Evaluation of fresh and aged clam processing wastes as potential agricultural liming materials for coastal area vegetable production soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée Owen ◽  
Serge LeBlanc ◽  
Patrick Toner ◽  
Cargèle Nduwamungu ◽  
Erica Fava
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Clam canning in New Brunswick generates 1800 t of clam processing wastes (CPW) annually. Thirty-year-old stockpiles of CPW must now be remediated to satisfy environmental regulations. This study examined fresh and aged CPW as potential agricultural liming materials for acidic coastal vegetable production soils. Clam processing wastes were ground to three size fractions (< 0.250 mm, 0.250 to < 1.00 mm, 1.00 to < 2.00 mm) and analyzed for calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE). They were then mixed with two soils of contrasting textures at three rates, in duplicate, and then placed in a control-plus-factorial pot experiment, with commercial agricultural lime of fine texture (< 0.250 mm) as reference. During an 8-wk incubation, soil water pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored biweekly. At 4 and 8 wk, a soil extract germination test was conducted using cress (Lepidium sativum L.) as an indicator plant. CPW of < 1 mm raised soil pH with effectiveness increasing as particle size decreased. Application rates in function of the fineness to induce a given pH change (ΔpH) could be obtained using prediction graphs with high coefficients of determination (r2: 0.84 to 0.97). The average EC in all treatments to the end of the incubation period was < 2 dS m-1, indicating that salt stress is not a risk following CPW application to soil, since even sensitive crops are capable of withstanding such an EC. Seeding could take place between 4 and 8 wk after the CPW application to loamy sand with no adverse effect on germination index. In the loam soil, this period could safely be shortened. Key words: Clam, liming, soil pH, soil EC, cress, germination index

scholarly journals Calculating pH from EC and SAR values in salinity models and SAR from soil and bore water pH and EC data.

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Robbins ◽  
WS Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Water Ph

Currently used soil salinity models do not contain a mechanism for including exchangeable sodium effects on soil pH. A method is needed that allows pH calculation from the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) or exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and electrical conductivity (EC) data. This study developed a simple method for calculating saturated soil paste and aqueous solution pH from SAR (or ESP) and EC data and compared the results with measured values from a number of soils and subsurface waters. The equation pH =A+{B*(SAR)1/2/(1+C*EC)} estimated soil pH from EC and SAR or ESP values. When rewritten as: SAR or ESP={(pH-A)(1 + C*EC)/B)2, the SAR or ESP was estimated from pH and EC data. By using shallow bore (well) water and soil extract data from the Murray Basin, values were determined for the scalar terms A, B and C. These values differed among subsurface water and soil types, however, the range of each scalar was reasonably small. It was found that a range of at least 2.5 pH units in the calibration data was necessary to obtain reliable regression between predicted and measured pH and SAR or ESP values. When these conditions were met, the predicted results were satisfactory. These relationships provide a method for pH calculation in soil salinity models which takes into account soil EC and sodium effects. They also provide a rapid field method to estimate SAR or ESP from easily obtainable EC and pH data. Further research is needed to define the factors that determine the values of A, B and C.

NH3 volatilization, soil concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Marc-Olivier Gasser ◽  
J. Douglas MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Factor

Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., Chantigny, M. H., Gasser, M.-O., MacDonald, J. D., Pelster, D. E. and Bertrand, N. 2013. NH 3 volatilization, soil [Formula: see text] concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 261–268. Subsurface banding of urea can result in large ammonia (NH3) emissions following a local increase in soil ammonium ([Formula: see text]) concentration and pH. We conducted a field experiment to determine how application rates of subsurface banded urea impact NH3 volatilization. Urea was banded at a 5 cm depth to a silty loam soil (pH=5.5) at rates of 0, 6.1, 9.2, 13.3 and 15.3 g N m−1. Ammonia volatilization (wind tunnels), and soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH (0–10 cm) were monitored for 25 d following urea application. Volatilization losses increased exponentially with urea application rate to 11.6% of applied N for the highest urea rate, indicating that as more urea N was added to the soil a larger fraction was lost as NH3. Cumulative NH3-N emissions were closely related (R 2≥0.85) to maximum increases in soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH, and their combined influence likely contributed to the nonlinearity of the volatilization response to urea application rate. However, the rapid increase in NH3 losses when soil pH rose above 7 suggests that soil pH was the main factor explaining the nonlinear response of NH3 volatilization. When compared with previous studies, our results suggest that the response of NH3 volatilization losses to urea application rate in acidic soils are controlled by similar factors whether urea is broadcasted at the soil surface or subsurface banded.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Several Turf Insecticides Against European Chafer Larvae, Home Lawn, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
P. J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Six turf insec-ticides were tested for efficacy against European chafer larvae on a home lawn in Waltham, Mass. Grub populations were ca. 60% eggs, 40% early first instar at the time of application. The lawn consisted of 30% perennial ryegrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 30% crabgrass, and 10% dandelion, and was mowed at ca. 1.5 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 11:00 AM and 12:30 PM on 1 Aug 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Granular formulations were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 85° F, sunny and moderately humid with light SW wind (5-10 mph); soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.6; water pH, 8.2. All plots were hand watered with 0.1 inch immediately after application, and an additional 0.2 inch was applied through overhead irrigation within 2 hr after application. No measurable rain fell in the area for 2 wk after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 17 Oct (77 DAT) by removing 5 cupcutter plugs (4.25 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil with a hand trowel, and counting all grubs to a depth of 3 inches.

scholarly journals 632 PB 490 FIELD TRIALS WITH COMPOSTED, PELLETIZED POULTRY LITTER APPLICATIONS IN SPINACH AND COLLARDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 523a-523
Author(s):  
Tina Gray Teague
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

On farm studies in 1994 with a composted, poultry litter (PPL) product, Organigro (Organigro Inc., Watts, OK), were conducted with fall spinach and collards in eastern Arkansas. In a small plot study with `Cascade' spinach grown on Dubbs fine sandy loam soil (pH 6.5 to 6.8) in a large commercial field receiving fertilizer inputs of 102-0-70 NPK + 29.5 S + 0.5 B, additions of as little as 280 kg PPL ha-1 significantly increased yield. In collard studies, effects of applications of PPL, NPK and a transplant water applied fertilizer solution were compared in a trial with transplanted `Blue Max grown in a silt loam soil (pH 5.8 to 6.2) that had been damaged from precision leveling. PPL applied at 560 kg ha resulted in significantly higher yields than plots receiving NPK (applied as 516 kg 13-13-13 ha-1) alone. Applications of a fertilizer solution containing secondary and micronutrients (Golden Harvest Plus, Smeller Chemical. Houston, TX) in transplant water (50 ml/plant solution containing .95 1 GH+/378 1 H2O) resulted in comparable yields as those treatments with PPL. These results indicate that shallow rooted vegetable crops such as spinach and collards grown in damaged soils or light textured soils with low organic matter can he improved with additions of poultry litter. The PPL product used in these studies is produced with a guaranteed analysis of 4-4-4 NPK, and because it has been composted, problems with weed seeds and pathogenic organisms have been eliminated The pelletized form of the product also, facilitates field application. These properties make this type product ideal for use in vegetable production systems, particularly where problems with secondary or micronutrients may he likely.

scholarly journals Biochar Improves Plant Growth and Reduces Nutrient Leaching in Red Clay Loam and Sandy Loam

2012 ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Pudasaini ◽  
Nanjappa Ashwath ◽  
Kerry Walsh ◽  
Thakur Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Water Holding

A factorial pot experiment was conducted using two types of soils (sandy loam and red clay loam) that are commonly used for commercial vegetable production in Bundaberg, region of Central Queensl and Australia. The soils were amended with 0, 25, 50 and 75 t/ha of green waste biochar and minimum doses of N, P and K (30 kg/ha, 30 kg/ha and 40 kg/ha respectively). After two weeks of plant establishment, the pots were leached with 1.5 litres of deionised water at week intervals, and cation concentrations of the leachate were determined. In 25 t/ha biochar treatment, there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in K and Ca leaching by 40% and 26% respectively from sandy loam, and of Ca by 23% from the red clay loam. Soil water holding capacity and soil organic carbon were also increased in both biochar treated soils. After 12 weeks of growth, shoot weight was signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher in 25 t/ha biochar-treated sandy loam and red clay loam (32% and 31% respectively). These results clearly demonstrated that a higher yield of capsicum can be achieved from green waste biochar application in sandy loam and red clay loam at 25 t/ha biochar.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7221 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.86-90

scholarly journals Design, Construct and Evaluation of a Single Row Hand-Pushed Mechanical Weed Control Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
A. Saleh ◽  
M.L. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Control Machine

Weed control is one of the major problems in crop and vegetable production in Nigeria. Most of the peasant farmers use manual weeders in their cultivation, a process that is costly, labour intensive and time consuming. The process does not also give the farmer adequate returns to enable him breakeven. It is, therefore, necessary to design a weeding equipment which minimize the human effort and provide efficient work output for the peasant farmer. This study focus on designing, construction and evaluation of a hand-pushed weed control machine that would eliminate the challenges being faced by the farmer in weeding. Materials selected to suit the construction of the weeder are durable and locally available, easily replaced if damaged and at affordable cost. They include mild steel (3mm, 5mm), 30 mm circular (hollow) pipes, 10 mm diameter steel rod, and 40 cm pneumatic tyre. The developed weeding machine was evaluated in the experimental farm of IAR with impressive results. It works well in sandy loam soil of about 25.65% moisture content and requires less labour force compared to the manual hoe. It has about 84.7% weeding efficiency, 0.0129ha/hr effectivefield capacity, 0.019ha/hr theoretical field capacity and 68% field efficiency. The average cost of the weeding is N21, 000:00. Keywords: Manual weeding, hand-pushed weeder, weeding efficiency, field efficiency

scholarly journals Annual White Grub Control on a Golf Course Fairway Using Subsurface and Conventional Application Methods, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
F. P. Baxendale ◽  
A. P. Weinhold ◽  
K. Von Bargen ◽  
R. D. Grisso
Keyword(s):  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course fairway. The turf (100% Kentucky bluegrass) was maintained at a mowing height of 5/s inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.5 to 0.75 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0. Soil moisture was maintained at approximately 17% by weight, throughout the study. Plots were 40 inches × 15 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 23 Aug 1994 using either a Cushman prototype subsurface applicator designed to place insecticide granular treatments at the soil-thatch interface (avg depth 0.75 inches), or a Gandy 24H12 drop spreader. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment precipitation totaled 0.42 inches. Treatments were evaluated 21 DAT on 13 Sep by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs. Pretreatment counts indicated 10-40 SMC/ft2 with 80-90% in the third instar stage in the test area.

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