scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

scholarly journals Effect of passivator DHJ-C on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Brassica napus in Cd-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yunbao Wan ◽  
Chenxi Cao ◽  
Jiuyuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Soil Urease ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
Mda Content

AbstractThe farmland polluted by cadmium is increasing drastically, which seriously threatened agricultural production and food safety. Nowadays, efficient and convenient way to solve the problem is urgently needed. In this experiment, a particular compound passivator DHJ-C was applied for soil remediation by pot experiment and the effect on both soil and plant was evaluated. The DHJ-C reduced the toxicity of Cd on soil enzyme activity and growth inhibition on Brassica napus. The soil urease and sucrase activity were significantly increased. The dry weight of mature oilseed rape increased by 14.6–36.0% and the yield of seeds increased by 14.1–52% per plant, which suggested that the passivator effectively reduced the detrimental effects on rape. Similarly, the results of physiology and biochemistry also indicated that DHJ-C can distinctly alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd on plant growth. Such as the MDA content in plant was reduced by 52.1% in 10 mg/kg Cd treatment. Compared with control, Cd accumulation in seedling stage and mature period was significantly reduced as the concentration of Cd in aboveground part even decreased by 18.4 and 32.0% respectively. Overall, DHJ-C hold sufficient ability to be applied as an excellent passivator to reduce Cd toxicity in contaminated soil and significantly increase the yield of rapeseed.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on the growth and cadmium accumulation of lettuce under cadmium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Le Liang ◽  
Wanjia Tang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In present study, the effects of spraying different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) of IAA on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were investigated. The lettuce exposed to Cd exhibited a substantial decline in growth, and the Cd content of them significantly increased. Spraying exogenous IAA resulted in alleviating the inhibitory of Cd toxicity to lettuce. The dry weight in shoots of lettuce increased by spraying with IAA compared with the Cd treatment alone, but the dry weight of roots had no significantly differences. Although exogenous IAA increased the root Cd content, it significantly reduced shoot Cd content, indicating its role in Cd transport. Therefore, spraying IAA effectively alleviated Cd toxicity and reduced Cd uptake in the edible parts of lettuce, and the 100 μmol/L IAA was the optimal dose.

Effects of Silcon on Growth and Cadmium Accumulation by Flue-Cured Tobacco

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Ren ◽  
Jun Yu He ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yan Chao Zhang ◽  
Hui Qing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Translocation

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.

scholarly journals Effect of Cadmium on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Iron and Cadmium Accumulation of Faba Bean (Vicia faba cv. Aštar)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta Piršelová ◽  
Roman Kuna ◽  
Peter Lukáč ◽  
Michaela Havrlentová
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

Abstract The influence of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) ions (50 and 100 mg/kg soil) on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, Cd, and iron accumulation in faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aštar) was studied under laboratory conditions. No significant changes were observed in the growth parameters of shoots (length, fresh, and dry weight). Both tested Cd doses resulted in decrease in root fresh weight by 31.7% and 28.68% and in dry weight by 32.2% and 33.33%, respectively. Increased accumulation of Cd was observed in roots (125- and 173-fold higher than in control) and shoots (125- and 150-fold higher than in control) as a result of applied doses of Cd. Increased accumulation of iron was detected in roots (1.45- and 1.69-fold higher than in control). Decrease in the content of chlorophyll a (by 25.52 and 24.83%, respectively) and chlorophyll b (by 6.90%) after application of Cd 100 as well as decrease in carotenoids (by 40.39 and 38.36%, respectively) was detected. Weak translocation of Cd from roots to shoots pointed to low phytoremediation potential of the tested bean variety in contaminated soil. However, the high tolerance of this cultivar, its relative fast growth, as well as priority of Cd accumulation in roots presume this plant species for phytostabilisation and revegetation of the Cd-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Cadmium accumulation in the grain of durum wheat is associated with salinity resistance degree

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Jakub Pastuszak ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
Agnieszka Płażek ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek ◽  
Anna Szczerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Physiological Background

A serious problem in durum wheat cultivation is its genetic capacity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. The aim of the study was to verify if the degree of durum wheat resistance to NaCl salinity is related to its tolerance to Cd contamination, and to search for physiological markers of Cd accumulation in the grain. The experiment involved a salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi and a salt resistant line BC<sub>5</sub>Nax<sub>2</sub>, as well as a moderately salt tolerant line SMH87. The plants grew in the soil supplemented with 3 mg or 5 mg Cd/kg dry weight. The plant response to Cd was evaluated based on chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and Cd content in the grains. Toxic effects of both Cd levels on photosynthetic performance index were the strongest in salt sensitive cv. Tamaroi, which showed the highest Cd content in the seeds. We therefore assumed that tolerance to salinity and Cd has a common physiological background, and that ChlF parameters may be used as the markers of Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Use of Comparative Transcriptomics Combined With Physiological Analyses to Identify Key Factors Underlying Cadmium Accumulation in Brassica juncea L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Yunyan Du ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Dinggang Zhou ◽  
Jinfeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Atpase

The contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) has become a serious environmental issue that needs to be addressed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation may facilitate the development of plants that accumulate both high and low amounts of Cd. In this study, a combination of phenotypic, physiological, and comparative transcriptomic analyses was performed to investigate the effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, 30, 50 mg/kg) on Brassica juncea L. Our results suggest that B. juncea L. seedlings had a degree of tolerance to the 5 mg/kg Cd treatment, whereas higher Cd stress (10–50 mg/kg) could suppress the growth of B. juncea L. seedlings. The contents of soluble protein, as well as MDA (malondialdehyde), were increased, but the activities of CAT (catalase) enzymes and the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were decreased, when B. juncea L. was under 30 and 50 mg/kg Cd treatment. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicated that XTH18 (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase enzymes), XTH22, and XTH23 were down-regulated, but PME17 (pectin methylesterases) and PME14 were up-regulated, which might contribute to cell wall integrity maintenance. Moreover, the down-regulation of HMA3 (heavy metal ATPase 3) and up-regulation of Nramp3 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 3), HMA2 (heavy metal ATPase 2), and Nramp1 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 1) might also play roles in reducing Cd toxicity in roots. Taken together, the results of our study may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of B. juncea L. to various concentrations of Cd.

Comparative growth analysis of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea under Swedish conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kjellström
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yield Level

Indian cultivars of Brassica juncea were tested in field experiments at the research farm of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, to determine their agronomic performance under Swedish climatic conditions. In this study, production and development of a B. juncea cultivar of Indian origin and a Swedish B. napus cultivar were compared in a growth analysis during 1987–1990. Plants were harvested at approximately weekly intervals from emergence to maturity, and separated into leaves, stems, pods and seeds. Area indices of leaves, stems and pods were calculated, and dry weight of each plant component was determined. On an average of 4 yr, the total growing period was similar for both cultivars, 107 d or ca. 1030 growing degree days (GDD), with an earlier onset and a shorter duration of flowering for B. juncea. Dry weights of all vegetative plant components, especially stems, reached higher maximum levels in the highly branched B. juncea cultivar than in the B. napus cultivar. By the end of the flowering stage, B. napus had accumulated a significantly higher percentage of final total dry matter than B. juncea. After flowering, the crop growth rate was significantly higher in B. juncea, 0.54 g m−2 GDD−1, than in B. napus. Seed yield level was similar in both species, and in year 1990 ca. 2.2 t ha−1 was harvested. Key words: Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, growth analysis, area index

Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in oil-extracted meals from seeds of several Brassica species and of Sinapis alba

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
G. Rakow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Brassica Carinata

A total of 124 seed samples representing strains and cultivars of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, and Sinapis alba were selected for assays of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and phytic acid (PA). On an oil-extracted basis the TI values ranged from 1.26 to 5.31 units g−1. Values for B. napus ranked highest (3.58, 3.61) and B. juncea lowest (1.26, 1.39, 1.56) (P < 0.05). In a comparison of PA in three cultivars (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), the cultivars differed in PA contents (2.52, 2.94, 2,70, respectively), there were no year-to-year differences over 4 yr (2.56, 2.67 2.68 vs. 2.96) but there were significant location effects (2.12, 2.21 vs. 3.04, 3.42). In a set of 10 cultivars replicated themes, B. juncea PA contents (3.35–3.91) exceeded those of B. napus (2.92, 3.06), and B. carinata (2.72, 3.15) Sinapis alba had the lowest value (2.49). Bronowski (B. napus), the gene source of all low glucosinolate cultivars, contained the most TI (5.31 units g−1) and the least PA (1.93%). Key words: Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, Brassica, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Sinapis alba

scholarly journals Bacteria Metabolically Engineered for Enhanced Phytochelatin Production and Cadmium Accumulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 6317-6320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Kang ◽  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Wonkyu Lee ◽  
Ashok Mulchandani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase

ABSTRACT Phytochelatins (PCs) with good binding affinities for a wide range of heavy metals were exploited to develop microbial sorbents for cadmium removal. PC synthase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpPCS) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in PC synthesis and 7.5-times-higher Cd accumulation. The coexpression of a variant γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase desensitized to feedback inhibition (GshI*) increased the supply of the PC precursor glutathione, resulting in further increases of 10- and 2-fold in PC production and Cd accumulation, respectively. A Cd transporter, MntA, was expressed with SpPCS and GshI* to improve Cd uptake, resulting in a further 1.5-fold increase in Cd accumulation. The level of Cd accumulation in this recombinant E. coli strain (31.6 μmol/g [dry weight] of cells) was more than 25-fold higher than that in the control strain.

scholarly journals Nitrate Increases Cadmium Accumulation in Sweet Sorghum for Improving Phytoextraction Efficiency Rather Than Ammonium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Bai ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Yanfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Phytoextraction Efficiency ◽  
Cd Species

Sweet sorghum has potential for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) owning to its large biomass and relatively high Cd tolerance. Nitrogen affects both growth and Cd concentrations in plants. However, different forms of nitrogen effects on Cd accumulation in sweet sorghum to improve efficiency of Cd phytoremediation is still elusive. In this study, nitrate substantially promoted both dry weight and Cd concentrations in leaves, stems + sheaths and roots of sweet sorghum when compared with ammonium. As a result, Cd accumulation in nitrate-supplied sweet sorghum was around 3.7-fold of that in ammonium-supplied plants under unbuffered pH condition, while the fold was about 2.2 under buffered pH condition. We speculated pH values and Cd species in the growth medium to some extent contributed to increased Cd accumulation as affected by nitrate. Net photosynthesis rate and Fv/Fm of nitrate-treated plants under Cd stress were higher than that of ammonium-treated plants when the pH was unbuffered. Responses of antioxidant capacity in roots to Cd stress with nitrate application were stronger than that with ammonium supplementation. Taken together, nitrate is more suitable than ammonium for Cd phytoextraction by using sweet sorghum, which is able to enhance at least double efficiency of phytoextraction.

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