56-d period from Leghorn pullets and force-molted hens, with 36 of each age. Meteorological conditions during the experiment were obtained from a nearby weather station. Regression analyses indicated that the daily variation in flock parameters reported in other studies may be partly due to the flock's response to weather conditions outside the hen house. Key words: Poultry, meteorological conditions, correlations, flock parameters, feed intake, specific gravity, shell strength, temperature

scholarly journals Climatic Uncertainty in the Mediterranean Basin and Its Possible Relevance to Important Economic Sectors

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Haim Kutiel
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The Mediterranean Basin is among the densest populated regions of the world with forecasts for a further population increase in the coming decades. Agriculture and tourism are two main economic activities of this region. Both activities depend highly on climate and weather conditions. Climate and weather in turn, present a large variability both in space and in time which results in different uncertainty types. Any change in weather and or climate conditions in the coming decades due to climate change may increase this uncertainty. Temporal uncertainty is discussed in detail and different ways of how to exhibit it are presented with examples from various locations in the Mediterranean basin. Forecasted increased uncertainty may in turn increase future challenges for long term planning and managing of agriculture and tourism in that part of the world.

scholarly journals Time and Spatial Variability in Concentrations of Selected Pollutants in the New Bypass Rainwater Harvesting System

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zubala ◽  
Magdalena Patro
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe level of pollution and the variability of rainwater runoff quality collected in reservoirs next to the new Lublin bypass (south-eastern Poland) were assessed in this scientific paper. In the rainwater harvesting and treatment system, two types of reservoirs with different construction, size and presence of pre-treatment devices were used. Laboratory tests involved selected physical, oxygen, biogenic, salinity indicators, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Particularly large variability in concentrations included NO2-, TP, PO43-, K+ and Cl-. Parameters decreasing the water quality were mainly conductivity, BOD5, COD, NO2-, TP and Cl-. High concentrations of salt and phosphorus in collected rainwater require great care in final management (risk of salinization and eutrophication). In the second year of research, there was significant deterioration of water quality, which may result from different weather conditions and gradual accumulation of pollutants in new reservoirs. Not many significant differences were found in the quality of water collected in reservoirs with pre-treatment and without it. Loads of heavy metals and aromatic hydrocarbons in reservoirs were relatively small. However, these impurities have high durability and the ability to accumulate in the environment. Therefore, further studies should also take into account monitoring of bottom sediments and areas adjacent to the bypass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document