Nitrous oxide emissions from denitrification and the partitioning of gaseous losses as affected by nitrate and carbon addition and soil aeration

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Gillam ◽  
B J Zebarth ◽  
D L Burton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Key Words Denitrification

National inventories of N2O emissions from agricultural situations are being developed; however, the factors controlling such emissions may vary with soil and environmental conditions and management practices. This study determined the relative importance of soil aeration, as measured by water-filled pore space (WFPS), NO3− addition, C addition and C source on the amount and partitioning of gaseous N losses from denitrification from an arable soil in Atlantic Canada. Denitrification (N2O + N2) and N2O emissions were measured on repacked soil cores using acetylene inhibition.The N2O:(N2O + N2) ratio was frequently 0.7 or higher, indicating that most emissions occurred as N2O. N2O emissions and denitrification were negligible at a WFPS of 0.45 m3 m-3, and high at WFPS of 0.75 m3 m-3, regardless of NO3−or C addition treatments. At a WFPS of 0.60 m3 m-3, N2O emissions and denitrification were low and were increased by both NO3− and C addition treatments. Carbon source was investigated by amendment with glucose, red clover or barley straw. Based on the quantity of soil respiration per unit of C added in the amendment, C in the red clover and barley straw was estimated to be 48 and 28% as available as glucose C. When corrected for C availability, cumulative N2O emissions averaged 0.010, 0.011 and 0.002 mg N kg-1 soil, and cumulative denitrification averaged 0.014, 0.014 and 0.003 mg N kg-1 soil, for each 1.0 mg C kg-1 soil of available C added as glucose, red clover or barley straw, respectively. NO3− addition had no effect on denitrification, but increased N2O emissions, especially where C availability was high. The amount of denitrification was controlled primarily by soil O2 supply, as controlled by WFPS and C availability. The N2O:(N2O + N2) ratio was generally high in cases where the supply of O2 or NO3− was sufficient to meet the demand for terminal electron acceptors. Key words: Denitrification, nitrous oxide, glucose, red clover, barley straw, carbon availability, terminal electron acceptor, aeration

Nitrous oxide emissions from red clover and winter wheat residues depend on interacting effects of distribution, soil N availability and moisture level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi ◽  
Baldur Janz ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil N Availability

The effectiveness of dicyandiamide in reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop in Southland, New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Smith ◽  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. M. Monaghan ◽  
W. D. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing

A study was conducted in Southland, New Zealand to: (i) measure nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3–-N) leaching losses from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop; and (ii) quantify the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) in reducing these losses. Drainage losses were measured for 12 months (December 2005–November 2006) from a December-sown kale crop using 12 hydrologically isolated drainage plots at the Woodlands Research Station. N2O emissions were measured for 6 months (June–November) following simulated grazing of the crop in mid-June. N2O emissions from the bare ground following grazing of the crop amounted to 3.6 kg nitrogen (N)/ha for the winter–spring period. This figure is higher than that measured for pasture on the same soil type over a similar period. DCD application significantly reduced N2O emissions for the whole crop area by 25% over this period and reduced the N2O emission factor for urine by 54%. DCD application increased the length of time mineral N (0–10 cm soil depth) was maintained in the ammonium form and significantly reduced soil NO3–-N levels for 6 weeks following the simulated grazing. Annual NO3–-N losses in drainage under this winter forage crop were relatively high at 79 kg N/ha.year, with the majority of this (67%) being lost over the wet summer months (December–January rainfall 434 mm or 200% of normal) during crop growth. The application of DCD following the grazing resulted in a 47% decrease in NO3–-N leached over the winter–spring period (26 kg N/ha v. 14 kg N/ha) with this equating to a 29% decrease over the full 12-month measurement period. This study suggested that winter forage crops are major contributors to N losses from livestock farming systems in Southland and that DCD application following the grazing of such crops by cattle can significantly reduce N2O emissions and leaching N losses.

Soil nitrous oxide emissions under different management practices in the semiarid region of the Argentinian Pampas

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Alvarez ◽  
Alejandro Costantini ◽  
Carina R. Alvarez ◽  
Bruno J. R. Alves ◽  
Claudia P. Jantalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Semiarid Region

scholarly journals Global soil nitrous oxide emissions in a dynamic carbon–nitrogen model

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3101-3143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Huang ◽  
S. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Moisture Regime

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that also contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. With high temporal and spatial heterogeneity, a quantitative understanding of terrestrial N2O emission, its variabilities and reponses to climate change is challenging. We added a soil N2O emission module to the dynamic global land model LM3V-N, and tested its sensitivity to soil moisture regime and responses to elevated CO2 and temperature. The model was capable of reproducing the average of cross-site observed annual mean emissions, although differences remained across individual sites if stand-level measurements were representative of gridcell emissions. Modelled N2O fluxes were highly sensitive to water filled pore space (WFPS), with a global sensitivity of approximately 0.25 Tg N year−1 per 0.01 change in WFPS. We found that the global response of N2O emission to CO2 fertilization was largely determined by the response of tropical emissions, whereas the extratropical response was weaker and different, highlighting the need to expand field studies in tropical ecosystems. Warming generally enhanced N2O efflux, and the enhancement was greatly dampened when combined with elevated CO2, although CO2 alone had a small effect. Our analysis suggests caution when extrapolation from current field CO2 enrichment and warming studies to the global scale.

scholarly journals Soil Management Practices to Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Inform Emission Factors in Arid Irrigated Specialty Crop Systems

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu-Barker ◽  
Mark Easter ◽  
Amy Swan ◽  
Mary Carlson ◽  
Lucas Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from arid irrigated agricultural soil in California have been predicted to represent 8% of the state’s total GHG emissions. Although specialty crops compose the majority of the state’s crops in both economic value and land area, the portion of GHG emissions contributed by them is still highly uncertain. Current and emerging soil management practices affect the mitigation of those emissions. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on GHG nitrous oxide emissions. As such studies from most major specialty crop systems in California are limited, we focus on two annual and two perennial crops with the most data from the state: tomato, lettuce, wine grapes and almond. Nitrous oxide emission factors were developed and compared to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors, and state-wide emissions for these four crops were calculated for specific soil management practices. Dependent on crop systems and specific management practices, the emission factors developed in this study were either higher, lower or comparable to IPCC emission factors. Uncertainties caused by low gas sampling frequency in these studies were identified and discussed. These uncertainties can be remediated by robust and standardized estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from changes in soil management practices in California specialty crop systems. Promising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and meet crop production goals, pertinent gaps in knowledge on this topic and limitations of this approach are discussed.

Low seasonal nitrous oxide emissions in tea tree farming systems following nitrogen fertilisation using poultry litter application or green manure legumes

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Lee J. Kearney ◽  
Stephen Morris ◽  
Lukas Van Zwieten
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Legume Crops

The integration of legumes into coppiced tree crop systems to replace some or all of the external nitrogen (N) fertiliser requirements may be one means to lower seasonal nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We investigated soil N2O emissions using static chamber methodology in field trials located within two commercial tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) plantations (Casino and Tweed Heads) where N (116 and 132 kg N ha–1 respectively) was supplied via poultry litter application (5 t wet ha–1) or by termination of annual legumes (soybean or mung bean) grown in the inter-row. While there was no treatment effect at the Tweed Heads site, both legume treatments had significantly (P = 0.01) lower cumulative N2O emissions (0.33 and 0.30 kg N2O-N ha–1 season–1 for soybean and mung beans respectively) than the poultry litter treatment (0.66 kg N2O-N ha–1 season–1) at the Casino site. However, the amount of N added to soils in each treatment was not identical owing to an inability to accurately predict N inputs by legume crops, and thus differences could not be attributed to the N source. A third site was thus established at Leeville comparing N2O emissions from poultry litter amendment (5 t wet ha–1 contributing 161 kg N ha–1) to an inter-row faba bean crop (contributing 92 kg N ha–1) and a nil-N control. Cumulative seasonal N2O emissions were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the faba bean treatment than the poultry litter treatment (0.08 and 0.23 kg N2O-N ha–1 season–1 respectively), but owing to different N inputs and generally low emissions, it was not possible to draw definitive conclusions on whether green manure legume crops can lower N2O emissions. Overall, soil N2O emissions in coppiced tea tree systems under current management practices were very low, offering limited potential to reduce seasonal N2O emissions through management practice change.

Nitrous oxide emissions from applied nitrate fertiliser in commercial cherry orchards

Soil Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
P. Quin ◽  
N. Swarts ◽  
G. Oliver ◽  
S. Paterson ◽  
J. Friedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Post Harvest

The application of nitrate (NO3–) fertiliser is important worldwide in providing nitrogen (N) nutrition to perennial fruit trees. There is little information available on N losses to the environment from commercial cherry orchards, in relation to different timings of NO3– application. The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) gas is an important greenhouse gas loss from NO3– application, being responsible for 6% of anthropogenic global warming and a catalyst for depletion of stratospheric ozone. In a commercial sweet-cherry orchard in southern Tasmania, we applied 373 g NO3–-N m–2 (equivalent to 90 kg NO3–-N ha–1) either pre- or post-harvest, or equally split between the two, to study the resultant N2O emissions. Emissions averaged 8.37 mg N2O-N m–2 day–1 during the pre-harvest period, primarily driven by a heavy rainfall event, and were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the average 4.88 × 10–1 mg N2O-N m–2 day–1 from post-harvest NO3– application. Discounting the emissions related to the rainfall event, the resultant average 1.88 mg N2O-N m–2 day–1 for the rest of the pre-harvest emissions remained significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those post-harvest. Ongoing studies will help to build on these results and efforts to minimise N2O emissions in perennial tree cropping systems.

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