Temporal and spatial patterns of soil water extraction and drought resistance among genotypes of a perennial C4 grass

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Christopher J. Lambrides ◽  
Matthew B. Roche ◽  
Alan Duff ◽  
Shu Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

The objective of this study was to investigate patterns of soil water extraction and drought resistance among genotypes of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) a perennial C4 grass. Four wild Australian ecotypes (1–1, 25a1, 40–1, and 81–1) and four cultivars (CT2, Grand Prix, Legend, and Wintergreen) were examined in field experiments with rainfall excluded to monitor soil water extraction at 30–190 cm depths. In the study we defined drought resistance as the ability to maintain green canopy cover under drought. The most drought resistant genotypes (40–1 and 25a1) maintained more green cover (55–85% vs 5–10%) during water deficit and extracted more soil water (120–160 mm vs 77–107 mm) than drought sensitive genotypes, especially at depths from 50 to 110 cm, though all genotypes extracted water to 190 cm. The maintenance of green cover and higher soil water extraction were associated with higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and relative water content. For all genotypes, the pattern of water use as a percentage of total water use was similar across depth and time We propose the observed genetic variation was related to different root characteristics (root length density, hydraulic conductivity, root activity) although shoot sensitivity to drying soil cannot be ruled out.

Drought resistance and soil water extraction of a perennial C4 grass: contributions of root and rhizome traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Christopher J. Lambrides ◽  
Shu Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Previously, we showed that genotypic differences in soil water extraction were associated with drought response, but we did not study underground root and rhizome characteristics. In this study, we demonstrate a similar relationship between drought resistance and soil water extraction but investigate the role of underground organs. Eighteen bermudagrass genotypes (Cynodon spp.) from four climatic zones were assessed under continuous drought at two locations with contrasting soils and climates. The criterion for drought resistance was the duration required to reach 50% green cover (GC50) after water was withheld. GC50, physiological traits, rhizome dry matter (RhDM), root length density (RLD) and average root diameter (ARD) were determined in both locations; water extraction was measured in one location. Large genotypic variation for drought resistance was observed in both locations, with GC50 being 187–277 days in a clay soil and 15–27 days in a sandy soil. Drought-resistant genotypes had greater soil water extraction and a higher water uptake rate. GC50 was correlated with relative water content (r = 0.76), canopy temperature differential (r = –0.94) and photosynthetic rate (r = 0.87) measured during drought; RhDM (r = 0.78 to ~0.93) before and after drought; and ARD after drought (r = 0.82 to ~0.94); GC50 was not correlated with RLD. Ecotypes collected from the Australian Mediterranean zone had superior drought resistance and were characterised by a large rhizome network. This is the first comprehensive study with perennial C4 grasses describing the association between water extraction, root distribution, rhizomes and drought resistance.

Zero-tillage influence on canola, field pea and wheat in a dry subhumid region: Agronomic and physiological responses

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Borstlap ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Field trials were conducted over 4 site-years in southern Manitoba to compare the response of Katepwa wheat, Westar canola and Victoria field pea to zero tillage (ZT). The experimental design was a split plot with tillage system as the mainplot (ZT vs. conventional tillage (CT)) and crop species as the subplot. All crops received protection from insect, weed and disease pests. Tillage system had only a limited impact on crop dry matter accumulation or grain quality. Where differences were observed, crop performance was enhanced under ZT. Seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) was either reduced or unaffected by ZT, while ET efficiency (ETE: kg ha−1 mm−1 ET) was either increased or unchanged by the shift from CT to ZT. Higher ETE under ZT was attributed to less soil water evaporation. Significant tillage system × crop species (T × S) interactions for growth parameters, ET and ETE indicated that field pea often benefitted more than wheat or canola from ZT. A significant T × S interaction at one of the four sites indicated that water extraction between 30 and 90 cm was higher for pea and canola in the ZT compared with CT treatment, while soil water extraction by wheat was reduced under ZT. At a second site, lower ET for all three crops under ZT was attributed to reduced water use between 90 and 130 cm. Despite some effects of ZT on crop growth and water use, no significant tillage, T × S, or site × tillage interactions were observed for grain yield. It was concluded that under the conditions of this study (i.e. precipitation and temperature conditions close to the long-term average), Westar canola, Victoria field pea and Katepwa wheat were, for the most part, equally suited to ZT production. Key words: Soil water extraction, evapotranspiration efficiency, crop quality, grain yield, canopy development

Response of four grain legumes to water stress in south-eastern Queensland. II.Plant growth and soil water extraction patterns

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Soil Water Extraction ◽  
Dehydration Avoidance

Growth and water use of soybean (Glycine max), black gram (Vigna mungo), green gram (V. radiata) and cowpea (V. unguiculata) in response to water stress were evaluated in the field at Dalby in southeast Queensland. Differing strategies of growth and water use which reflected the differential expression of dehydration avoidance and developmental plasticity in response to stress were identified among species. The primary difference between strategies related to differences in dehydration avoidance. Soil water extraction during the initial phases of drought was faster, and leaf area development and plant growth were relatively less affected, in soybean than in the Vigna spp. Where adequate soil water existed, these differences were sustained during the drought period but were reversed where soil water was limited. Soil water extraction by soybean occurred to greater depths, and to lower potentials, than in the Vigna spp. Developmental plasticity influenced growth pattern in the Vigna spp. to varying degrees. Drought periods invariably curtailed growth and hastened maturity in green gram and black gram, but rain prior to maturity induced renewed growth in black gram. Moderate stress curtailed growth and hastened maturity in cowpea, which also responded to late rains with renewed growth. Severe stress inhibited growth and delayed development in cowpea indefinitely.

scholarly journals Soil water extraction pattern and water use efficiency of spring canola under growth-stage-based irrigation management

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 106232
Author(s):  
Krishna B. Katuwal ◽  
Youngkoo Cho ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Sangamesh V. Angadi ◽  
Sultan Begna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Extraction Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Effect of growth stage based irrigation on soil water extraction and water use efficiency of spring safflower cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Sangamesh V. Angadi ◽  
Kulbhushan K. Grover ◽  
Rolston St. Hilaire ◽  
Sultan Begna
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Soil water extraction, water use, and grain yield by drought-tolerant maize on the Texas High Plains

2015 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Kirk E. Jessup ◽  
Xiaobo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Soil Water Extraction

Soil water extraction by dryland crops, annual pastures, and lucerne in south-eastern Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Angus ◽  
R. R. Gault ◽  
M. B. Peoples ◽  
M. Stapper ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Water Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dryland Crops ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The extraction of soil water by dryland crops and pastures in south-eastern Australia was examined in 3 studies. The first was a review of 13 published measurements of soil water-use under wheat at several locations in southern New South Wales. Of these, 8 showed significantly more water extracted by crops managed with increased nitrogen supply or growing after a break crop. The mean additional soil water extraction in response to break crops was 31 mm and to additional N was 11 mm. The second study used the SIMTAG model to simulate growth and water-use by wheat in relation to crop management at Wagga Wagga. The model was set up to simulate crops that produced either average district yields or the potential yields achievable with good management. When simulated over 50 years of weather data, the combined water loss as drainage and runoff was predicted to be 67 mm/year for poorly managed crops and 37 mm for well-managed crops. Water outflow was concentrated in 70% of years for the poorly managed crops and 56% for the well-managed crops. In those years the mean losses were estimated to be 95 mm and 66 mm, respectively. The third study reports soil water measured twice each year during a phased pasture–crop sequence over 6.5 years at Junee. Mean water content of the top 2.0 m of soil under a lucerne pasture averaged 211 mm less than under a subterranean clover-based annual pasture and 101 mm less than under well-managed crops. Collectively, these results suggest that lucerne pastures and improved crop management can result in greater use of rainfall than the previous farming systems based on annual pastures, fallows, and poorly managed crops. The tactical use of lucerne-based pastures in sequence with well-managed crops can help the dewatering of the soil andreduce or eliminate the risk of groundwater recharge.

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