Exploring the Relationship between Structural and Air–Water Interfacial Properties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Gluten Hydrolysates in a Food System Relevant pH Range

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno G. B. Wouters ◽  
Ellen Fierens ◽  
Ine Rombouts ◽  
Kristof Brijs ◽  
Iris J. Joye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Food System ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Relationship

Proteolytic Inactivation of Glutamine Synthetase in Extracts From Wheat Leaves: Effects of pH, Inorganic Ions and Metabolites

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Frohlich ◽  
A Fischer ◽  
G Ochs ◽  
A Wild ◽  
U Feller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Ph Range

Glutamine synthetase in extracts from young wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves was quite stable at pH 7.0-9.0, whereas it was remarkably more labile below and above this range. Added extract from senescing wheat leaves accelerated the inactivation over the whole investigated pH range (6.0-10.5) and was most effective around pH 8.5-9.0. At pH 7.5, glutamine synthetase inactivation by endogenous or other supplied endopeptidases was delayed in the presence of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride and L-lysine, while potassium chloride stabilised only slightly. No major effect was caused by the addition of sucrose, L-alanine, L-serine or glycine. These results, and the fact that the stabilities of various enzymes are affected differently by the same solutes, suggest stabilising interactions with the substrate protein (glutamine synthetase) rather than effects on the inactivating endopeptidases. From immunoblots, it became evident that the inactivation of glutamine synthetase was paralleled by the degradation of the intact subunit. A smaller fragment was detected on immunoblots during the catabolism of this enzyme. Stabilising solutes retarded the loss of the intact subunit and the formation of the fragment. Solute concentrations must be considered as factors regulating the catabolism of a particular protein by given proteolytic activities.

The relationship between lodging and plant height in a diverse wheat population

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Navabi ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
K. Strenzke ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the genetic variation for lodging tolerance in different plant height groups, within a diverse population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (n = 14 0). Lodging was artificially induced by dragging a weighted apparatus across plots twice during the season at early and late milk stages. Grain yield was negatively correlated with lodging, while lodging scores were positively correlated with plant height. Although plant height appeared to be the major contributor to lodging tolerance, some variation was also observed in taller plants. This suggests that genetic gain in lodging tolerance can be obtained, to some extent, independent of plant height. Key words: Plant height, lodging tolerance, Triticum aestivum L., CIMMYT, Canada

Postanthesis biomass accumulation and respiration in shaded and unshaded wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020
Author(s):  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Respiration Coefficient

Respiration significantly influences the carbon balance of a crop. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), biomass equivalent to between 40 and 75% final grain mass can be lost through shoot respiration during grain fill. This study examines the relationship between changes in biomass and respiration of the aboveground plant parts of shaded and unshaded wheat during grain fill. Two spring wheat cultivars, Max and Katepwa, were grown indoors with and without shade, and various biomass components and aboveground CO2 efflux rates were determined from anthesis to maturity. Maximum leaf biomass in Max was attained prior to anthesis while in unshaded Katepwa plants leaf biomass increased up to 35 d after anthesis. The stem changed from functioning as a source and became a sink 28 and 35 d after anthesis in the control plants of Max and Katepwa, respectively. The effect of shading on spike growth became apparent two weeks after anthesis. The CO2 efflux rate for unshaded Max and Katepwa plants declined significantly from 279 to 122 and from 210 to 141 mg CO2 plant−1 d−1, respectively, from anthesis through to maturity. Imposition of shade resulted in significantly lower CO2 efflux rates compared to the unshaded plants. Shade, however, exerted no influence on the estimated maintenance respiration coefficient (m) of a two component respiration model, although this coefficient declined 88% in Max throughout grain fill and declined up to 14 d after anthesis and remained stable thereafter in Katepwa. It was concluded, therefore, that shading affects total respiration through its impact on growth, but exerts no direct effect on the basic pattern of change in maintenance respiration during grainfill. Key words: Biomass accumulation, respiration rate, maintenance respiration coefficient, Triticum aestivum L.

The relationship between frost tolerance and generative induction in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Bergjord ◽  
A K Bakken ◽  
A O Skjelvåg
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Nature

The quantitative nature of the vernalization and photoperiod requirements and the interference of plant age with these mechanisms complicate predictions of generative induction and its relation to frost tolerance. This study was designed to dissect further the course of development towards full generative induction and to time the stages in frost tolerance. Two cultivars of winter wheat were regularly sampled from fields at four sites during three winters. The apex stage of development was observed at time of sampling and after 3 subsequent weeks of growth at 18°C, under either short or long days. Level of frost tolerance at sampling was also recorded. No visible change in apex appearance was found at time of sampling, but readiness of plants to initiate generative development was enhanced. Vernalization by low temperatures alone was not enough to induce the plants into generative development or initiate loss of frost tolerance. Short day conditions after sampling delayed the appearance of double ridges by 6-9 wk as compared with long day conditions. The timing of maximum frost tolerance and its subsequent decrease indicated that generative induction under the short day conditions prevailing in field occurred about 1 mo after vernalization saturation.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., frost tolerance, generative induction, vernalization, photoperiod

Changes in DNA methylation are associated with heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression of the multi-ovary gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Guo ◽  
Gaisheng Zhang ◽  
Huali Tang ◽  
Yulong Song ◽  
Shoucai Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Variety DUOII is a multi-ovary line of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has two or three pistils and three stamens. The multi-ovary trait is controlled by a dominant gene, the expression of which can be suppressed by the special heterogeneous cytoplasm of line TeZhiI (TZI). TZI has the nucleus of common wheat and the cytoplasm of Aegilops. DUOII (♀) × TZI (♂) shows the multi-ovary trait, whereas TZI (♀) × DUOII (♂) shows the mono-ovary trait. DNA methylation affects gene expression and plays a crucial role in organ and tissue differentiation. In order to study the relationship between DNA methylation and the suppression of the multi-ovary gene, we used methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms (MSAP) to assess the DNA methylation status of the reciprocal crosses. Genome-wide, 14 584 CCGG sites were detected and the overall methylation levels were 31.10% and 30.76% in the respective crosses DUOII × TZI and TZI × DUOII. Compared with DUOII × TZI, TZI × DUOII showed 672 sites (4.61%) in which methylation–demethylation processes occurred. The results showed that the special heterogeneous cytoplasm significantly changed DNA methylation, and this might have suppressed the multi-ovary gene. The results provide insight into the changing patterns of DNA methylation in the suppression of the multi-ovary gene, and provide essential background for further studies on the underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression of the expression of the multi-ovary gene in wheat.

The addition of Aegilops variabilis chromosomes to Triticum aestivum and their identification

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Jewell ◽  
C. J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis ◽  
The Relationship

Nine of the 14 possible single chromosome addition lines of the tetraploid species Aegilops variabilis Eig. (CuCuSvSv) to Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (AA BB DD) have been isolated and identified. The nine Aegilops variabilis addition lines were compared with the available addition lines of Aegilops umbellulata (CuCu) and Aegilops longissima (SvSv) to further elucidate the relationship between these two diploids and the tetraploid Aegilops variabilis. Differences were observed between the same chromosomes isolated from the diploid and the tetraploid and discussed. After taking into account banding pattern polymorphisms, Aegilops umbellulata was confirmed as the donor of the Cu genome, and evidence indicated that Aegilops longissima probably is the donor of the other genome (Sv) in the tetraploid Aegilops variabilis.

YIELD PERFORMANCE OF EIGHT WHEAT CULTIVARS IN TWO- AND THREE-ROW PLOTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. De PAUW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Test

Yield performance of eight wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) was compared in two-row plots with 38 cm between rows and in three-row plots with 19 cm between rows. The cultivar × row spacing interaction was nonsignificant in each of four tests. The range of cultivar yield from two-row plots as a percentage of the mean was similar to that for cultivar yield from three-row plots. Duncan’s multiple range test was applied to yield of cultivars grown in two-row and three-row plots. The grouping of cultivar yield from two-row plots was very similar to the grouping of cultivar yield from three-row plots. The standard error of a mean and coefficient of variation were consistently lower for three-row plots than for two-row plots. The relationship between yield performance of a line in two-row plots and three-row plots was positive, such that two-row plots would be suitable for early generation progeny yield tests with final evaluation in multiple-row plots.

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