Response of oilseed Brassica cultivars to ozone

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Foliar Injury

Cultivars of four oilseed Brassica species were exposed to acute levels of ozone (0.31 or 0.47 μL L−1) at the seedling stage. Brassica hitra ’BHL-926’ was the most sensitive to ozone followed by B. juncea ’Newton’ and B. rapa ’Torch.’ Brassica napus seedlings exhibited very little foliar injury (0 – 4%) after 24 h exposure to 0.31 μL L−1 ozone. Key words: Ozone, foliar injury, rapeseed, mustard

Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in oil-extracted meals from seeds of several Brassica species and of Sinapis alba

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
G. Rakow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Brassica Carinata

A total of 124 seed samples representing strains and cultivars of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, and Sinapis alba were selected for assays of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and phytic acid (PA). On an oil-extracted basis the TI values ranged from 1.26 to 5.31 units g−1. Values for B. napus ranked highest (3.58, 3.61) and B. juncea lowest (1.26, 1.39, 1.56) (P < 0.05). In a comparison of PA in three cultivars (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), the cultivars differed in PA contents (2.52, 2.94, 2,70, respectively), there were no year-to-year differences over 4 yr (2.56, 2.67 2.68 vs. 2.96) but there were significant location effects (2.12, 2.21 vs. 3.04, 3.42). In a set of 10 cultivars replicated themes, B. juncea PA contents (3.35–3.91) exceeded those of B. napus (2.92, 3.06), and B. carinata (2.72, 3.15) Sinapis alba had the lowest value (2.49). Bronowski (B. napus), the gene source of all low glucosinolate cultivars, contained the most TI (5.31 units g−1) and the least PA (1.93%). Key words: Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, Brassica, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Sinapis alba

scholarly journals Suppression of Metacaspase- and Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death Improves Stress-Induced Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Berenguer ◽  
Elena A Minina ◽  
Elena Carneros ◽  
Ivett Bárány ◽  
Peter V Bozhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant

Abstract Microspore embryogenesis is a biotechnological process that allows us to rapidly obtain doubled-haploid plants for breeding programs. The process is initiated by the application of stress treatment, which reprograms microspores to embark on embryonic development. Typically, a part of the microspores undergoes cell death that reduces the efficiency of the process. Metacaspases (MCAs), a phylogenetically broad group of cysteine proteases, and autophagy, the major catabolic process in eukaryotes, are critical regulators of the balance between cell death and survival in various organisms. In this study, we analyzed the role of MCAs and autophagy in cell death during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus. We demonstrate that this cell death is accompanied by the transcriptional upregulation of three BnMCA genes (BnMCA-Ia, BnMCA-IIa and BnMCA-IIi), an increase in MCA proteolytic activity and the activation of autophagy. Accordingly, inhibition of autophagy and MCA activity, either individually or in combination, suppressed cell death and increased the number of proembryos, indicating that both components play a pro-cell death role and account for decreased efficiency of early embryonic development. Therefore, MCAs and/or autophagy can be used as new biotechnological targets to improve in vitro embryogenesis in Brassica species and doubled-haploid plant production in crop breeding and propagation programs.

scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

The Role of Phytoalexins in the Seedling Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Some Crucifers

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Storck ◽  
Maria D. Sacristán
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Resistance Reaction

Abstract Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata and Sinapis arvensis resistant lines to Leptosphaeria maculans and four Brassica napus cuitivars susceptible to this pathogen in seedling stage were analyzed in relation to the accumulation of phytoalexins after inoculation with L. maculans. Cotyledon inoculations with spore suspensions of an aggressive and a non-aggressive isolate of L. maculans were performed on seedlings of these lines. The quantity of accumulated phytoalexins in the cotyledons was determined at different time intervals after inoculation. The content and composition of phytoalexins differed considerably among the tested species and according to the fungal isolate used. In the tested Brassica species seedling resistance against L. maculans could not be related to phytoalexin accumulation. However, in Sinapis arvensis phytoalexins might contribute to the resistance reaction to this pathogen.

Mineral composition of oil-free seeds of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea as affected by location and year

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
G. Rakow ◽  
R. K. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Cu And Zn

Three cultivars of Brassica (Westar, Brassica napus; Tobin, B. rapa; Cutlass, B. juncea) were grown in four locations in 4 successive years, with duplicate samples taken from each treatment. Harvested seed was hexane-extracted, ground and analyzed for mineral content. The average contents (mg kg−1) were: Ca, 0.64; P, 1.12; Mg, 0.56%; Cu, 6.2; Zn, 46; Fe, 188; and Mn, 55. Values for Westar and Tobin were generally similar but Cutlass contained less Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn and more Cu and Zn (P < 0.01). Locations affected all mineral levels. One location produced samples lower in Ca, P, Cu and Mn but higher in Zn than the other locations (P < 0.01). Year-to-year variability was of minor consequence. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, mineral, seed

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the YABBY Transcription Factor Family in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Jichun Xia ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yuzhou Peng ◽  
Wenning Wang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Duplication Events

The YABBY family of plant-specific transcription factors play important regulatory roles during the development of leaves and floral organs, but their functions in Brassica species are incompletely understood. Here, we identified 79 YABBY genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species (B. rapa, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. juncea, and B. napus). A phylogenetic analysis of YABBY proteins separated them into five clusters (YAB1–YAB5) with representatives from all five Brassica species, suggesting a high degree of conservation and similar functions within each subfamily. We determined the gene structure, chromosomal location, and expression patterns of the 21 BnaYAB genes identified, revealing extensive duplication events and gene loss following polyploidization. Changes in exon–intron structure during evolution may have driven differentiation in expression patterns and functions, combined with purifying selection, as evidenced by Ka/Ks values below 1. Based on transcriptome sequencing data, we selected nine genes with high expression at the flowering stage. qRT-PCR analysis further indicated that most BnaYAB family members are tissue-specific and exhibit different expression patterns in various tissues and organs of B. napus. This preliminary study of the characteristics of the YABBY gene family in the Brassica napus genome provides theoretical support and reference for the later functional identification of the family genes.

A binary vector-based large insert library for Brassica napus and identification of clones linked to a fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Wu ◽  
Lomas Tulsieram ◽  
Quangzhou Tao ◽  
Hong-Bin Zhang ◽  
Steven J Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Plant Transformation ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Binary Vector ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Chromosome Walking ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Plant Transformation Vector

We constructed and characterized a large DNA insert library for Brassica napus that would facilitate genome-related research and map-based cloning efforts in Brassica species. This library, consisting of 92 160 clones arrayed in 384-well microtiter dishes, was based on a conventional plant transformation vector (binary vector), and was constructed using a single ligation with transformation efficiency of over 5000 recombinants per microliter of ligation mixture. Every clone in this library contains an insert in the size range of 30-190 kb, facilitating both chromosome walking and plant transformation. Screening this library with three DNA markers (C2, F10, and CabR) that are linked to a fertility restorer locus for Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) identified at least 17 positive clones for each probe. Among the 17 positive clones identified by C2, nine are linked to the restorer locus. Marker F10 identified 21 clones, of which only two are linked to the restorer locus. None of 68 clones identified by CabR is linked to the restorer locus. A stability test using two clones identified by the C2 marker indicated that large DNA inserts are stable in this conventional vector in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium. Key words: Brassica napus, binary vector, large DNA insert library, restorer gene.

Nucleotypic influences on chromosome-specific chiasma variation in Crepis capillaris. I. Responses to early colchicine treatment and chromosome doubling

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Abberton ◽  
R. S. Callow
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Crepis Capillaris ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diploid Level ◽  
Multiplicative Effects

Additive and multiplicative effects of colchicine treatment at the seedling stage and of chromosome doubling on chromosome-specific chiasma frequency at metaphase I have been measured in comparisons between C0 and untreated diploids and between C0 autotetraploids and C0 diploids. Early colchicine treatment increases the frequency of chromosome C univalents to 1.8% but has no similar effect on chromosomes A and D. Colchicine treatment has little net effect on mean chiasma frequency, deducting an average of 0.204 chiasmata per set but otherwise multiplying the mean by a factor of 1.182. These additive and multiplicative effects represent averages of six phenotypes. Chromosome doubling in a tetraploid–diploid chimaera subtracts an average of 0.265 chiasmata per set but otherwise doubles the numbers of chiasmata at the diploid level (× 2.134). Comparison of six diploids and tetraploids reveals modest average additive (+ 1.103) and multiplicative effects (× 1.190). The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of new analyses of previously published data. Key words : chiasmata, Crepis, colchicine, meiosis, polyploidy.

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