scholarly journals BROADENING THE GENETIC BASE OF CASSAVA, Manihot esculenta Crantz, BY INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAGIB M. A. NASSAR
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Controlled Crosses

Controlled crosses by vector insects resulted in the production of interspecific hybrids of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Manihot species, while manual crosses failed. Marker genes for hairy stem, red disk, unribbed fruit, and foliaceous brackteoles proved efficient in recognizing interspecific hybridization between Manihot species and cassava.Key words: Wild cassava, Manihot neusana, Manihot anomala, interspecific hybridization, marker genes

Development and selection for apomixis in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagib M. A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Controlled Crosses

Apomixis provides fixation of heterosis and avoids contamination of seedlings by diseases. Observations on offspring uniformity for selected morphological characteristics and use of a marker gene in controlled crosses produced facultative apomictic lines in cassava. Cytogenetic analysis showed apomixis occurrence to be associated with aneuploidy and interspecific hybridization. Key words: Wild species, aneuploidy, interspecific hybridization

scholarly journals Hybridization and Self-compatibility in Celtis: AFLP Analysis of Controlled Crosses

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T. Whittemore ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Controlled Crosses

Artificial cross-pollinations were carried out among seven species of Celtis L. (C. bungeana Blume, C. koraiensis Nakai, C. laevigata Willd., C. occidentalis L., C. reticulata Torr., C. sinensis Pers., and C. tenuifolia Nutt.) to test the potential for interspecific hybridization in Celtis breeding. AFLP profiles were used to assess the ancestry of progeny. Hybrids formed very rarely among these seven species of Celtis: only two interspecific hybrids were obtained. Self-pollination occurred occasionally in non-emasculated trees. AFLP analysis yielded false paternal markers at a very low frequency, likely due to DNA methylation differences. Plants with unexpected paternal markers were confidently distinguished from hybrids by calculating the probability of obtaining the observed number of paternal markers by chance. The study clearly demonstrated the importance of using large numbers of markers.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

CONJUNTURA DO MERCADO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) NO BRASIL E NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Seleksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Lokal Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Asal Indonesia berdasarkan Karakter Umbi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

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