Zero-tillage influence on canola, field pea and wheat in a dry subhumid region: Agronomic and physiological responses

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Borstlap ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Field trials were conducted over 4 site-years in southern Manitoba to compare the response of Katepwa wheat, Westar canola and Victoria field pea to zero tillage (ZT). The experimental design was a split plot with tillage system as the mainplot (ZT vs. conventional tillage (CT)) and crop species as the subplot. All crops received protection from insect, weed and disease pests. Tillage system had only a limited impact on crop dry matter accumulation or grain quality. Where differences were observed, crop performance was enhanced under ZT. Seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) was either reduced or unaffected by ZT, while ET efficiency (ETE: kg ha−1 mm−1 ET) was either increased or unchanged by the shift from CT to ZT. Higher ETE under ZT was attributed to less soil water evaporation. Significant tillage system × crop species (T × S) interactions for growth parameters, ET and ETE indicated that field pea often benefitted more than wheat or canola from ZT. A significant T × S interaction at one of the four sites indicated that water extraction between 30 and 90 cm was higher for pea and canola in the ZT compared with CT treatment, while soil water extraction by wheat was reduced under ZT. At a second site, lower ET for all three crops under ZT was attributed to reduced water use between 90 and 130 cm. Despite some effects of ZT on crop growth and water use, no significant tillage, T × S, or site × tillage interactions were observed for grain yield. It was concluded that under the conditions of this study (i.e. precipitation and temperature conditions close to the long-term average), Westar canola, Victoria field pea and Katepwa wheat were, for the most part, equally suited to ZT production. Key words: Soil water extraction, evapotranspiration efficiency, crop quality, grain yield, canopy development

Soil water extraction, water use, and grain yield by drought-tolerant maize on the Texas High Plains

2015 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Kirk E. Jessup ◽  
Xiaobo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Temporal and spatial patterns of soil water extraction and drought resistance among genotypes of a perennial C4 grass

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Christopher J. Lambrides ◽  
Matthew B. Roche ◽  
Alan Duff ◽  
Shu Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

The objective of this study was to investigate patterns of soil water extraction and drought resistance among genotypes of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) a perennial C4 grass. Four wild Australian ecotypes (1–1, 25a1, 40–1, and 81–1) and four cultivars (CT2, Grand Prix, Legend, and Wintergreen) were examined in field experiments with rainfall excluded to monitor soil water extraction at 30–190 cm depths. In the study we defined drought resistance as the ability to maintain green canopy cover under drought. The most drought resistant genotypes (40–1 and 25a1) maintained more green cover (55–85% vs 5–10%) during water deficit and extracted more soil water (120–160 mm vs 77–107 mm) than drought sensitive genotypes, especially at depths from 50 to 110 cm, though all genotypes extracted water to 190 cm. The maintenance of green cover and higher soil water extraction were associated with higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and relative water content. For all genotypes, the pattern of water use as a percentage of total water use was similar across depth and time We propose the observed genetic variation was related to different root characteristics (root length density, hydraulic conductivity, root activity) although shoot sensitivity to drying soil cannot be ruled out.

Soil water under conventional and alternative cropping systems in cryoboreal subhumid central Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
N. G. Juma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tillage Methods

Soil water limits plant growth in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Efficient use of soil water is, therefore, paramount in crop production. Two 2-yr field studies were conducted (i) to determine the effects of crop selection and cropping practice on the temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and (ii) to quantify water use and water-use efficiencies (WUE) of alternative crop/cropping systems for a subhumid region of Alberta. The first study was at the Ellerslie Research Station on an Orthic Black Chernozemic and the second at the University of Alberta Breton Plots on an Orthic Gray Luvisol. At each site three annual crops/cropping systems [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), barley intercropped with field pea (Pisum sativum L.), and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)] and a perennial forage [creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra)] were grown in 1987 and in 1988. At Ellerslie, tillage methods to grow annual crops were conventional and zero tillage. At Breton, the two tillage methods used were: (i) conventional and (ii) deep tillage (to enrich the surface horizon with clay from the subsoil). The experimental design used was a split plot with four replications. Soil water was measured by neutron attenuation. Evapotranspiration was calculated as the change in soil water to 0.80-m depth plus precipitation. Soil water changes were more closely associated with the kind of crop grown than with the method of tillage used. The barley/field pea intercrop exhibited a pattern of water use similar to barley. Greater water-use efficiency measured in the intercrop system was attributed to differences in canopy structure and plant biomass production. Faba bean and red fescue had lower WUE than barley and the intercrop. The water requirement by faba bean was close to that of red fescue and related to leaf area development. Small tillage effects on soil water were observed during 1988. Soil water under zero tillage was greater than under conventional tillage. Faba bean and red fescue are likely to succeed more in agro-ecological regions such as Breton. Further studies are required to improve our understanding of the effects of these cropping systems on water resources when they are used in rotational-production systems. Key words: Barley, field pea, faba bean, creeping red fescue, conventiional tillage, zero tillage, deep tillage, water-use efficiency

Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) Ecology and Interference in Winter Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Jointed goatgrass is a serious weed in winter wheat, and presently no herbicides are available for its selective control. This study examined the effect of time of emergence and removal on jointed goatgrass interference in winter wheat, as well as its rate of development and soil water extraction. The goal of this study was to suggest cultural practices that minimize jointed goatgrass interference in winter wheat. Jointed goatgrass development was identical to ‘Vona’ winter wheat in two crop seasons, even though precipitation differed drastically between seasons. Depth of soil water extraction of both species was also similar. Jointed goatgrass at 18 plants m−2reduced grain yield 27 and 17% when emerging 0 and 42 d after Vona, respectively. The relationship between time of jointed goatgrass emergence after winter wheat and grain yield loss was Y = 30.6–0.29X (X = days, r = 0.72), indicating that plants emerging in late fall still caused yield loss. Removing jointed goatgrass by early March prevented winter wheat grain yield loss. The interference data suggests that producers assess infestation levels and plan control measures in early March.

Response of four grain legumes to water stress in south-eastern Queensland. II.Plant growth and soil water extraction patterns

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Soil Water Extraction ◽  
Dehydration Avoidance

Growth and water use of soybean (Glycine max), black gram (Vigna mungo), green gram (V. radiata) and cowpea (V. unguiculata) in response to water stress were evaluated in the field at Dalby in southeast Queensland. Differing strategies of growth and water use which reflected the differential expression of dehydration avoidance and developmental plasticity in response to stress were identified among species. The primary difference between strategies related to differences in dehydration avoidance. Soil water extraction during the initial phases of drought was faster, and leaf area development and plant growth were relatively less affected, in soybean than in the Vigna spp. Where adequate soil water existed, these differences were sustained during the drought period but were reversed where soil water was limited. Soil water extraction by soybean occurred to greater depths, and to lower potentials, than in the Vigna spp. Developmental plasticity influenced growth pattern in the Vigna spp. to varying degrees. Drought periods invariably curtailed growth and hastened maturity in green gram and black gram, but rain prior to maturity induced renewed growth in black gram. Moderate stress curtailed growth and hastened maturity in cowpea, which also responded to late rains with renewed growth. Severe stress inhibited growth and delayed development in cowpea indefinitely.

scholarly journals Soil water extraction pattern and water use efficiency of spring canola under growth-stage-based irrigation management

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 106232
Author(s):  
Krishna B. Katuwal ◽  
Youngkoo Cho ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Sangamesh V. Angadi ◽  
Sultan Begna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Extraction
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