INFLUENCE OF METRIBUZIN AND CYANAZINE ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF GRAMINICIDES ON WILD OATS AND BARLEY

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KIRKLAND ◽  
K. N. HARKER ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

Tank-mixes of metribuzin or cyanazine with sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl or quizalofop-ethyl were evaluated at Scott, Saskatchewan and Lacombe, Alberta for control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Metribuzin reduced the control of wild oats and barley when mixed with the four graminicides. Mixtures of the graminicides with cyanazine were not antagonistic and there was no loss of weed control. The addition of fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and quizalofop-ethyl to metribuzin caused reduced phytotoxicity on wild mustard in the growth room.Key words: Graminicides, antagonism, metribuzin, cyanazine

Weed Control and Rotational Crop Response with AC 222,293

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Harold P. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Pinto Beans

In the field, eight barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars tolerated postemergence applications of AC 222,293 [a mixture of methyl 6 and 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) m- and p-toluate] at 0.4 to 1.4 kg/ha. AC 222,293 at 0.4 kg ai/ha applied at the 1.5- to 2-leaf stage controlled wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) 96%, whereas 0.7 kg/ha applied at the 3.5- to 4-leaf stage controlled wild oats only 93%. Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) but not alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), or sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), were injured when planted 6 to 8 months after fall applications of AC 222,293 at 0.4 to 1.1 kg/ha.

Influence of Picloram Alone or Plus 2,4-D on Control of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) with Four Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashley O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted for 2 yr to determine the influence of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and a commercial mixture of picloram plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] (1:16, w/w) on control of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) with four postemergence herbicides. The phytotoxicity to wild oats of barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) or difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) in 1981 and diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy] propanoic acid} or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] in 1981 and 1982 was reduced when these herbicides were applied in a mixture with picloram plus 2,4-D. Consequently, the use of these mixtures for broad-spectrum weed control in one spray operation is not recommended. Picloram applied at a rate equivalent to the amount present in the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture did not influence the control of wild oats obtained with any herbicide, indicating that the antagonism was due to the 2,4-D component of the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture.

EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. SHARMA ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN ◽  
D. K. McBEATH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN REGARD TO EXPERIMENTS WITH CHEMICAL HERBICIDES

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geo. L. Godel
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The writer reviews the subject of weed control by chemicals in the growing crop mainly with reference to prairie conditions, and discusses it under the following heads: the herbicide, the sprayer, weather conditions, the crop, the experimental technique. A technique is described which permits the analysis of a large group of variable factors in the weed-control experiments carried on in Saskatchewan.An extensive program of weed research was undertaken in Saskatchewan in 1929, to determine the practicability of both methods of control by chemicals (control of perennial weeds in small patches, and control of annual weeds in the crop) under semi-arid conditions and with extensive farming methods. The experiments were conducted under the most variable conditions of soil and climate, and many chemical solutions were tested at varying concentrations and amounts of spray per acre. Treatments were made on stinkweed and wild mustard in wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, sweet clover, western rye grass, alfalfa and brome grass. During the last three years the effects of the following chemicals have been studied: sodium chlorate, sodium dichromate, copper nitrate, copper sulphate, sulphuric acid, iron sulphate, sodium chloride and ammonium bisulphate. All of these, except the last, reduced the weed infestation of the treated crops; the chemicals are listed in order of effectiveness. The results showed, however, that many factors other than proper strength of solution and amount of spray per acre should be taken into account.The largest percentage of control of wild mustard in the crop of 1931 was obtained with weak solutions of sodium chlorate. The effects of this chemical on the crop are more severe than those of the others, and therefore its use should be further investigated before it can be recommended.The application of dry chemicals for control of weeds in the crop combine in general two farming operations—fertilizing of the soil and weed control. These methods offer little promise for Saskatchewan as they require cool, foggy, wet weather which is rarely found in the west; and because it has been found that, in order to be effective here, commercial fertilizers have to be drilled in with the seed and not broadcasted on the surface.It appears that, under Saskatchewan conditions, only a few weed species can be controlled successfully. In wheat, sulphuric acid will control common wild mustard, Indian mustard, wild radish, stinkweed, false flax, tumbling mustard and wild buckwheat. New shoots of Canada thistle are somewhat retarded in their development. Hare's ear mustard, ball mustard, cow cockle, lamb's-quarters, Russian pigweed, and the grasses, wild oats, darnel, etc., could not be controlled under the conditions of these experiments. It is thus important that chemical treatments be limited to fields where weed infestation consists mostly of susceptible weeds, because in controlling these the crop and resistant weeds are stimulated. At Watson, Sask., in 1931, when wild mustard or stinkweed was associated with either wild oats, lamb's-quarters or Russian pigweed, there was always an increase in the development of the latter weeds after treatment.In these experiments the cereals ranked as follows in resistance to sulphuric acid sprays:–resistant; wheat, oats: intermediate; barley, spring rye: susceptible; corn.

ANNUAL WEED CONTROL WITH PARAQUAT IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER HERBICIDES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha effectively controlled barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) and oat (Avena sativa L. ’Random’) in field trials conducted during 1982 and 1983. Grass control was excellent with paraquat and its activity was unaffected when it was applied in combination with either clopyralid, picloram, metribuzin, linuron, or chlorsulfuron. Slight reductions in paraquat phytotoxicity occurred in some instances when paraquat was applied in combination with commercially formulated mixtured of clopyralid plus 2,4-D, clopyralid plus MCPA or picloram plus 2,4-D, but grass control was still acceptable (90% or greater). However, a commercially formulated mixture of cyanazine plus MCPA consistently reduced the phytotoxicity of paraquat and rendered grass control unacceptable. Control of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) with paraquat and most paraquat mixtures was excellent in 1982 but was poor and variable in 1983.Key words: Wheat, barley, oat, rapeseed, zero tillage, chemical summerfallow

scholarly journals First Report on Assessing the Severity of Herbicide Resistance to ACCase Inhibitors Pinoxaden, Propaquizafop and Cycloxydim in Six Avena fatua Populations in Ireland

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan ◽  
Patrick D. Forristal ◽  
Sarah K. Cook ◽  
Jimmy Staples ◽  
David Schilder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Susceptible Populations

In response to growers reports of poor weed control, resistance to ACCase inhibitors pinoxaden, propaquizafop and cycloxydim was investigated in populations of six wild oats, Avena fatua, collected from cereal-dominated crop rotations in Ireland. Glasshouse assays confirmed reduced sensitivity to all three ACCase inhibitors in four of the six populations, R2 to R5. R1 was cross-resistant to pinoxaden and propaquizafop and R6 was resistant to propaquizafop only. Dose-response studies confirmed significant differences in the severity of resistance amongst these populations (p < 0.05). For pinoxaden, the ED50 or GR50 resistance factor (RF) of R1, R3 and R5 were between 11.6 and 13.1 times or 25.1 and 30.2 times more resistant, respectively, compared with the susceptible populations. For propaquizafop, the ED50 and GR50 RF of R1, R2, R3, R5 and R6 were between >7.8 and >32 or 16.6 and 59 times more resistant, respectively. For cycloxydim, only R5 had both high ED50 and GR50 RF values of >43.2 and 98.4 respectively. In R2, although the ED50 values to both pinoxaden and cycloxydim and additionally, R3 to cycloxydim, were above recommended field rates, their GR50 values remained below, suggesting a shift towards cross-resistance. While R4 was the only population, where both ED50 and GR50 for all ACCase inhibitors remained below recommended field rates, they would not give effective control at these rates, strongly indicating evolving resistance. This is the first study reporting variable cross-resistance types and levels to ACCase inhibitors in A. fatua from Ireland.

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