The biology of Canadian weeds. 99. Matricaria perforata Mérat (Asteraceae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Woo ◽  
V. L. Harms ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Suitable Candidate

Scentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata Mérat, (=M. maritima var. agrestis (Knaf) Wilmott), is an introduced weed having an annual to short-lived perennial life cycle. Two cytotype races are found in Canada with a distinctive geographic distribution. The tetraploid (2n = 36) is abundant in agricultural habitats of the Prairie region, whereas the diploid (2n = 18) is found mainly in ruderal habitats of the Atlantic region. Infestations are found in many annual and perennial crops, pastures, wasteland, lawns, gardens, roadsides, fence lines, and ditches. The plant reproduces entirely by seed, producing up to 1.8 million seeds m−2 in dense monospecific stands. A density of 25 annual plants m−2 can result in a 55% reduction in spring wheat yield under cool wet conditions. Shallow preseeding tillage in late autumn or early spring is an effective method of cultural control. Several herbicides are recommended for control of the weed in crop and noncrop areas. Scentless chamomile is considered a suitable candidate for biological control. Key words: Weed biology, scentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata, Matricaria inodora, Matricaria maritima var. agrestis, Tripleurosperum inodorum

The biology of Canadian weeds. 105. Linaria vulgaris Mill.

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Saner ◽  
David R. Clements ◽  
Michael R. Hall ◽  
Douglas J. Doohan ◽  
Clifford W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Linaria Vulgaris ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Flower Phenology ◽  
Root Buds

Yellow toadflax, Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Scrophulariaceae), is a weed of rangelands and agricultural crops. Introduced from Eurasia into North America more than 300 yr ago, it is now naturalized in all provinces and territories up to 60° northern latitude and beyond 2000 m altitude. It became a concern in the middle of this century when it invaded the prairies. Its seriousness as a weed declined in the late 1950s, possibly as a result of biological control. Concern has been renewed recently because the adoption of minimum tillage techniques could lead to greater abundance. Reproduction is vigourous by means of adventitious root buds and by high seed production. Growth forms, vegetative reproduction, flower phenology, and germination are variable. The capability for regrowth from root parts makes L. vulgaris a difficult weed to eradicate and limits the efficacy of cultural control methods. The possibilities for chemical control are limited due to resistance to common herbicides. Biological control projects conducted during the past 50 yr have been partly successful and are on-going. Key words:Linaria vulgaris, toadflax, Scrophulariaceae, weed biology, control, review

Frequency of post-emergence harrowing effects wild oat control and spring wheat yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Alternative Weed Control ◽  
The One

Crops grown by organic producers or others choosing not to use herbicides require alternative weed control methods. In a 3-yr study at Scott, Saskatchewan, several harrowing frequencies were applied to emerged wild oats infesting spring wheat. Two passes with diamond tooth harrows at the one- to two-leaf stage of wild oats reduced panicle density and fresh weight in 2 of 3 yr. Multiple harrowings reduced wheat culms, fresh weight, and yield in 2 of the 3 yr. In 1992, four harrowings reduced wheat culms and yield, but had no effect on wild oat. In 1993, two harrowings reduced wild oat panicles and fresh weight, but had no effect on wheat culms and fresh weight, suggesting that moisture conditions at and immediately following harrowing have a differential effect on the ability of the two species to recover. Key words:Avena fatua L., Triticum aestivum L., cultural control, organic production

Response of dryland spring wheat yield to elevated CO2 concentration and temperature by APSIM model

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095
Author(s):  
Guang LI ◽  
Yue LI ◽  
Gao-Bao HUANG ◽  
Zhu-Zhu LUO ◽  
Qi WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield

Tiller Contribution to Spring Wheat Yield under Varying Seeding and Nitrogen Management

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Otteson ◽  
M. Mergoum ◽  
J. K. Ransom ◽  
B. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

scholarly journals Impact of increased temperature on spring wheat yield in northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ye ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Xiaohua Wu ◽  
Zhanyuan Lu ◽  
Cundong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Increased Temperature

scholarly journals Development and reproduction of Podisus distinctus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed on larva of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Lacerda ◽  
A. M. R. M. Ferreira ◽  
T. V. Zanuncio ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio ◽  
A. S. Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Biological control has been reducing the use of chemical products against insect pests, specially predatory Pentatomidae. Species of this group can present high variations in their life cycle as a result of their diet. Thus, the objective of this research was to study nymph development and reproduction of Podisus distinctus (Stäl, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed on Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvae (T1), compared to those fed on Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (T2) and Musca domestica L., 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae (T3) at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 2%, and photophase of 12 h. Predators fed on B. mori showed duration of the nymph phase (18.68 ± 1.02) similar to those fed on T. molitor (18.32 ± 1.49). Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods and number of egg masses, besides eggs and nymphs per female, were higher with B. mori (5.83 ± 2.02; 15.00 ± 7.40; 8.42 ± 1.84; 296.69 ± 154.75; and 228.55 ± 141.04, respectively) while longevity of males and females of P. distinctus was 25.76 ± 16.15 and 35.00 ± 16.15 days with T. molitor, and 20.57 ± 13.60 and 23.46 ± 12.35 days with B. mori, respectively.

Statistical spring wheat yield forecasting for the Canadian prairie provinces

2009 ◽  
Vol 149 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budong Qian ◽  
Reinder De Jong ◽  
Richard Warren ◽  
Aston Chipanshi ◽  
Harvey Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Yield Forecasting ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Studies on Theocolax formiciformis Westw. (Hym., Pteromalidae), a parasite of Anobium punctatum (Deg.) (Col., Anobiidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Anobium Punctatum

A description is given of the life-cycle in Britain of Theocolax formiciformis Westw. (Pteromalidae), a parasite of Anobium punctatum (Deg.) (Anobiidae). Adults emerge from infested wood in large numbers from April to June. Eggs are laid through the wood surface and use was made of this habit as a means of rearing this parasite under observation in the laboratory. Anobium larvae were placed individually in channels gouged in the surface of 3-inch squares of plywood. They were covered with tracing paper and the parasites were caged on this by means of a glass ring covered with a glass plate. Development from egg to adult at 22 and 25°C., and 75 per cent, relative humidity, averaged about five and six weeks, respectively, compared with 12 weeks outdoors in summer. The number of progeny per female was highest (approximately five) at 22°C., at which the ratio of males to females was 1:3. Only about one per cent, of the adults reared were winged. The use of Theocolax as a biological-control agent is not considered practical.

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