NH3 volatilization, soil concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Martin H. Chantigny ◽  
Marc-Olivier Gasser ◽  
J. Douglas MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Main Factor

Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., Chantigny, M. H., Gasser, M.-O., MacDonald, J. D., Pelster, D. E. and Bertrand, N. 2013. NH 3 volatilization, soil [Formula: see text] concentration and soil pH following subsurface banding of urea at increasing rates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 261–268. Subsurface banding of urea can result in large ammonia (NH3) emissions following a local increase in soil ammonium ([Formula: see text]) concentration and pH. We conducted a field experiment to determine how application rates of subsurface banded urea impact NH3 volatilization. Urea was banded at a 5 cm depth to a silty loam soil (pH=5.5) at rates of 0, 6.1, 9.2, 13.3 and 15.3 g N m−1. Ammonia volatilization (wind tunnels), and soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH (0–10 cm) were monitored for 25 d following urea application. Volatilization losses increased exponentially with urea application rate to 11.6% of applied N for the highest urea rate, indicating that as more urea N was added to the soil a larger fraction was lost as NH3. Cumulative NH3-N emissions were closely related (R 2≥0.85) to maximum increases in soil [Formula: see text] concentration and pH, and their combined influence likely contributed to the nonlinearity of the volatilization response to urea application rate. However, the rapid increase in NH3 losses when soil pH rose above 7 suggests that soil pH was the main factor explaining the nonlinear response of NH3 volatilization. When compared with previous studies, our results suggest that the response of NH3 volatilization losses to urea application rate in acidic soils are controlled by similar factors whether urea is broadcasted at the soil surface or subsurface banded.

scholarly journals Short Communication:Laboratory assessment of ammonia volatilization from pig slurries applied on intact soil cores from till and no-till plots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e11SC01
Author(s):  
Stefania C. Maris ◽  
Angela D. Bosch-Serra ◽  
M.-Rosa Teira-Esmatges ◽  
Francesc Domingo-Olivé ◽  
Elena González-Llinàs
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Till ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Measurements

Aim of study: Agricultural activities are the main source of volatilized ammonia (NH3). Maximum rates are reached within a few hours after slurry application. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of soil texture, tillage and slurry dry matter (DM) on NH3 volatilization.Area of study: Mediterranean semiarid environments (NE Spain).Material and methods: Ammonia volatilization from pig slurry directly applied on the soil surface was quantified in the laboratory, in soil samples from two experimental sites with different soil textures: silty loam and sandy loam. Field treatments consisted of two tillage management practices: till by disc-harrowing or no-till. At topdressing (cereal tillering), tillage treatments were combined with slurries of different DM contents applied onto the silty loam soil. Measurements were done for two cereal cropping seasons and during the period of maximum NH3 flux (12 h after slurry application). A photoacoustic analyzer was used.Main results: Slurry spreading at sowing resulted in low volatilization (0.7-9% of NH4+-N applied) as it also did at topdressing (0.3-1.4% of NH4+-N applied). At sowing, ammonia volatilization from high DM slurry (>7.5%) was significantly enhanced by no-till in both soils. At topdressing, this result was also found in records on silty loam soil. No differences were found between tillage systems when slurry of low DM content was applied, whatever the soil texture and application moment. Although NH3 volatilization was probably affected by the laboratory conditions, the comparisons between treatments were still valuable.Research highlights: Ammonia volatilization abatement can be improved (<1 kg NH3-N ha-1) if fertilization is done after crop establishment using low DM slurries (<3.5%).

scholarly journals Mobility, Degradation, and Uptake of Indaziflam under Greenhouse Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221
Author(s):  
Amir M. González-Delgado ◽  
Manoj K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Homogeneous Porous Media ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Irrigation Volume

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the leaching, degradation, uptake, and mass balance of indaziflam, as well as its potential to produce phytotoxicity effects on young pecan trees. Pecan trees were planted in pots with homogeneous porous media (sandy loam soil), preferential flow channels open to the soil surface, and shallow tillage at the soil surface. Pots were treated with indaziflam at two application rates of 25 and 50 g a.i./ha in 2014 and 2015. Each pecan tree was irrigated with 7 L of water every 2 weeks during the growing season. An irrigation volume of 2 L was used to maximize indaziflam retention time in the soil from Dec. 2015 until the end of the trees’ dormant stage. In 2014, leachate samples were collected after each irrigation for quantifying indaziflam mobility. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 to 12 and 12 to 24 cm after 45, 90, and 135 days of indaziflam application, and leaf samples were collected at the end of the growing season to quantify mobility and uptake. Indaziflam was detected in leachate samples, and the leaf indaziflam content increased with increasing application rate. Indaziflam and its breakdown products were detected at both sampling depths. Mass recovery and half-life values for indaziflam in the soil ranged from 38% to 68% and 63 to 99 days, respectively. No phytotoxicity effects were observed from increasing application rate and retention time of indaziflam in the soil. Most of the applied indaziflam was retained in the soil at shallow depth.

Plant Growth Response to the Phytotoxin Viridiol Produced by the FungusGliocladium virens

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Jones ◽  
W. Thomas Lanini ◽  
Joseph G. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Shoot Weight

Gliocladium virens, when grown on peat moss amended with sucrose and ammonium nitrate and then applied to soil, resulted in root necrosis. Herbicidal activity was correlated with fungal production of the phytotoxin viridiol. Viridiol had a wide spectrum of activity; it was particularly effective against annual composite species but was less effective in monocot control. Emergence of most weeds was reduced >90% at application rates of 8.7% (of total volume) or less. Treated seedling dry weights were drastically reduced. Applications of 4.5% reduced root and shoot weight of redroot pigweed by 93 and 98%, respectively. Crops were affected at higher treatment levels; however, the toxicity was readily avoided by applying the mycoherbicide out of the root zone of the crop, instead applying it between the seed and the soil surface. Viridiol production, which confers herbicidal activity, was detected 3 days after incorporation of the fungus-peat mixture. Viridiol production peaked on days 5 and 6 at approximately 25 μg viridiol/100 ml soil, based upon an application rate of 11%, then declined to undetectable levels by the end of 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Coal char affects soil pH to reduce ammonia volatilization from sandy loam soil

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Panday ◽  
Maysoon M. Mikha ◽  
Bijesh Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Coal Char ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Applying Wollastonite to Soil to Adjust pH and Suppress Powdery Mildew on Pumpkin

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-820
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Arend-Jan Both ◽  
Christian A. Wyenandt ◽  
Edward F. Durner ◽  
Joseph R. Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Erysiphe Cichoracearum ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Optimum Application ◽  
Cucurbit Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Although not considered an essential nutrient, silicon (Si) can be beneficial to plants. Si accumulator species such as pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. pepo) can absorb Si from soil. Si uptake may reduce plant susceptibility to fungal diseases such as cucurbit powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii and Erysiphe cichoracearum). We previously reported that wollastonite, an Organic Materials Reviews Institute–approved natural mineral, can increase soil Si level, increase soil pH, provide pumpkin plants with Si, and increase their resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we examined the optimum application rate of wollastonite for pumpkins grown in pots and exposed to cucurbit powdery mildew. We confirmed that wollastonite has liming capabilities similar to regular limestone. Regardless of the application rates, wollastonite and limestone showed similar effects on soil chemistry and plant mineral composition. Pumpkin plants grown with the lower doses of wollastonite amendments (3.13 and 6.25 tons/acre) had the greatest tissue Si concentrations and demonstrated the greatest disease resistance. We conclude that wollastonite is a useful material for organic cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) growers who want to increase soil pH and improve plant resistance to powdery mildew at the same time. Applying wollastonite at rates beyond the amount required to achieve a desirable soil pH for pumpkin production did not further increase Si uptake, nor did it further suppress powdery mildew development.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Properties of Soil Amended with Pecan Wood Chips

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed B. Tahboub ◽  
William C. Lindemann ◽  
Leigh Murray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Application Rates

The pruning wood of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is often burned. Chipping and soil incorporation of pruning wood is becoming more popular as a result of environmental constraints on burning. The objective of our research was to determine how pecan wood incorporation into soil affects the soil chemical and physical properties. Pecan wood chips were incorporated into a silty clay soil at rates of 0, 4484, 8968, 13,452, and 17,936 kg·ha−1 in Summer 2002, 2003, and 2004. Some plots received nitrogen at a rate of 0, 15.2, 30.5, 45.7, and 61.0 kg·ha−1 to adjust the C : N ratio of trimmings to 30 : 1. Ammonium sulfate, as a nitrogen source to balance the C : N ratio of pecan wood chips, reduced soil pH. However, the wood chip amendments alone did not reduce soil pH. Soil salinity (as determined by electrical conductivity) and bulk density were unaffected by wood chip incorporation regardless of application rate or number of applications. Incorporation of pecan chips had little effect on soil moisture content, but the soil had an inherently high waterholding capacity. Pecan wood chip incorporation significantly increased soil organic matter content and aggregate stability, particularly at the higher application rates and with repeated amendment. The incorporation of pecan pruning wood into the soil appears to improve soil tilth and aggregation while providing growers with an environmentally acceptable means of disposal.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Four Formulations of Halofenozide (A Growth Regulator) Against European Chafer Larvae on a Home Lawn, 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-356
Author(s):  
P. J. Vittum ◽  
M. Tiskus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Four formulations of halofenozide (RH-0345) were tested for efficacy against European chafer larvae on a home iawn at the Suburban Experiment Station, Waltham, MA. The lawn consisted of 30% crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), 30% perennial ryegrass, 20% Kentucky bluegrass, 20% dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.), and was mowed at ca. 1.5 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a CRB. All applications were made on 24 Jul. Granular products were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Liquid formulations were applied ay hand with a watering can using 3 liters of water per plot. Soil conditions at the study site at time of application were as follows: soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.2. All plots were watered in with 0.25 inch of irrigation through overhead irrigation within 15 minutes of application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 19 Sept (57 DAT) by removing 5 cup-cutter plugs (4.25-inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil and counting all grubs to a Jepth of 3 inches.

Effects of continuous nitrogen application on seed yield, yield components and nitrogen-use efficiency of Leymus chinensis in two different saline-sodic soils of Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Huang ◽  
Zhengwei Liang ◽  
Donald L. Suarez ◽  
Zhichun Wang ◽  
Mingming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates

The effect of nitrogen (N) application on seed yields and yield components in Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., a perennial rhizomatous grass, was measured in a field experiment with two saline-sodic soils at Da’an Sodic Land Experiment Station during 2010–11. Two grassland field sites were classified as moderately saline–sodic (MSSL) and severely saline–sodic (SSSL). Application rates of N at each site were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 kg ha–1. Application of N significantly improved seed yield mainly through increased spike number (R2 = 0.96, P ≤ 0.001). Compared with nil N, seed yield increased 7.4–10.9 times with N application of 150 kg ha–1 at MSSL, and 5.3–7.5 times with N application of 120 kg ha–1 at SSSL. However, absolute increases at SSSL were relatively small. Some significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in seed yield occurred between 2010 and 2011 with different N application rates in the same soil, and between MSSL and SSSL in the same year. Increasing N application rate significantly decreased N physiological efficiency (NPE) but increased N apparent-recovery fraction (NRF) and N partial-factor productivity (NPP) at both sites. Seed yield and NPP indicated that the optimal N application rates to increase yield were 150 kg ha–1 at MSSL and 120 kg ha–1 at SSSL. High soil pH was the major factor adversely impacting seed yield, and pH and soil salinity were major factors negative affecting NPE, NRF and NPP as well as decreasing the positive effect of N application. Nitrogen application is a practical and effective method to increase seed yield of L. chinensis in saline-sodic grasslands of Northeast China, particularly when soil pH and salinity are not limiting.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Efficacy of Dazomet for the Control of Annual Bluegrass Seed Germination in Renovated Turf Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Bravo ◽  
Thomas Okada Green ◽  
James R. Crum ◽  
John N. Rogers ◽  
Sasha Kravchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Trial Treatment ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Native Soils

The soil sterilant, dazomet, is the primary product in the turfgrass industry set to take the position of methyl bromide, which is no longer available for use on turfgrass. With turf surface renovations taking place throughout the country, the need for an effective soil sterilant is critical. This study focused on the ability of dazomet to inhibit germination of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seeds when it is used as per the current, turf focused, label which decreased legal application rates across all surfaces. This study was a four-way factorial in a split-split plot design with whole plots in a randomized complete block design arrangement with three replications. The first factor, soil type, included two levels. Soil-type plots (60 × 95 ft) were either sand capped from topdressing over the native Capac loam or they were the native Capac loam. Sand topdressing was applied biweekly at a rate of 0.14 yard3/1000 ft2, April to September since 2011; accumulating a total of 1.5 inches of sand. Each of three replicated blocks consisted of two soil-type plots. The second factor was time trials, with two levels of starting times, June and August. Each soil-type plot was split into two subplots and the trials were assigned at random to subplots within each plot. The third factor, soil preparation, involved either removing the upper 1.5 inches of the sod/soil layer or spraying plots with glyphosate and then heavily cultivating them. This cultivation included a vertical-cut and a core cultivation with an aerator using 0.5-inch hollow tines at 2 × 2-inch spacing. The fourth factor, treatment regime, comprised 11 parameters that encompassed dazomet application rate, incorporation method, and the technique used to seal the soil surface. Dazomet treatments were applied with a shaker bottle, at rates that included 262, 421, 525, and 262 lb/acre applied twice at a 5-day interval. The treatments were incorporated into the soil either through 1 inch of irrigation, through four consecutive days of irrigation following this schedule: 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 inch each day after application, respectively, or physically (P) with a rotary tiller set to 1.5 inches, the depth of the topdressing layer. All P incorporated plots were hand rolled following application, regardless of the tarping procedure. Water-incorporated plots were either sealed with a clear plastic 4-mil tarp or they were left unsealed. Researchers evaluated the level of germination control by counting individual annual bluegrass seedlings using a 1 × 1-ft grid. A significant interaction occurred between soil type and soil preparation as well as between soil type and treatment. A three-way interaction also occurred between trial, treatment and soil preparation. In general, tarped treatments showed better annual bluegrass control compared with nontarped treatments. Furthermore, sand topdressed soils showed lower numbers of annual bluegrass as compared with native soils. Finally, reduced annual bluegrass germination was found in plots that had the top 1.5 inches of material removed.

scholarly journals Potato Phosphorus Response in Soils with High Value of Phosphorus

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jasim ◽  
Lakesh K. Sharma ◽  
Ahmed Zaeen ◽  
Sukhwinder K. Bali ◽  
Aaron Buzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application

Phosphorus (P) is an element that is potatoes require in large amounts. Soil pH is a crucial factor impacting phosphorus availability in potato production. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of P application rates on the P efficiency for tuber yield, specific gravity, and P uptake. Additionally, the relationship between soil pH and total potato tuber yield was determined. Six rates of P fertilization (0–280 kg P ha−1) were applied at twelve different sites across Northern Maine. Yield parameters were not responsive to P application rates. However, regression analysis showed that soil pH was significantly correlated with total potato tuber yield(R2 = 0.38). Sites with soil pH values < 6 had total tuber yields, marketable tuber yields, tuber numbers per plant, and total tuber mean weights that were all higher than these same parameters at sites with soil pH ≥ 6. All sites with soil pH< 6 showed a highly correlated relationship between P uptake and petiole dry weight (R2 = 0.76). The P application rate of 56 kg P ha−1 was the best at sites with a soil pH < 6, but 0–56 kg P ha−1 was the best at sites with soil pH ≥ 6.

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