STATUS OF BUNT RESISTANCE IN WESTERN CANADIAN SPRING WHEAT AND TRITICALE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. GAUDET ◽  
B. J. PUCHALSKI
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
Virulence Pattern

The reaction of western Canadian spring wheat and triticale to a composite of races of common bunt (Tilletia caries and T. foetida) was assessed in field studies conducted over 2 yr at three locations. Triticale and durum wheat were designated immune or highly resistant. Among cultivars of hard red spring wheat, Columbus was the most resistant followed by Katepwa, Leader, and Lancer. Neepawa, Park, and Marquis were intermediate in resistance. Roblin and Laura were susceptible. The Canadian Prairie Spring wheats HY320 and HY360 were highly susceptible and susceptible, respectively, whereas Oslo was intermediate in resistance. The utility wheats Wildcat and Glenlea were highly susceptible and intermediate, respectively. The soft white wheats Owens and Fielder were susceptible. The reaction of the cultivars to individual bunt races was evaluated under controlled environment conditions to identify specific Bt resistance genes. This revealed the presence of Bt1 in the cultivar Canuck and Bt10 in the line BW-553. Resistance in the other cultivars of hard red spring wheat appeared to be race nonspecific in nature. Race specificity was apparent in durum wheat but the virulence pattern could not be employed to identify specific Bt resistance genes. The potential impact of seeding large acreages to spring wheat cultivars that are highly susceptible to common bunt is discussed.Key words: Tilletia caries, Tilletia foetida, bunt (common)

scholarly journals Trace Elements in Western Canadian Hard Red Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Levels and Quality Assurance

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1953-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene J Gawalko ◽  
Robert G Garrett ◽  
Thomas W Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract A monitoring program was conducted for trace elements in Western Canadian Hard Red Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Samples were selected from harvest survey samples submitted by producers from crop districts in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta for 1996, 1997, and 1998 crops. The analytical quality control measures used in these surveys are described along with the results for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn. Accuracy and precision for the analyses fell within the acceptable control limits. Year-to-year variations in grain chemistry were small for Cd, Mn, Se, and Zn, but Cu and Fe contents showed 12 and 9% decreases, respectively, over the 3 years. The overall variability for the plant-essential trace elements—Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn—was low compared with that for Cd and Se. The spatial variation in crop chemistry across the Canadian Prairie wheat-producing region was greater than the year-to-year variations. Soil properties were major factors in controlling Cd and Se levels in grain.

Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Cultivar Responses to Trifluralin and Postemergence Herbicides

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Jim F. Gaffney ◽  
Leon J. Wrage
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Cultivar Responses ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Trifluralin is used for weed control in wheat but may reduce vegetative growth and yield. Postemergence (POST) herbicides may cause additional plant stress to trifluralin-stressed wheat. Field studies at Groton, SD in 1991 and 1992 and at Highmore, SD in 1992 evaluated the effects of 2,4-D-amine, difenzoquat, metsulfuron, and a combination of fenoxaprop-ethyl + 2,4-D-ester + MCPA-ester on hard red spring wheat cultivars ‘2375,’ ‘Prospect,’ and ‘Butte 86’ seeded in areas treated with preplant incorporated trifluralin either in the spring before seeding (0.56 kg ai/ha) or the previous year (1.12 or 2.24 kg ai/ha). Trifluralin applied alone in the spring, and followed by some POST herbicides, reduced shoot dry weight and grain yield. Trifluralin reduced the yield of Prospect the most and the yield of 2375 the least. Yields of trifluralin-treated wheat were reduced 23% by metsulfuron and 14% by fenoxaprop-ethyl + 2,4-D + MCPA compared to yields of wheat treated with only the respective POST herbicide. Yields were not reduced with any trifluralin-POST herbicide combination when trifluralin was applied a year prior to seeding wheat.

NATURE OF PROTEINS IN TRITICALE AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES: I. SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF ENDOSPERM PROTEINS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. CHEN ◽  
W. BUSHUK
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Endosperm Proteins ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

Solubility characteristics and amino acid composition of the endosperm proteins of one line of Triticale, its durum wheat and rye parent cultivars, and one cultivar of hard red spring wheat were compared. Quantitative distribution of the soluble protein fractions and amino acid compositions showed that the proteins of Triticale are intermediate in these properties between analogous properties of the proteins of its durum wheat and rye parents. The major differences between the hard red spring wheat and the other three species were its lower content of water-soluble proteins and higher content of insoluble or gluten proteins. This appears lo be the main reason for the superior breadmaking quality of the hard red spring wheat cultivar compared with the other species used in this study.

RAPID DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE IN GRAIN: III. CALIBRATION AND COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL MOISTURE METERS WITH VACUUM OVEN FOR AMBER DURUM WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Cook ◽  
J. W. Hopkins ◽  
W. F. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moisture Basis ◽  
Limited Moisture

The previous study has been extended to include durum wheat, barley and oats. The hand-operated Tag-Heppenstall meter was found to be unsatisfactory with these grains, as they would not feed into the roller electrodes in a suitable manner. The Burton-Pitt gave erratic results with these grains and it was only possible to calibrate this meter over a limited moisture range, and even over this range it was more inaccurate than the other meters. Qualitatively the calibration curves for these three grains, in the Limbrick and motor Tag-Heppenstall, were similar to those previously obtained with hard red spring wheat. The actual resistance and the slope of the curves were, however, somewhat different for the different grains. The standard error of prediction shows that the motor-operated Tag-Heppenstall was the most accurate meter for use with durum wheat and barley, while the Limbrick was superior with oats. With the limited number of samples available it was impossible to detect any significant difference between the temperature coefficients, in any particular meter, of the different grains. When converted to a moisture basis the correction factors were practically the same as for hard red spring wheat.The results from the entire investigation show that the Brown-Duvel method is more accurate than the 130 °C. air oven method with all grains studied. The motor-operated Tag-Heppenstall meter is as accurate as the Brown-Duvel with hard red spring wheat, over the moisture range 11.0 to 17.0%, and is superior to the air oven method over this limited range. Otherwise the rapid analytical methods are more accurate than any of the moisture meters tested with any of the grains. The meters fall in the following order of decreasing accuracy over the moisture range 11.0 to 17.0%:–with hard red spring wheat; motor Tag-Heppenstall, Limbrick, hand Tag-Heppenstall, Burton-Pitt and Davies: with durum wheat and barley; motor Tag-Heppenstall, Limbrick and Burton-Pitt: and with oats; Limbrick, Burton-Pitt and motor Tag-Heppenstall. Where a meter is not mentioned no tests were made, the instrument having been omitted because it gave no promise of practical utility.

AAC Elie hard red spring wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-927
Author(s):  
R.D. Cuthbert ◽  
R.M. DePauw ◽  
R.E. Knox ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
T.N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Flour Yield

AAC Elie hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grain yield and time to maturity within the range of the checks. AAC Elie has an awned spike, a low lodging score indicative of strong straw, and a short plant stature typical of a semidwarf. These traits were comparable to the check Carberry. AAC Elie expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, and intermediate resistance to fusarium head blight, yellow rust, common bunt, and loose smut. Compared with the five Canada Western Red Spring checks, AAC Elie has improved flour yield, and lower flower ash. AAC Elie is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring.

AC Abbey hard red spring wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Moderate Resistance

AC Abbey, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is adapted to the Canadian prairies. It is significantly shorter than any of the check cultivars and has solid stems. AC Abbey expressed higher grain yield, earlier maturity, and heavier kernels than AC Eatonia, the solidstem check cultivar. It is resistant to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) and to prevalent races of common bunt and has moderate resistance to leaf rust and stem rust. AC Abbey is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring wheat. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., red spring wheat, yield, wheat stem sawfly, plant height, maturity

The effects of selected factors on measured ergot alkaloid content in Claviceps purpurea-infected hexaploid and durum wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Tittlemier ◽  
D. Drul ◽  
M. Roscoe ◽  
J.G. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Line

Four wheat genotypes, including the ergot-susceptible durum ‘AC Avonlea’ and hard red spring wheat ‘AC Cadillac’, as well as the resistant durum wheat line 9260B-173A and the hard red spring wheat line ‘Kenya Farmer’ wereinoculated with different Claviceps purpurea isolates. Honeydew and sclerotia were collected and analysed for 10 ergot alkaloids. Total concentrations of the 10 ergot alkaloids ranged from 16 µg/kg in honeydew to 1,798 mg/kg insclerotia. Ergonovine and ergosine were the predominant alkaloids in honeydew obtained from plants inoculated with various isolates, whereas ergocristine and ergocryptine were the main alkaloids observed in sclerotia. Bothhost plant and C. purpurea isolate were significant factors affecting total ergot alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia. Irrespective of host plant line, all mean total ergot alkaloid concentrations were higher in sclerotia produced from the EI-2 isolate (695-1,010 mg/kg), as compared to EI-4 (255-594 mg/kg). The mass of total ergot alkaloids was alsopositively correlated with the mass of individual sclerotia produced from these two C. purpurea isolates, with the slope of the regression higher for the EI-2 isolate. The total ergot alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia from various plants inoculated with the same C. purpurea isolate differed; however, the resistance of host plant line did notappear to be consistent with ergot alkaloid content in sclerotia. Concentrations of total ergot alkaloids were highestand lowest in sclerotia from the two lines that are both classified as ‘resistant’, suggesting that the mechanism ofresistance for these lines is not restriction on the production of ergot alkaloids in sclerotia.

Variability of resistance to common bunt of wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pospisil ◽  
J. Benada ◽  
I. Polisenská
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

During 1997–1998, the reaction of the collections of winter and spring wheat varieties to Tilletia caries was determined. In both years the most diseased winter varieties were Simona and Sparta, the least diseased were Samara and Ilona. High variability in the level of infection was observed in some varieties (VIada, Estica, Regina, Vega). No winter wheat variety was completely resistant. The most diseased spring wheat variety was Alexandria in both years, while Grandur showed no infection. High variability in the level of infection was observed in the special trials with cv. Ina and Contra. In trials of the efficacy of seed dressing against T. caries and T. laevis there was variability only in the controls, but not in dressed variants.

McKenzie hard red spring wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Graf ◽  
P. Hucl ◽  
B. R. Orshinsky ◽  
K. K. Kartha
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
High Test ◽  
Hagberg Falling Number

McKenzie hard red spring wheat is the first doubled haploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered in Canada. Evaluation in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration tests from 1994 to 1996 was relative to Neepawa, Katepwa, Roblin and AC M ajestic. McKenzie displayed high grain yield, early maturity, high test weight and high Hagberg falling number. It had resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust, leaf rust, and common bunt, and exhibited intermediate resistance to Fusarium head bligh t. McKenzie is well adapted to all areas of the Canadian prairies and eligible for all grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Key words:

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