EFFECT OF ALDICARB, ALDOXYCARB AND OXAMYL ON POTATO TUBER YIELDS AND ROOT LESION NEMATODES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIMPINSKI ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

In a 3-yr field study at Upton, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb at 1.12 and 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 and oxamyl at 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 were applied in the furrow with seed potatoes. Nematicide treatments increased tuber yields of Superior by 15.5% (4.6 t ha−1) and yields of Russet Burbank by 9.3% (3.4 t ha−1). Shepody did not respond to nematicide treatments. The effect of aldicarb on average yields of all three cultivars did not differ from that of oxamyl, nor did yields at the higher rate of aldicarb differ from those at the lower rate. In a two-year field study at Harrington, Prince Edward Island, aldicarb and aldoxycarb applied at a rate of 2.24 kg a.i. ha−1 increased yields of Superior by similar amounts of about 40% (9.4 t ha−1). Oxamyl applied at the same rate in the second year had the same impact on yields as aldicarb or aldoxycarb. Nematicide treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) in roots and soil at Upton. Both rates of aldicarb had a similar impact, but oxamyl was less effective than the aldicarb treatments in reducing nematode numbers in roots. At Harrington, aldicarb controlled nematode populations more efficiently than aldoxycarb in soil in the first year and in roots in the second year. Aldoxycarb and oxamyl reduced nematode populations to a similar degree.Key words: Aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl, Pratylenchus penetrans, Solanum tuberosum

Pratylenchus penetrans and P. neglectus in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. Olthof ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were extracted from peels of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum 'Russet Burbank'). The average number of P. penetrans recovered over a 2-wk period in a mist chamber from four batches of tubers, stored for 3–18 wk at 7 °C in a cold room, ranged from 11 to 1925 nematodes tuber−1. An average of 374 Pratylenchus neglectus tuber−1 were recovered from the peels of potato Norchip, grown in soil containing on average 4370 nematodes kg−1 of soil at harvest, and stored for 19 wk at 7 °C. P. penetrans and P. neglectus were recovered only from the outer layer of potato tubers; none was found in the inner core. Planting halves of tubers containing an average of 1925 P. penetrans tuber−1 into nematode-free soil resulted in soil population densities of 2225 P. penetrans kg−1 of soil and root population densities of 884 nematodes root system−1 after 8 wk in the greenhouse. Although many, if not most, potato fields in southern Ontario are already infested by P. penetrans, these studies have shown that stored, infested tubers can initiate a new infestation. Key words: Peel, potato tuber, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, root-lesion nematode, Solanum tuberosum

ESTABLISHMENT OF A REDHAVEN PEACH ORCHARD WITH Pratylenchus penetrans-INFESTED AND NONINFESTED ROOTSTOCKS IN A FUMIGATED AND NONFUMIGATED NIAGARA SOIL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. OLTHOF ◽  
J. W. POTTER ◽  
P. W. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Redhaven peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees, grafted on the rootstocks Bailey, Siberian C, or Harrow Blood, with roots free of, or infested by, root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were planted in fumigated or P. penetrans-infested Vineland fine sandy loam at Jordan Station, Ontario. Tree growth and soil nematode population densities were monitored for 6 yr. In general, fumigation suppressed soil populations of P. penetrans during the first 4 yr, whereas no consistent nematode control was obtained through the use of nematode-free rootstock. The rootstock Siberian C supported larger numbers of P. penetrans than the other two rootstocks throughout the experiment, whereas Bailey favored the build-up of the pin nematode (Paratylenchus projectus). Tree diameter of nematode-free rootstock was greatest in the first 3 yr only; soil fumigation alone increased growth during the first year only. Tree mortality tended to be lowest in fumigated soil planted to clean rootstocks. Harrow Blood showed the highest mortality; Siberian C the lowest. The data suggest that only nematode-free peach trees should be planted. Orchards should be fumigated if P. penetrans exceeds 800 kg−1 of soil and/or when there is a history of replant failure on a light-textured soil.Key words: Prunus persica, pin nematode, Paratylenchus projectus, replant problem, rootstocks, fumigation

Growth of `Bartlett' Pear Seedlings in Response to Number of Root-lesion Nematodes and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
J.L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The effects of temperature and root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] on the growth of newly germinated `Bartlett' pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were examined. At five temperatures from 10 to 30C, P. penetrans (five per gram of soil) did not purple the leaves. After 8 weeks, leaf number, trunk height, and top and root weights were reduced only at 25C. The number of P. penetrans in the roots were greatest at 15 and 20C. At 20C, P. penetrans (16 per gram of soil) caused the leaves of seedlings to turn purple, and, by 6 weeks after treatment, the nematodes had reduced leaf production, trunk elongation, and top and root growth.

Pratylenchus penetrans and the potato early dying disease.

2021 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Ann E. MacGuidwin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Early Dying ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Early Dying Disease ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Early Dying ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Growing Region

Abstract Pratylenchus penetrans is a cosmopolitan species reported from 69 countries representing every continent except Antarctica. P. penetrans has a wide host range including potato and is found throughout the potato growing region of the northern USA. Most potato fields are infested with the fungus Verticillium dahliae as well as root lesion nematodes, and a disease interaction between the two has been demonstrated for multiple soil types, potato cultivars and production regions. The significance of the interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae is that it is synergistic rather than additive. This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, symptoms of damage, biology and life cycle, recommended integrated nematode management and management optimization of P. penetrans. Future research requirements are also mentioned.

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC TREATMENTS AND CROP ROTATION ON SOIL POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN STRAWBERRY CULTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Morgan ◽  
W. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

As a source of organic material in strawberry culture, composted timothy hay resulted in the greatest depression of soil populations of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb. 1917) Filip & Stek., 1941. In contrast, actively growing timothy sod caused the largest increase in soil nematodes.In a crop rotation, timothy also resulted in high populations of P. penetrans while beans lowered the numbers appreciably.

scholarly journals Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Potter ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

scholarly journals Effect of crop rotation with grain pearl millet on Pratylenchus penetrans and subsequent potato yields in Quebec

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dauphinais ◽  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Yvon Fournier ◽  
Om P. Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Yields

Abstract A field study was conducted in Quebec to determine the effect of crop rotation with grain pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on Pratylenchus penetrans populations and the subsequent yields of two potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) when compared with rye and continuous potato with and without fumigation. Pearl millet had a suppressive effect on P. penetrans populations compared with rye but not as much as continuous potato with fumigation. In 2002, total potato yields of cv. Superior and cv. Hilite Russet were negatively correlated with P. penetrans densities at harvest. Total yields of potato cv. Superior were increased by 123 and 229% following pearl millet and fumigation, respectively, compared with rye. Total yields of potato cv. Hilite Russet increased by 26 and 17% following pearl millet and fumigation. Grain pearl millet CGPM H-1 reduced P. penetrans densities and improved potato yields in Quebec.

Effect of various sources of selenium fertilization on the selenium concentration of feed crops

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta ◽  
J. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Feed Crop

This study was conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI) Canada to determine the effect of various sources of selenium (Se) (i) sodium selenate (ii) selcote (iii) selcote 2 year and (iv) lime coated Se-granules on the Se concentration in cereals, forages and soybeans. All sources were applied to the soil at 10 g Se ha−1. For soybeans, sodium selenate was also applied as a foliar spray. All sources, in the year of application, proved effective in raising the feed crop Se to more than 100 μg Se kg−1, the minimum level required to prevent Se deficiency diseases in livestock. Lime coated Se granules resulted in much lower Se in all crops than other Se sources. Selenium concentration in soybean grain was higher than in cereals and forages treated with Se. Selenium concentration in soybean grain was higher following foliar applications of sodium selenate (3005 μg kg−1) than following soil application (1930 μg kg−1). Experiments conducted at a second location produced similar results. In most cases, soybean grain contained higher Se than either the whole plant or leaves. Selcote resulted in significantly higher Se, during the first year in soybean and forages, than selcote 2 year. This relationship was not consistent on cereals. Selenium concentrations in the second year crop of soybeans were below the minimum required level of 100 μg kg−1 needed to prevent Se deficiency in livestock for all Se sources except for the selcote 2 year source. Only the latter Se source resulted in a Se concentration of > 100 μg kg−1 for 2 yr. Soybeans fertilized with Se should prove to be an excellent feed crop for enriching grain with Se. Key words: Podzol soils, selcote, sodium selenate, barley, oat, forages, soybeans, crop Se

POPULATION DENSITIES OF FOUR SPECIES OF ROOT-LESION NEMATODES (Pratylenchus) IN THE OAT CULTIVARS, SAIA AND OAC WOODSTOCK

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. TOWNSHEND
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The population densities of four species of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus) were examined in two cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in greenhouse pots. The cultivar Saia harbored fewer P. neglectus and P. penetrans than the cultivar OAC Woodstock, while both cultivars were similar hosts for P. sensillatus. Pratylenchus crenatus did not develop in either cultivar.Key words: Oat, population density, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus sensillatus

scholarly journals Influence of previous crops and nematicide treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
L.M. Edwards ◽  
C.E. Gallant ◽  
H.W. Johnson ◽  
J.A. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study assessing the influence of the previous crop, the crop sequence, and aldicarb treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields was carried out in Prince-Edward-Island, Canada. The most recent crop had the greatest impact on nematode numbers. The crop sequences had an influence in some cases on root lesion nematode populations (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) and on crop yields. In commercial barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields, root lesion nematodes in roots were greatest when barley followed a red clover (Trifolium pratense) timothy (Phleum pratense) ley, and stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp., primarily T. dubius, and Merlinius spp.) were more common when barley followed barley. The combined dry weight of foliage and grain was larger when barley was planted after potato (Solanumtuberosum) and smaller when barley followed barley or a red clover-timothy mixture. Under experimental field conditions, root lesion nematode populations were largest in barley roots when barley followed potato and grain yields were smallest when barley followed barley. Changes in nematode populations in potato were not associated with crop sequences. Potato tuber yields were higher in the sequences that began with wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley than in the sequences that began with potato or soybean (Glycine max). Aldicarb reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots with concomitant yield increases in potato and soybean.

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