Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. I. Seed germination and seedling vigor

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grass ◽  
J. S. Burris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Two wheat cultivars, Marzak and Oum-rabia, were subjected to three temperature regimes (20/15, 28/21, 36/29 °C) beginning 10 d after anthesis to maturity. As expected, high temperature resulted in low values of both seed yield and physical traits of seed quality. The effect of temperature on seed germination was not consistent among the two cultivars. High temperature during seed development and maturity had no effect on seed germination of Oum-rabia, whereas it decreased seed germination of Marzak. In contrast to seed germination, seed vigor was adversely affected by heat stress. This decline in seed vigor was reflected in reduced shoot and root dry weight, increased shoot/root ratio, reduced root length, low root number per seedling, and high seed conductivity. Excised embryo culture showed marked differences in the embryo growth potential. Although embryos from all treatments had germinated, a delay of 24–48 h was observed in the germination of embryos excised from seeds grown under high temperature conditions. Also, their shoot and radicle development over time lagged behind that of embryos isolated from seeds grown under cool temperature conditions. Exposing seeds to high temperature during development and maturity also resulted in low embryo oxygen uptake. Results presented in this study show that the growing conditions, in this instance temperature, of the parent plant affect the quality of its seed. Key words: Embryo, germination, oxygen uptake, vigor, wheat, high temperature

scholarly journals Spermidine Induces Expression of Stress Associated Proteins (SAPs) Genes and Protects Rice Seed from Heat Stress-Induced Damage during Grain-Filling

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Yuying Fu ◽  
Qingshan Mou ◽  
Jianyu An ◽  
Xiaobo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Heat stress during seed maturation significantly reduced seed size and quality. Polyamines, especially spermidine (Spd), were reported to be closely related to seed development and plant heat tolerance. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) also played a critical role in plant heat resistance, but the relationship between Spd and SAPs in improving rice tolerance to heat stress during grain filling has not been reported. Our results showed that the external spraying Spd (1.5 mM) significantly increased seed germination rate, germination index, vigor index and 1000-grain weight, significantly increased endogenous Spd, spermine (Spm) content and peroxidase activity; significantly reduced MDA content; and greatly alleviated the impact of heat stress on rice seed quality during grain filling stage as compared with high temperature control. OsSAP5 was the most upregulated expression induced by Spd, and may be mainly involved in the Spd-mediated enhancement of high-temperature resistance during rice seed development. Overexpression of OsSAP5 in Arabidopsis enhanced 1000-grain weight and seed heat resistance. Exogenous Spd alleviated the survival rate and seedling length, reduced MDA content, and upregulated the expression levels of SPDS and SPMS in Atsap4 mutant under high temperature during seed germination. In all, exogenous Spd alleviated the heat damage on seed quality during the grain filling stage and seed germination stage by improving endogenous Spd and Spm. OsSAP5, a key gene induced by Spd, might be involved in the rice heat resistance and seed quality in coordination with Spd and Spm.

Heat stress during seed development affects forage brassica (Brassica napus L.) seed quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rashid ◽  
J. G. Hampton ◽  
M. P. Rolston ◽  
K. M. Khan ◽  
D. J. Saville
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Untangling the Influence of Heat Stress on Crop Phenology, Seed Set, Seed Weight, and Germination in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Lamichaney ◽  
Ashok K. Parihar ◽  
Kali K. Hazra ◽  
Girish P. Dixit ◽  
Pradip K. Katiyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The apparent climatic extremes affect the growth and developmental process of cool-season grain legumes, especially the high-temperature stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of high-temperature stress on crop phenology, seed set, and seed quality parameters, which are still uncertain in tropical environments. Therefore, a panel of 150 field pea genotypes, grouped as early (n = 88) and late (n = 62) maturing, were exposed to high-temperature environments following staggered sowing [normal sowing time or non-heat stress environment (NHSE); moderately late sowing (15 days after normal sowing) or heat stress environment-I (HSE-I); and very-late sowing (30 days after normal sowing) or HSE-II]. The average maximum temperature during flowering was about 22.5 ± 0.17°C for NHSE and increased to 25.9 ± 0.11°C and 30.6 ± 0.19°C in HSE-I and HSE-II, respectively. The average maximum temperature during the reproductive period (RP) (flowering to maturity) was in the order HSE-II (33.3 ± 0.03°C) > HSE-I (30.5 ± 0.10°C) > NHSE (27.3 ± 0.10°C). The high-temperature stress reduced the seed yield (24–60%) and seed germination (4–8%) with a prominent effect on long-duration genotypes. The maximum reduction in seed germination (>15%) was observed in HSE-II for genotypes with >115 days maturity duration, which was primarily attributed to higher ambient maximum temperature during the RP. Under HSEs, the reduction in the RP in early- and late-maturing genotypes was 13–23 and 18–33%, suggesting forced maturity for long-duration genotypes under late-sown conditions. The cumulative growing degree days at different crop stages had significant associations (p < 0.001) with seed germination in both early- and late-maturing genotypes; and the results further demonstrate that an extended vegetative period could enhance the 100-seed weight and seed germination. Reduction in seed set (7–14%) and 100-seed weight (6–16%) was observed under HSEs, particularly in HSE-II. The positive associations of 100-seed weight were observed with seed germination and germination rate in the late-maturing genotypes, whereas in early-maturing genotypes, a negative association was observed for 100-seed weight and germination rate. The GGE biplot analysis identified IPFD 11-5, Pant P-72, P-1544-1, and HUDP 11 as superior genotypes, as they possess an ability to produce more viable seeds under heat stress conditions. Such genotypes will be useful in developing field pea varieties for quality seed production under the high-temperature environments.

scholarly journals Testing of the functional garments with microencapsulated phase-change material in simulated high temperature conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Jovanovic ◽  
Predrag Stojisavljevic ◽  
Sveta Cvetanovic ◽  
Dusan Rajic ◽  
Radovan Karkalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Microencapsulated Phase Change Material ◽  
Change Material

An organic Phase Change Material (PCM) possesses the ability to absorb and release large quantity of latent heat during a phase change process over a certain temperature range. This paper presents results related to thermo-physiological efficiency of special underwear with organic PCM integrated in textile through microencapsulation process. The efficiency of PCM underwear was tested through physiological examinations in simulated high-temperature conditions, where test-subjects were voluntarily exposed to heat stress tests wearing NBC protective suit with PCM underwear (option "THERM") and without it (option "NoTHERM"). It can be concluded that wearing a PCM textile clothes under NBC protective suit, during physical activity in high-tempearture conditions, reduces sweating and alleviates heat stress manifested by increased core and skin temperature and heart rate values.

scholarly journals Effects of Purple Seed Stain on Seed Quality and Composition in Soybean

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Richard E. Turner ◽  
M. Wayne Ebelhar ◽  
Teresa Wilkerson ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Purple Seed Stain

Purple seed stain disease, caused by (Cercospora kukuchii), is a major concern in soybean (Glycine max (L.)) in Mississippi, USA, due to its effects on seed quality, reducing soybean seed grade and potential market price at elevators. Therefore, investigating the effects of purple seed stain (PSS) on seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (nutrition) is critical. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PSS on seed harvest index, seed germination, seed vigor, and seed composition components (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars). A field experiment was initiated in 2019 in Stoneville, MS, at the Delta Research and Extension Center (DREC) on a Commerce silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluventic Epiaquepts). Soybean variety Credenz 4748 LL was used. The results showed that infected (symptomatic) seed had a 5.5% greater Seed Index (based on 100 seed weight) when compared to non-infected (non-symptomatic, as control) seed. Non-infected seed had greater percent germination and seedling vigor when compared to infected seed. Germination was 30.9% greater and vigor was 58.3% greater in non-infected seed. Also, the results showed that infected seed with PSS had higher protein content and some amino acids. No changes in total oil and fatty acids. Sucrose and stachyose were lower in infected seed than in non-infected seed. The research showed that PSS impacted seed health and seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (protein, sugars, and some amino acids). Purple stained seed should be avoided when planting and should be managed properly as low germination is a potential risk. Planting population should be adjusted accordingly due to lack of germination and vigor if PSS is present. This research help growers for purple seed management, and scientists to further understand the potential negative impact on seed quality and nutrition. Further research is needed before conclusive recommendations are made.

scholarly journals Heat and cold stresses phenotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana calmodulin mutants: regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway under temperature stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisreen A. AL-Quraan ◽  
Robert D. Locy ◽  
Narendra K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gaba Shunt ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Plants have evolved mechanisms to cope with changes in surrounding temperatures. T-DNA insertions in seven calmodulin genes of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> were used to investigate the role of specific calmodulin isoforms in tolerance of plants to low and high temperature for seed germination, susceptibility to low and high temperature induced oxidative damage, and changes in the levels of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt metabolites in response to temperature stress. Exposure of wild type (WT) and <em>cam</em> mutant seeds at 4°C showed reduction in germination of <em>cam5-4</em> and <em>cam6-1</em> seeds. Exposure of cam seedlings to 42°C for 2 hr showed reduction in seed germination and survival of seedlings in <em>cam5-4</em> and <em>cam6-1</em> mutants compared to WT and other <em>cam</em> mutants. Oxidative damage by heat and cold stress measured as the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) was detected increased in root and shoot tissues of cam5- 4 and cam6-1. Oxidative damage by heat measured as the level of MDA was detected in root and shoot of most cam mutants with highest levels in <em>cam5-4</em> and <em>cam6-1</em>. Level of GABA shunt metabolites in seedlings were gradually increased after 1 hr and 3 hr with maximum level after 6 hr and 12 hr treatments at 4ºC. GABA shunt metabolites in both root and shoot were generally elevated after 30 min and 1 hr treatment at 42°C, and increased substantially after 2 hr at 42°C comparing to the control (no treatment). GABA and glutamate levels were increased significantly more than alanine in root and shoot tissues of all cam mutants and wild type compared to the control. Alanine levels showed significant decreases in all cam mutants and in WT for 30 and 60 min of heat stress. Sensitivity of <em>cam5-4 </em>and <em>cam6-1</em> to low temperatures suggests a role of the <em>CAM5</em> and <em>CAM6</em> genes in seed germination and protection against cold induced oxidative damage. Increases in the level of GABA shunt metabolites in response to cold treatment after initial reduction in some cam mutants suggests a role for calmodulin protein (<em>cam</em>) in the activation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) after exposure to cold, while increased metabolite levels may indicate involvement of other factors like reduction in cytoplasmic pH in cold regulation. Initial general elevation in GABA shunt metabolites after 30 min heat treatment in cam mutants suggests regulation of GABA level by <em>cam</em>. These data suggest that regulation by factors other than cam is likely, and that this factor may relate to the regulation of GAD by intracellular pH and/or metabolite partitioning under heat stress.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO2and temperature on seed quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. HAMPTON ◽  
B. BOELT ◽  
M. P. ROLSTON ◽  
T. G. CHASTAIN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Vigour

SUMMARYSuccessful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. By 2050 global climate change will have influenced crop yields, but will these changes affect seed quality? The present review examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature during seed production on three seed quality components: seed mass, germination and seed vigour.In response to elevated CO2, seed mass has been reported to both increase and decrease in C3plants, but not change in C4plants. Increases are greater in legumes than non-legumes, and there is considerable variation among species. Seed mass increases may result in a decrease of seed nitrogen (N) concentration in non-legumes. Increasing temperature may decrease seed mass because of an accelerated growth rate and reduced seed filling duration, but lower seed mass does not necessarily reduce seed germination or vigour.Like seed mass, reported seed germination responses to elevated CO2have been variable. The reported changes in seed C/N ratio can decrease seed protein content which may eventually lead to reduced viability. Conversely, increased ethylene production may stimulate germination in some species. High-temperature stress before developing seeds reach physiological maturity (PM) can reduce germination by inhibiting the ability of the plant to supply the assimilates necessary to synthesize the storage compounds required for germination.Nothing is known concerning the effects of elevated CO2on seed vigour. However, seed vigour can be reduced by high-temperature stress both before and after PM. High temperatures induce or increase the physiological deterioration of seeds. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required.The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality, particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination. The seed industry will need to consider management changes to minimize the risk of this occurring.

scholarly journals Regulation of DNA (de)Methylation Positively Impacts Seed Germination during Seed Development under Heat Stress

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Jaiana Malabarba ◽  
David Windels ◽  
Wenjia Xu ◽  
Jerome Verdier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
The Impact

Seed development needs the coordination of multiple molecular mechanisms to promote correct tissue development, seed filling, and the acquisition of germination capacity, desiccation tolerance, longevity, and dormancy. Heat stress can negatively impact these processes and upon the increase of global mean temperatures, global food security is threatened. Here, we explored the impact of heat stress on seed physiology, morphology, gene expression, and methylation on three stages of seed development. Notably, Arabidopsis Col-0 plants under heat stress presented a decrease in germination capacity as well as a decrease in longevity. We observed that upon mild stress, gene expression and DNA methylation were moderately affected. Nevertheless, upon severe heat stress during seed development, gene expression was intensively modified, promoting heat stress response mechanisms including the activation of the ABA pathway. By analyzing candidate epigenetic markers using the mutants’ physiological assays, we observed that the lack of DNA demethylation by the ROS1 gene impaired seed germination by affecting germination-related gene expression. On the other hand, we also observed that upon severe stress, a large proportion of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in the promoters and gene sequences of germination-related genes. To conclude, our results indicate that DNA (de)methylation could be a key regulatory process to ensure proper seed germination of seeds produced under heat stress.

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