Nitrous oxide emissions and soil mineral nitrogen status following application of hog slurry and inorganic fertilisers to acidic soils under forage grass

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Mkhabela ◽  
R. Gordon ◽  
D. Burton ◽  
A. Madani ◽  
W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inorganic Fertilisers

Field application of livestock slurry often results in higher nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions than inorganic fertiliser, because slurry contains large amounts of available N and C, and when applied it increases soil water content, thus enhancing denitrification. This study evaluated the impact of hog (Sus scrofa) slurry and inorganic fertilisers on N2O emissions and soil inorganic N. Three short-term (3 wk) field experiments were conducted during summer 2005 on two contrasting acidic soils seeded to forage grass. Treatments included hog slurry (Slurry) at 126 kg N ha-1, potassium nitrate (Nitrate) at 120 kg N ha-1, ammonium sulphate (Ammonium) at 120 kg N ha-1, Carbon (Dextrose) at 500 kg ha-1 and an unamended control (Control). Potassium nitrate increased (P< 0.05) cumulative N2O losses compared with the other treatments. Emissions of N2O from Slurry and Ammonium were similar, but higher than from Dextrose and Control, which were similar. Soil NH4+-N contents for Slurry and Ammonium treatments were generally similar but higher than for the other treatments, particularly during the first and second sampling dates. Soil NO3−-N contents, meanwhile, were higher with the Nitrate treatment compared with the other treatments, especially at the first sampling date. These results imply that N2O production in these acid soils was limited by NO3-availability. Therefore, N2O emissions from these soils can be minimised by using ammonium-based fertilisers including hog slurry rather than nitrate-based fertilisers. Key words: Acidic soils, hog slurry, mineral fertiliser, soil nitrogen, N2O emissions

scholarly journals Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions with nitrification inhibitors in temperate vegetable cropping in southern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Riches ◽  
S. W. Mattner ◽  
R. Davies ◽  
I. J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Inorganic Fertilisers

Intensive vegetable production in southern Australia is characterised by high inputs of nitrogen (N) fertiliser, water, and occasionally animal manures, which creates the potential for high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Three field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the nitrification inhibitors 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 3-methyl pyrazole plus 1H-1,2,4 triazole (3MP+TZ), and dicyandiamide (DCD) on N2O emissions and yields in broccoli (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) crops in southern Australia. The inhibitor treatments on fertilisers and poultry manure were compared with standard commercial practice for vegetable crops in this region, and N2O emissions were measured using manual chambers through to harvest. Daily fluxes ranged from 0.81gN2O-Nha–1day–1 for untreated soil to 11.65gN2O-Nha–1day–1 for manure treated soil. Extrapolation of these results translate to annual emissions of 0.30kgN2O-Nha–1year–1 to 4.24kgN2O-Nha–1year–1, respectively. Cumulative soil N2O fluxes from the manure treatments were ~4-fold greater than the standard inorganic fertiliser program for a given crop. Nitrous oxide direct emission factors were in the range 0.02–0.16% for inorganic fertilisers and from 0.19% to 0.43% for poultry manure. The greatest decrease in N2O emissions occurred when DMPP or a combination of 3MP+TZ were added to poultry manure (62% and 66% decrease, respectively). Decreases in N2O emissions from nitrification inhibitors were smaller and less consistent when used with inorganic fertilisers, but DMPP decreased emissions in two out of three trials, with a maximum decrease of 32% observed in the broccoli trial. DCD proved ineffective for mitigating N2O emissions in all trials.

scholarly journals The impact of coal combustion, nitrous oxide emissions, and traffic emissions on COVID-19 cases: a Markov-switching approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid Anser ◽  
Danish Iqbal Godil ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Khan ◽  
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani ◽  
Khalid Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Markov Switching ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Assessment of the impact of various mitigation options on nitrous oxide emissions caused by the agricultural sector in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kros ◽  
Wim de Vries ◽  
Gert Jan Reinds ◽  
Jan Peter Lesschen ◽  
Gerard L. Velthof
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential Contribution of Pfumvudza Towards Climate Smart Agriculture in Zimbabwe: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Never Mujere
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
The Impact

Concerns of food and environmental security have increased enormously in recent years due to the vagaries of climate change and variability. Efforts to promote food security and environmental sustainability often reinforce each other and enable farmers to adapt to and mitigate the impact of climate change and other stresses. Some of these efforts are based on appropriate technologies and practices that restore natural ecosystems and improve the resilience of farming systems, thus enhancing food security. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) principles, for example, translate into a number of locally-devised and applied practices that work simultaneously through contextualised crop-soil-water-nutrient-pest-ecosystem management at a variety of scales. The purpose of this paper is to review concisely the current state-of-the-art literature and ascertain the potential of the Pfumvudza concept to enhance household food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation as it is promoted in Zimbabwe. The study relied heavily on data from print and electronic media. Datasets pertaining to carbon, nitrous oxide and methane storage in soils and crop yield under zero tillage and conventional tillage were compiled. Findings show that, compared to conventional farming, Pfumvudza has great potential to contribute towards household food security and reducing carbon emissions if implemented following the stipulated recommendations. These include among others, adequate land preparation and timely planting and acquiring inputs. However, nitrous oxide emissions tend to increase with reduced tillage and, the use of artificial fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides is environmentally unfriendly.

scholarly journals Quantifying N2O emissions from intensive grassland production: the role of synthetic fertilizer type, application rate, timing and nitrification inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. BELL ◽  
J. M. CLOY ◽  
C. F. E. TOPP ◽  
B. C. BALL ◽  
A. BAGNALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ipcc Default

SUMMARYIncreasing recognition of the extent to which nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to climate change has resulted in greater demand to improve quantification of N2O emissions, identify emission sources and suggest mitigation options. Agriculture is by far the largest source and grasslands, occupying c. 0·22 of European agricultural land, are a major land-use within this sector. The application of mineral fertilizers to optimize pasture yields is a major source of N2O and with increasing pressure to increase agricultural productivity, options to quantify and reduce emissions whilst maintaining sufficient grassland for a given intensity of production are required. Identification of the source and extent of emissions will help to improve reporting in national inventories, with the most common approach using the IPCC emission factor (EF) default, where 0·01 of added nitrogen fertilizer is assumed to be emitted directly as N2O. The current experiment aimed to establish the suitability of applying this EF to fertilized Scottish grasslands and to identify variation in the EF depending on the application rate of ammonium nitrate (AN). Mitigation options to reduce N2O emissions were also investigated, including the use of urea fertilizer in place of AN, addition of a nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and application of AN in smaller, more frequent doses. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from a cut grassland in south-west Scotland from March 2011 to March 2012. Grass yield was also measured to establish the impact of mitigation options on grass production, along with soil and environmental variables to improve understanding of the controls on N2O emissions. A monotonic increase in annual cumulative N2O emissions was observed with increasing AN application rate. Emission factors ranging from 1·06–1·34% were measured for AN application rates between 80 and 320 kg N/ha, with a mean of 1·19%. A lack of any significant difference between these EFs indicates that use of a uniform EF is suitable over these application rates. The mean EF of 1·19% exceeds the IPCC default 1%, suggesting that use of the default value may underestimate emissions of AN-fertilizer-induced N2O loss from Scottish grasslands. The increase in emissions beyond an application rate of 320 kg N/ha produced an EF of 1·74%, significantly different to that from lower application rates and much greater than the 1% default. An EF of 0·89% for urea fertilizer and 0·59% for urea with DCD suggests that N2O quantification using the IPCC default EF will overestimate emissions for grasslands where these fertilizers are applied. Large rainfall shortly after fertilizer application appears to be the main trigger for N2O emissions, thus applicability of the 1% EF could vary and depend on the weather conditions at the time of fertilizer application.

Soil nitrous oxide emissions associated with conversion of forage grass to annual crop receiving annual application of pig manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-433
Author(s):  
Mayowa Adelekun ◽  
Olalekan Akinremi ◽  
Mario Tenuta ◽  
Paligwendé Nikièma
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Annual Crop ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Change Mitigation

The disruptive land-use change during forage grass conversion to annual crop can be critical for determining nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but this is an understudied period. We measured soil N2O fluxes (using closed static vented chambers) together with potential environmental drivers of these fluxes from liquid pig manure (LPM) and solid pig manure (SPM) applied to an annual crop (ANN) and perennial forages (FPP) that was converted to annual crop. Unamended plots were used as a control (CON). The results showed that in 2013, average soil nitrate-N was significantly higher on the recently converted FPP (ranging from 19 to 83 mg N kg−1) than the continuous ANN plots (from 16 to 35 mg N kg−1). The recently converted perennial forage system produced three times greater N2O than the continuous annual system, which is likely a result of accelerated N mineralization from the accumulated soil organic matter (over 4 yr) and grass residues of the recently killed forage grasses. However, during the second year of the study when the FPP plots were reseeded to perennial grasses, the system emitted 30% less N2O than the ANN system. These results suggest that including perennial forage grass in rotation with annual crops can provide N-saving and climate change mitigation benefits; however, some of the N stored in the soil would be lost when the perennial grass plots are cultivated to grow annual crops.

Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from two acidic soils of Nova Scotia fertilised with liquid hog manure mixed with or without dicyandiamide

Chemosphere ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Mkhabela ◽  
R. Gordon ◽  
D. Burton ◽  
A. Madani ◽  
W. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Hog Manure

The Impact of Post Anoxic Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on nitrous Oxide Emissions in Nitrification Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (9) ◽  
pp. 6494-6499
Author(s):  
Muriel Dumit ◽  
Jordi Gabarró ◽  
Sudhir Murthy ◽  
Rumana Riffat ◽  
Bernhard Wett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations
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