Modelling the effects of potato seed-tuber age on plant establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Tubers

Four physiological ages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Russet Burbank') seed-tubers were produced by varying the time of storage at 15 °C. Age was quantified as the accumulated degree-days (dd) above 4 °C over the 199-d storage interval, and plant emergence and establishment were then modelled in controlled environment studies. As age advanced, time to 50% sprout emergence decreased, reaching a minimum at 589 dd, and then increased with further aging. Apical dominance was also reduced, as evident from a linear increase in the number of sprouts per seedpiece with advancing age. Earlier emergence from older seed-tubers led to significantly more leaves, leaf area, and leaf and stem dry weights per plant compared with younger seed-tubers early in the study; however, this advantage in plant establishment was eventually lost as time progressed through 33 d, resulting in significant age by time interactions on each yield component. Unit leaf rate, and relative growth rates with respect to leaf area and plant dry weight, thus decreased linearly with advancing tuber age over the course of the study. Leaf area ratio of plants from older tubers was greater than that from younger tubers early in the study, but this difference decreased with time. Seed-tuber age affected LAR through altering the leaf weight ratio (efficiency of partitioning dry weight to leaves), not the specific leaf area. Yield component analysis showed that the number of leaves per stem and the leaf area per leaf accounted for 85 and 12% of the total variation in plant dry weight, respectively. Because plant establishment was clearly more advanced, there may be potential for utilizing aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers to improve grade and earliness and increase yield in areas with short growing seasons. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, vigor, potato

Effect of altering the physiological age of potato seed-tubers in the fall on subsequent production in a short-season environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

The efficacy of utilizing "controlled seed-tuber aging" as a technique to enhance yield and improve tuber quality in areas with relatively short growing seasons was investigated in a 3-yr study. Prior to planting in the field, five physiological ages of Russet Burbank, Carlton, Norchip and Superior seed-tubers were produced by varying the heat-unit accumulation over a 200-d storage interval. Total yield increases of up to 90% and substantial improvements in tuber grade were achieved by planting aged (600–900 degree-day (dd)) seed-tubers. Plant growth from aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers was modelled to identify the mechanisms by which yield and quality were altered. Growth analysis demonstrated that the age-induced yield increases were due to faster emergence, faster leaf-area establishment, and tuberization earlier in the growing season compared with that from younger seed-tubers. The annual life cycle was thus accelerated, allowing plants from older seed-tubers to utilize the short (120-d) growing season more efficiently than those from younger seed-tubers. This was reflected in a higher harvest index: plants from 739 dd seed-tubers partitioned 63% of their total fresh weight into tubers compared with 48% for those from 66 dd seed-tubers (based on the quadratic model describing the relationship between seed-tuber age and and harvest index at 121 d after planting). The technique appears to be very promising for enhancing yield and/or promoting ’earliness’ of potatoes in regions with short growing seasons.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, plant growth, yield

scholarly journals Evaluation of different fungicides applied as seed tuber treatments for the control of potato silver scurf

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hervieux ◽  
R. Chabot ◽  
J. Arul ◽  
R.J. Tweddell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Helminthosporium Solani ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Inoculum ◽  
Seed Tubers

Silver scurf of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), caused by the fungus Helminthosporium solani, is an important surface-blemishing disease of potato tubers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides applied to potato seed tubers for control of silver scurf. Field trials were conducted in Québec province in 1998 and 1999. Potato seed tubers infected with H. solani were treated with either talc, fludioxonil, mancozeb, iprodione, thiabendazole, imazalil or azoxystrobin, and planted at three locations in 1998 and two locations in 1999. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the fungicides tested, applied as seed treatments, did not significantly influence total and marketable yields as well as silver scurf severity on daughter tubers at harvest and after different storage periods. In addition, this study showed the influence of the experimental locations on silver scurf development and suggests that soil inoculum plays a role in the epidemiology of the disease.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

scholarly journals A method to improve leaf succulence quantification

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Sun Leaves

Leaf succulence has important physiological and ecological implications. Currently it is quantified by Delf's index (fresh weight/leaf area) and fresh weight/ dry weight ratio. Both indeces are reconsidered and a new index is proposed. Shade and sun leaves from terrestrial, hemiepiphytic and epiphytic aroids were studied. Delf's formula, which does not consider dry weight, overestimated leaf succulence. As fresh weight / dry weight ratio (fw / dw) does not consider leaf area, plants with the same fw / dw ratio were more than five times different in area. The last case was only possible with a decrease in surface / volume ratio and a increase of mesophyll thickness, components not measured by fw / dw ratio. The new index proposed here, which takes into consideration dry weight and leaf area, showed a high correlation to mesophyll thickness.

scholarly journals CO2 AND TEMPERATURE INTERACTION ON GROWTH OF THREE POTATO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 590f-590
Author(s):  
T.W. Tibbitts ◽  
W. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Temperature Levels

Plants of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, Denali, Norland, Russet Burbank, were grown under CO2 concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm at each of 16 and 20C temperature levels. In all three cultivars, total plant dry weight on day 35 after transplanting was greater under 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm CO2 than under 500 ppm CO2 at both 16 and 20C, and greater at 20C than at 16C under each of the CO2 concentrations. At 20C total dry weight was highest under 2000 ppm CO2 for all cultivars whereas at 16C total dry weight was highest under 1000 ppm CO2 for Denali and Norland, but highest under 1500 ppm CO2 for Russet Burbank. The similar pattern was seen with tuber dry weight except that in Russet Burbank the weight was greater at 16C than at 20C under 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm CO2. Also, for all cultivars specific leaf weight (SLW) under 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm CO2 was much higher than under 500 ppm CO2 at 16C, but only slightly higher than under 500 ppm CO2 at 20C. The SLW was higher at 16C than at 20C under all CO2 concentrations. This study demonstrates that growth responses of potatoes to CO2 concentrations differ with temperature.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Catawba Rhododendron. I. Temperature Optima, Leaf Area, and Dry Weight Distribution

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bradley Rowe ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Plant

Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.) seedlings of two provenances, Johnston County, N.C. (35°45′N, 78°12′W, elevation = 67 m), and Yancey County, N.C. (35°45′N, 82°16′W, elevation = 1954 m), were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 18 weeks with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Shoot and root dry weights and total leaf areas of seedlings of the Yancey County provenance (high elevation) exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) those of the Johnston County (low elevation) provenance at all temperature combinations. Leaf area was maximal at 22/22C, 18/26C, and 22/26C and minimal at 30/14C (day/night). Shoot dry weight responded similarly. Root dry weight decreased linearly with increasing day temperature, but showed a quadratic response to night temperature. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased, while root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing day temperature. Leaf weight ratio was consistently higher than either stem or root weight ratios. Day/night cycles of 22 to 26/22C appear optimal for seedling growth.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis and Photosynthesis Measurements of Cucumber Seedlings Grown under Light with Different Red to Far-red Ratios

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Shibuya ◽  
Ryosuke Endo ◽  
Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽  
Saki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Normal Light

Light with a higher red to far-red ratio (R:FR) than sunlight reduces plant growth, but the cause has not been firmly established. In the present study, cucumber seedlings were grown under normal light (similar to sunlight; R:FR = 1.4) from metal-halide lamps or high-R:FR light (R:FR = 4.3) created by transmitting their light through FR-absorbing film, and then their growth parameters and photosynthesis were compared. The relative growth rate (RGR) at high R:FR was 92% of that under normal R:FR, although the net assimilation rate (NAR) did not differ between the treatments, indicating that changes in net photosynthesis per unit leaf area did not cause the growth inhibition at high R:FR. The CO2 exchange per unit leaf area did not differ between the treatments, which supports this hypothesis. The leaf area ratio (LAR) of total plant dry weight of high R:FR seedlings to that of normal R:FR seedlings was also 92%. This suggests that growth suppression in the high R:FR seedlings was caused mainly by decreased LAR. The specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), components of LAR, under high-R:FR light were 89% and 105%, respectively, of those under normal light, indicating that the smaller LAR at high R:FR mainly results from suppressed leaf enlargement per unit leaf dry matter.

scholarly journals Storage Temperature Affects Sexual Potato Seed Dormancy

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noël Pallais ◽  
José Santos-Rojas ◽  
Rosario Falcón
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seeds require many months of afterripening in dry storage to completely lose dormancy and germinate readily at >25C. We examined the relationship between storage temperature and seed dormancy, as assessed by the percentage of germination after 4 days. Two F1 hybrid lots of `Desiree' × 7XY.1 were used; one seed lot was produced by carefully removing half of the developing tubers from the mother plant during seed development, and the control remained undisturbed. Seeds were stored with 3.4% moisture (dry-weight basis) at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50C and were tested eight times during 29 months for daily germination at 27/40C (21/3 h) for the first 8 days, followed by 6 days at 17C. After 29 months of storage, final germination was <97% only when control seeds were stored at 50C, in which germination was 72%. Germination after 4 days increased curvilinearly with increasing storage temperature, and both seed lots similarly lost dormancy (germination >90%) after 10 months at 40C. Optimum germination levels were maintained after 29 months at 40C. Seeds stored at 50C never completely lost dormancy, and after 7 months of storage, germination at 4 days gradually decreased to zero. Dormancy was eventually lost after 29 months in most seeds stored at <40C, and differences between seed lots suggest that removing tubers from the mother plant increased dormancy. We conclude that dry potato seeds can be safely afterripened at temperatures up to 40C; lower temperatures slow the rate of dormancy loss, and higher ones are detrimental to seed quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document