THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS. 94. Sonchus arvensis L.

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANDA K. LEMNA ◽  
CALVIN G. MESSERSMITH
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
And Control

Perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) was introduced into North America from Europe and Asia and is distributed widely throughout the Canadian provinces. Two varieties are common; var. arvensis and var. glabrescens differ morphologically in the presence or absence of glandular hairs on peduncles and involucral bracts, respectively. Both varieties are common along roadsides and river and lake shores and in waste areas and cultivated fields throughout their introduced and native ranges. The perennial nature and ability to spread both by spreading roots and by seed make these weeds difficult to control. Details on the morphology, cytology, distribution, reproductive and population biology, and control methods are reviewed.Key words: Distribution, perennial sow-thistle, smooth perennial sow-thistle, weed biology

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 75. Bromus tectorum L.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA ◽  
DOUGLAS McILVRIDE ◽  
ROY TURKINGTON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
Competitive Success ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
And Control

Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome), introduced to North America from Europe before 1861, has spread throughout most of the continent. It is present in all Canadian provinces except Newfoundland and is particularly abundant in southwestern Alberta and southern British Columbia. The ubiquitous nature of B. tectorum and its dual role as a serious weed and an important forage have resulted in extensive documentation on various aspects of its biology. Intensive research efforts have been expended in understanding its competitive success, and in implementing management and control practices. This paper reviews and summarizes literature on the biology of B. tectorum.Key words: Bromus tectorum, downy brome, cheatgrass, weed biology

The biology of Canadian weeds. 106. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenija Vujnovic ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Linaria Dalmatica ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Dalmatian Toadflax ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The 1960S

Dalmatian Toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. (Scrophulariaceae), is an important weed of rangelands, agricultural crops and waste areas in North America. The literature is less extensive than for the closely related yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.). Introduced from Eurasia as an ornamental plant into North America by 1894, it became naturalized in seven Canadian provinces and all of the United States of America west of the 100th meridian except for New Mexico. In North America it ranges from ca. 35° to 56°N latitude and it grows from near sea level to altitudes up to ca. 2800 m. Production of up to one-half million seeds per plant and its long-lived perennial nature make the species highly competitive and able to invade cropland and even stands of native ungrazed vegetation. Linaria dalmatica is a hemicryptophyte with strong vegetative reproduction and dormant seeds. Growth of creeping roots after removal of aboveground plant parts limits the effectiveness of control treatments such as grazing, clipping, mowing or burning. Several herbicides control the species for the short term; the smooth and waxy leaf surfaces may hinder herbicide uptake. Experimental biological control with insects since the 1960s shows promise. Key words: Linaria dalmatica, Dalmatian toadflax, Scrophulariaceae, weed biology, control, review

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 78. Galeopsis tetrahit L.

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
M. P. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
North America ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Weed Ecology ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Crop Seed

Galeopsis tetrahit is an annual weed which was introduced to North America from Eurasia. It is present in all Canadian provinces and occupies a wide range of habitats including cultivated fields. It favors well-watered nutrient-rich soils and occurs infrequently in the drier brown soil zones of the southern Canadian prairies. Low soil moisture may be a major factor limiting its distribution and spread. It can reduce crop yields, contaminate crop seed and act as a reservoir for disease-causing organisms. A number of herbicides are available for its control.Key words: Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit L., weed ecology, weed biology

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 87. Cynoglossum officinale L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA ◽  
HEIDY R. TILSNER ◽  
MICHAEL D. PITT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Cynoglossum Officinale ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
And Control

Cynoglossum officinale L. is a biennial or short-lived perennial weed which reproduces by seed. It has been introduced to North America from Eurasia. Although usually not a weed of cultivated fields, C. officinale may become a serious rangeland weed. High seed production, seed dormancy, dissemination by attaching seeds to animal hair, wool and fur, plus the ability to withstand environmental stress are important in the success of C. officinale as a weed. Because C. officinale foliage is toxic to both cattle and horses, it is a particular problem in areas where grazing occurs. This paper reviews the biology and control of C. officinale.Key words: Weed biology, Cynoglossum officinale L., hound’s tongue

Cooperative ship formation system and control methods in the ship lock waterway

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 108826
Author(s):  
Chenguang Liu ◽  
Junlin Qi ◽  
Xiumin Chu ◽  
Mao Zheng ◽  
Wei He
Keyword(s):  
Control Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Ship Lock

scholarly journals Research on influence factors and control methods of backfill compactness

2021 ◽  
Vol 787 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
Yudian Li ◽  
Jiajie Dong ◽  
Kai Fei ◽  
Hao Song ◽  
Zeyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
And Control
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