The effects of tillage systems on the economic performance of spring wheat, winter wheat, flax and field pea production in east-central Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
R. Geremia ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Costs Of Production

The long-term viability of Canadian prairie agriculture depends on the ability to arrest soil degradation caused by wind and water erosion and excessive tillage. The challenge is to develop crop-production systems that are economically viable and environmentally sustainable. The objective of this study was to quantify the short-term economic performance of field pea (Pisum sativium L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under three tillage-management systems. The economic analysis was based on a tillage × crop rotation experiment started in 1986 and involving zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) and three 4-yr crop rotations. The economic analysis considered only costs associated with purchased inputs and machinery. The effects of method of tillage management on herbicide and fuel use were also determined for each crop. Costs of production were similar for all tillage systems and crop types. Net returns were higher for field pea, flax and spring wheat grown on stubble using ZT and MT than when CT was used, because of higher grain yields. Net returns were similar for winter wheat grown on stubble and for spring wheat grown on fallow for all tillage-management systems. Fuel consumption was highest for CT, intermediate for MT and lowest for ZT for all crops except winter wheat. In contrast, herbicide use was greater for ZT and MT than for CT for al crops except winter wheat; no differences were observed among tillage systems for this crop because it was always seeded directly into standing stubble. The shift from CT to ZT or MT systems did not increase costs of production or reduce short-term economic returns. ZT and MT had higher production potential than CT because increased soil-moisture conservation generally provided higher net returns. ZT used less fuel but more herbicides than MT and CT. Key words: Stubble cropping, fallow cropping, zero, minimum, conventional

The effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on soil water conservation, seedling establishment and crop yield

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
Heather Loeppky ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Production Practices

The long-term productivity of soils in Western Canada can be maintained, even enhanced, providing changes in production practices occur to reverse the current trends of soil degradation. A study was initiated in 1986 to investigate the interactions of tillage systems and crop rotations on soil water conservation, seedling establishment and crop yields. The three tillage systems used were zero (ZT), minimum (one preseeding tillage operation) (MT) and conventional tillage (fall and spring preseeding tillage operations) (CT). Three 4-yr crop rotations were superimposed on the three tillage systems: fallow-spring wheat-spring wheat-winter wheat, spring wheat-spring wheat-flax-winter wheat and spring wheat-flax-winter wheat-field pea. The amount of water conserved during the fallow period was not significantly affected by tillage systems. Under stubble cropping, ZT and MT increased soil water in the 0- to 60-cm soil layer by 9% and in the 0- to 120-cm soil layer by 6% over CT. When spring soil moisture under stubble in the 0- to 120-cm soil layer was expressed as a percentage of a saturated soil profile, ZT and MT averaged 87% and CT, 82%. Seedling populations in spring wheat and field pea were not affected by tillage systems while flax seedling populations were 8% less under ZT and MT than CT. The rate of plant establishment for spring wheat was not affected by tillage systems. Yields of spring wheat, flax and field pea under ZT and MT were increased by 21, 23 and 9% over CT, respectively. Crop production practices that minimize soil degradation by maximizing the benefits of surface residues and standing stubble can successfully be adopted.Key words: Pisum sativum L., Linum usitatissimum L., Triticum aestivum L., stubble cropping, fallow cropping, crop rotation

Efficacy and Economic Analysis of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Management Systems in Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Benjamin G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Studies on the efficacy and economic analysis of Texas panicum management systems in corn were conducted in Georgia on a loamy sand soil in 1987, 1988, and 1989. Management systems that included butylate, EPTC, atrazine plus tridiphane, atrazine plus pendimethalin, atrazine plus trifluralin, paraquat, or ametryn acceptably control Texas panicum. Corn yields were not affected significantly by the Texas panicum management systems. Overall net returns calculated for corn production indicated that systems which included postemergence applications of atrazine, pendimethalin, trifluralin, paraquat, ametryn, or cultivation alone gave the highest net returns. Systems which included butylate, EPTC, or tridiphane frequently had significantly lower net returns.

Economic Returns from Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Ferreira ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Francis M. Epplin
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus

Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of winter wheat seeding date and forage removal on the efficacy of cheat control herbicides, forage and grain yields, and net returns to land, overhead, risk, and management for the various cheat control strategies. Economic analysis showed that net returns were higher when wheat was seeded during the traditional seeding period (October) than when either seeded early (September) for increased forage production or delayed (November) for cultural cheat control. Some herbicides were economically beneficial at two of three locations where the initial cheat population exceeded 170 plants/m2.

scholarly journals Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czaban ◽  
B. Wróblewska ◽  
A. Sułek ◽  
G. Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
Rainfall Level

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Tillage and Crop Rotation Alternatives with Winter Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery R. Williams ◽  
Matthew J. Pachta ◽  
Kraig L. Roozeboom ◽  
Richard V. Llewelyn ◽  
Mark M. Claassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Price Series ◽  
No Till

The economic feasibility of soybeans, grain sorghum, and corn in annual rotation with winter wheat using reduced tillage and no-tillage systems in the Central Great Plains was evaluated, with continuous wheat and grain sorghum also analyzed. Net returns were calculated using simulated yield and price distributions based on historical yields, two historical annual price series, and 2011 costs. Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function was used to determine the preferred strategies under various risk preferences. The no-till wheat-soybean and reduced-till wheat-soybean systems are the first and second most preferred, regardless of the level of risk aversion.

Effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on root and foliar diseases of wheat, flax, and peas in Saskatchewan

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
K. Mortensen ◽  
G. P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Take All

The dynamics of root and foliar diseases were studied in spring and winter wheat, peas, and flax and under zero, minimum, and conventional tillage at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, from 1987 to 1990. No disease was observed on flax during the 4 yr. Year-to-year variation was more important than tillage systems in explaining the incidence of bacterial leaf spot and foot rot of peas. Tan spot and septoria leaf blotch were the most important foliar diseases of wheat. Disease ratings (0–9) of the leaf spots were greater on winter wheat (average 2.2) than on spring wheat (average 1.9) and also greater on spring wheat following a cereal (average 2.0) than following peas or summer fallow (average 1.7). Hot and dry weather did not enhance development of foliar diseases, and no consistent effects of tillage on leaf disease ratings were observed. However, take-all and common root rot were affected by crop management. Incidence of take-all was greater on winter wheat (8%) than on spring wheat (1%) and also greater on winter wheat under conventional (11%) than minimum (8%) or zero tillage (6%). Severity of common root rot of spring wheat was greater following either spring (24%) or winter wheat (25%) than peas (22%) and summer fallow (15%). The severity of common root rot varied from year to year. In 3 of the 4 years, minimum-till and zero-till reduced the severity of the disease.Key words: Zero till, minimum till, conventional till, crop rotation, disease, spring wheat, winter wheat

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