EFFECT OF MEFLUIDIDE APPLICATION DATE ON YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF Bromus SPECIES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. VAN ESBROECK ◽  
V. S. BARON
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

The plant growth regulator mefluidide (N- [2,4-dimethyl 5 [[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide) has been used to enhance forage quality in several temperate grass species, but results have been inconsistent. This study was carried out to determine if stage of apical development at time of mefluidide application influenced subsequent forage yield and quality. Mefluidide was applied at 0.3 kg ha−1 to smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem and Schult.) at six weekly intervals beginning 27 April during 1984 and 1985 at Lacombe, Alberta. Stage of apical development at mefluidide application time was monitored closely in smooth bromegrass. Dry matter (DM) yield and quality parameters were measured at the hard dough stage. Maximum yield reductions and quality enhancement occurred consistently following an application during the first week in May. This application time (2–4 May) corresponded to a developmental stage just prior to jointing and after double ridge formation in smooth bromegrass. The 2–4 May application resulted in a 26 and 43% reduction in DM yield, a 7.8 and 6.2% increase in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and a 41 and 50% increase in crude protein for smooth and meadow bromegrass, respectively. Fiber fractions, except hemicellulose, both on a DM and cell-wall basis, were also lowest at this application date for both species. IVDOM was negatively correlated to plant height and lignin content both on a cell-wall and DM basis. This indicated that improved quality was associated with a reduction in stem material. A negative correlation between plant height and yield was also observed. It is recommended that, for quality enhancement in smooth and meadow bromegrass, mefluidide be applied after growth has resumed in spring, but prior to jointing.Key words: Bromus species, mefluidide, application date, forage yield and quality

Effects of Clethodim on Seedhead Density, Forage Yield, and Quality of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Reynolds ◽  
William A. Krueger ◽  
Cynthia L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Date

Clethodim was applied to tall fescue to determine the effects of application timing (fall, early spring, mid-spring), rate (0, 5.6, 11.2, or 22.4 g ai ha−1), and use of crop oil (0 or 2.3 L ha−1) on seedhead density and forage yield and quality of tall fescue. Increasing the rate of clethodim or adding crop oil reduced seedhead density and forage yield, and generally improved forage quality. There was no effect of application date in 1988 and 1990, but seedhead density and forage yield decreased from the November to the March application date in 1989.

High forage yield and quality of sudan grass ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) cultivated in calcareous soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
M. Selim
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Yield And Quality

Sudan grass and pearl millet are major warm season dryland crops, primarily grown for grain production and used as a major source of dietary energy. Both crops are highly water use efficient and belong to the C 4 group of species with high photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation rates. Both sudan grass and pearl millet have good forage quality, with an adequate crude protein content; that of pearl millet (8.7%) is higher than that of sorghum (6.0%). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in the Western Delta Region at El-Naubaria, 40 km south of Alexandria, over two successive seasons to evaluate the forage yield and quality of sudan grass and pearl millet. Field experiments were established on calcareous soils, with five fertilization treatments. The results indicate that pearl millet surpassed sudan grass in fresh (6.56 t/ha) and dry yield (2.91 t/ha), which was 8.89% and 5.26% more, respectively, than for sudan grass. As regards the forage quality, pearl millet had good digestibility and was lower in fibre than sudan grass.

Effect of various levels of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
B. B. Singh ◽  
Ravendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Botany, Janta Mahavidiyalaya Ajeetmal, Auraiya (C. S. J. M. University, Kanpur) during 2014, to evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize. 3 treatments were taken up (viz.,T1 75, T2 100 and T3 125 kg nitrogen ha-1 along with control (T0).Plant height, dry matter accumulations (t ha-1), forage yield (t ha-1) increased with increasing levels of nitrogen, while stem diameters (cm), leaf area (cm2), fresh weight (g), crude protein percent decreased with increasing levels of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Boot Stage Forage Yield and Quality of Pearl Millet as Influenced by Organo-mineral Fertilizer Rates in Humid Rainforest Zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajayi ◽  
G. O. Ajayi ◽  
S. I. Nwagbara
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Yield And Quality

An experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Federal College of Agriculture, Akure to investigate the effects of different levels of organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) on forage yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br). The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Five levels of OMF at 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4t/ha and 100 kg/ha N.P.K. 15:15:15 were used. Pearl millet seeds were sown at the rate of 10 kg/ha. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the plant height, fresh and dry forage yield obtained at boot stage. The following ranges were obtained in the investigated traits among the fertilizer applications; plant height 1.08-2.54 m, fresh forage yield 24.37-59.10t/ha and dry matter yield of 4.25-10.67 t/ha. Quality parameters (CP, CF, EE, NFE and Ash) showed significant increase with higher levels of OMF applied. The ranges obtained were: CP 8.56-13.32%, EE 15.82-16.1%, EE 7.14-8.69%, Ash 11.46-16.07%, NFE 33.38-44.48 and moisture content 9.49-11.58%. The study concludes that organo-mineral fertilizer application at 4t/ha is particularly effective in improving the forage yield and quality of pearl millet.

Success hybrid bromegrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Forage Yields ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Success hybrid bromegrass was selected from populations produced by backcrossing smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with hybrid populations resulting from crosses between meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth bromegrass. Success has a unique array of plant characteristics, some similar to meadow bromegrass, and others more similar to smooth bromegrass; overall, it more closely resembles smooth brome. In regional trials in the prairie provinces of western Canada, Success produced forage yields greater than meadow brome, but lower than smooth bromegrass. In the drier brown soil zone of the prairie provinces, Success was superior to both meadow and smooth bromegrass in forage yield. It was superior to smooth bromegrass in regrowth after cutting and had lower concentrations of acid-detergent fiber than meadow bromegrass. Key words: Hybrid bromegrass, Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis, cultivar description

Detection of yield-independent forage quality differences among timothy genotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Deguchi ◽  
H. Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

The trade-off between forage yield and quality would be minimized by selecting a genotype that produces high-quality forage regardless of yield. This paper attempts to detect forage quality differences among timothy (Phleum pratense L.) genotypes that are independent of yield. Two separate field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 on an Ando loamy sand in Hokkaido, Japan. For exp. 1, timothy plants (cv. Nosap) were harvested at various maturity stages for the first, second, and third cuts in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the relationships of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) yields with dry matter (DM) yield. The relationship between NDF and DM yields was positive and linear across different cuts (r2 =  0.98–0.99), and was slightly affected by year. In contrast, the relationship between CP and DM yields depended on the cuts (r2 = 0.01–0.98). In exp. 2, four genotypes were evaluated in 1994 to compare the coefficients of the NDF vs. DM yield regressions using ANCOVA. The comparison showed that the NDF yields of Kitami 20, Kitami 21, and Hokuo were less than that of Nosap (P < 0.01) for a wide range of DM yields (150–700 g m-2). Thus, NDF concentrations were lower in the former genotypes across varying forage yields. Using the regression lines as indices could facilitate selection of timothy genotypes that reduce the trade-off between yield and quality, although further experiments are needed to confirm the usefulness of this method. Key words: Acid detergent fibre, crude protein, forage yield, neutral detergent fibre, timothy

MEFLUIDIDE EFFECTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SMOOTH BROMEGRASS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
G. A. VAN ESBROECK ◽  
A. C. DICK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Almost All

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures are characterized by poor seasonal yield distribution and low animal productivity during the late season. The plant growth regulator mefluidide (N-[2,4-dimethyl-5[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide) was applied to smooth bromegrass prior to jointing at 0 (Control), 0.15 (Low) and 0.30 (High) kg ha−1 to effect yield redistribution and improve forage quality in a three-cut system (preboot, cut 2 and cut 3) and in initial stages of growth at preboot, anthesis and hard dough stages. Almost all differences, due to mefluidide treatment, were confined to stages of accumulated growth and to cut 2 of the three-cut regime. Yield distribution was improved over years for both High and Low treatments compared to the Control as a result of decreased preboot and increased cut 2 yields. Total yield for the three cuts was 88% and 83% of the Control for Low and High treatments, respectively. Yield was reduced to 32, 66 and 85% of the Control by the High treatment at preboot, anthesis and hard dough stages of initial growth. Forage quality was generally improved uniformly over stages of initial growth, where leaf to stem ratio increased. Crude protein and in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) increased, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and cellulose decreased over initial growth stages. IVOMD, NDF, ADF and cellulose increased at cut 2; lignin decreased at cut 3. Mefluidide effectively modified yield distribution in smooth bromegrass, but whether the improvements in forage quality shown through chemical analyses follow through to animal performance must be studied further.Key words: Bromegrass (smooth), mefluidide, yield distribution, forage quality

scholarly journals Forage yield and quality of three rainfed crops in four-row and six-row seedbeds using different fertilization methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Esteban Salvador Osuna-Ceja ◽  
◽  
José Pimentel-López ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gamiño ◽  
Benjamín Figueroa-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: In the temperate-semiarid region of Aguascalientes, Mexico, most of the rural population depends on rainfed agriculture related to the family milk production system. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different fertilization practices on forage yield and quality of three rainfed crops in four- and six-row seedbeds. Methodology: Five fertilization treatments were evaluated: T1) control (no fertilization), T2) chemical fertilization (40-40-00 kg·ha-1 of N-P-K), T3) mixture (28-40-00 kg·ha-1 and 26 kg of zeolite), T4) organic fertilizer (5 t·ha-1 of bovine manure) and T5) mycorrhiza (inoculation with 350 g·ha-1 of mycorrhizal substrate). Maize and sunflowers were planted in four rows, and sorghum in six rows. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Results: Dry matter yield in relation to the control, in T2, T3 and T4 was 100, 84 and 26 % for maize, 123, 177 and 67 % for sunflowers, and 52, 49 and 91 % for sorghum, respectively. T5 was higher compared to T1, but without statistical difference. Forage quality of the three crops showed no increase, except for crude protein in T2 and T3. Limitations of the study: Results correspond to a single cycle (spring-summer). Originality: Good agronomic practices for forage production were established. Conclusions: Agronomic practices (minimum tillage, in situ rainwater harvesting, sowing methods and fertilization) generate a positive effect on yield and forage quality in rainfed crops.

CAUSAL EFFECTS AMONG FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY MEASURES OI SMOOTH BROMEGRASS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. CASLER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Future improvement of forage quality in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and other species will require a knowledge of the chemical and structural factors most limiting to digestibility and intake of dry matter by ruminants. The objective of this study was to estimate direct and indirect effects from path analysis of several forage constituents on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and forage yield of smooth bromegrass. Six hundred and fifteen spaced plants of B8HD smooth bromegrass were harvested at Arlington, Wis. in June 1982 to assess dry matter yield and forage constituents. Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate IVDMD, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, acid detergent hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin, and ash based on a random calibration subset of 75 plants. Five independent variables comprised the path analysis model: crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. None of the variables directly or indirectly affected forage yield. Lignin and cellulose concentrations had the overwhelmingly largest direct effects on IVDMD, while hemicellulose was important only when expressed as a percentage of the cell wall. Crude protein was important, but only to a small extent, while ash had no effect on IVDMD. The largest indirect effects on IVDMD were generally indirect effects of each character through correlated changes in lignin and indirect effects of lignin through correlated changes in other characters. The large effects of lignin support previous work establishing lignin as the primary factor limiting IVDMD. The importance of cellulose compared to hemicellulose, a result contrary to many current theories on the role of cell walls in rumen digestion, emphasizes at least three factors contributing to differences between this study and previous studies: (1) species differences, (2) genetic vs. species and maturity effects, and (3) analytical procedures. Current evidence suggests a cell wall ideotype should have reduced cellulose and lignin with either reduced or unchanged hemicellulose concentration.Key words: Bromus inermis Leyss., cellulose, hemicellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility, lignin, forage yield

Comparison of Herbicide Programs for Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Dillehay ◽  
William S. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Herbicide Programs

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness and crop safety of glyphosate vs. alternative herbicides for weed control in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa. Glyphosate-resistant alfalfa was established at two sites in Pennsylvania in 2004 and in 2005, and herbicides were applied either PRE or POST for weed control. Data were collected on herbicide performance, alfalfa and weed yield, and forage quality. Alfalfa forage response to weed control was variable and depended on weed severity. A single or split application of glyphosate provided similar or better weed control than conventionally based herbicide programs. The most differences from weed control occurred during the first harvest and dissipated in subsequent harvests. Cumulative alfalfa yield for the establishment year of the spring seeding was 26% lower in the untreated check relative to the mean of the herbicide-treated plots in 2004; but no differences were detected in 2005. Forage quality was highest where weed content of the forage was lowest. Effective management of weeds with herbicides during alfalfa establishment can improve forage yield and quality, and weed control is particularly important when summer annual weed populations are severe and emerge with the crop.

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