CONTROL OF QUACKGRASS WITH GLYPHOSATE AND ADDITIVES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Addition of nonionic surfactants nonylphenoxyl polyethoxy ethanol at 0.1% of total spray volume (vol/vol), tallow amine ethoxylate at 0.5% (vol/vol), or oil concentrate at 1% (vol/vol) to commercially formulated glyphosate applied at 0.25 and 0.5 kg a.i. ha−1 improved control of quackgrass [(Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.)]. However, the improvement was not sufficient to provide an acceptable level of control of quackgrass. Addition of ammonium sulphate to glyphosate gave significantly greater control of quackgrass at all three rates of glyphosate. In one of the two experiments, control with 0.5 kg a.i. ha−1 of glyphosate was comparable to that of 1.0 kg a.i. ha−1. Addition of either of the three surfactants to the ammonium sulphate and glyphosate combinations did not further enhance control.Key words: Ammonium sulphate, nonylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, tallow amine ethoxylate, oil concentrate, Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.

Measurement of foliar spray retention on creeping bentgrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Pingyuan Zhang ◽  
Bruce E. Branham
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Application Volume ◽  
Foliar Retention

AbstractExperiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of spray volume, nozzle type, adjuvants, the presence of dew, and their interactions on foliar retention of creeping bentgrass. Tartrazine, a common food dye, was used as a tracer in this study. Increasing spray volume from 95 L ha−1 to 1,500 L ha−1 decreased foliar retention efficiency from 98% to approximately 85%. Compared with flat-fan nozzles, air-induction nozzles delivered similar retention efficiency at all spray volumes evaluated. However, flat-fan nozzles provided higher uniformity and more thorough coverage. Adding nonionic surfactants, organosilicone adjuvants, or methylated seed oils at typical concentrations yielded retention efficiency of approximately 90% to 93% regardless of spray volumes. In contrast, with water alone, increasing spray volume reduced retention efficiency from 95.9% to 87.3%. Simulated dew applied at 1,950 L ha−1 increased retention efficiency by approximately 3% when spray application volume was 190 L ha−1, while no difference was observed at 750 L ha−1. The presence of dew reduced the impact of adjuvants on retention efficiency. Large quantities of dew, 3,800 L ha−1, did reduce retention efficiency.

CONTROL OF QUACKGRASS IN FALLOW FROM SEVERAL GLYPHOSATE PLUS TILLAGE TREATMENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SUBSEQUENT YIELD OF BARLEY

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
M. N. BAIG ◽  
A. W. GALLAGHER ◽  
L. P. LEFKOVITCH
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Culm Density ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Agropyron Repens

The control of quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) using glyphosate applied with either a conventional sprayer or a rope wick applicator, each followed by several levels of tillage, was studied in 1983, 1984 and 1985. With the conventional sprayer, glyphosate was either applied alone or with ammonium sulfate (3.4 kg ha−1) and the surfactant, nonylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (0.5% vol/vol of spray volume). Applications made with the sprayer were more effective in reducing quackgrass culm density than those made with the rope wick applicator. The density of quackgrass culms declined as the number of tillage operations increased from one, performed at 115 or more days after herbicide application (DAT), to three performed at 5–8, 39–60 and 115 or more DAT. Doubling the rate of sprayer-applied glyphosate, from 0.8 to 1.7 kg acid equivalent ha−1, did not result in a reduction in the density of quackgrass culms. However, in 1 of the 2 years in which comparisons were made, both of these treatments reduced the density of quackgrass culms more than a similar application of glyphosate alone at 0.5 kg ha−1. The addition of ammonium sulfate and surfactant to glyphosate enhanced quackgrass control only at the 0.5 kg ha−1 rate and only in 1 of 2 yr at that rate. Glyphosate, applied at 0.5 kg ha−1 with the sprayer, and followed by three tillage operations consistently reduced the density of quackgrass culms by 95% or more. Both the herbicide and the tillage treatments resulted in increases in the yield of barley seeded the following year. In 2 of the 3 years, barley yields, averaged across tillage treatments, were greater in the plots where the sprayer had been used to apply the glyphosate treatments than in the plots where the rope wick applicator had been used. Barley yields decreased as the quackgrass culm density increased, although other factors seemed to have influenced the yields in one of the years.Key words: Glyphosate, tillage, barley, quackgrass, fallow

Effect of Adjuvant and Spray Volume on Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control with Selective Postemergence Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Kells ◽  
Gunawan Wanamarta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Affect Control ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Agropyron Repens ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

Soybean-based [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and petroleum-based crop oil concentrates were equally effective as spray adjuvants for control of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. #3AGRRE] with the butyl ester of fluazifop {[±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}. With favorable growing conditions at application in 1983 and 1985, an adjuvant concentration of 1% (v/v) with these herbicides was adequate for quackgrass control. Unfavorable growing conditions at application in 1984 resulted in unacceptable quackgrass control, and spray volume did not affect control. However, increasing the adjuvant concentration to 4% (v/v) with either herbicide applied in a spray volume of 70 L/ha nearly doubled quackgrass control. In 1983 and 1985, equal or greater quackgrass control with each herbicide was achieved with spray volumes as low as 35 L/ha compared to 280 L/ha.

INFLUENCE OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS, AMMONIUM SULPHATE, WATER QUALITY AND SPRAY VOLUME ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF GLYPHOSATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Sulphate Water

In field studies, the surfactants Tween 20, X-77 and Triton X-100 enhanced the effectiveness of low glyphosate rates on rape, wheat, oats and barley. In greenhouse studies, Triton X-A Special and Tween 20 enhanced glyphosate phytotoxicity in wild oats and barley. Concentrations of at least 0.5% vol/vol Tween 20 and 0.25% vol/vol Triton X-A Special were required for enhancement of glyphosate phytotoxicity in barley. The surfactants Renex 36, Cittowet Plus and Dupont WK reduced glyphosate phytotoxicity in field and greenhouse studies. Atplus 411F, Surfel and Triton X-114 also reduced glyphosate effectiveness in several field treatments. A number of other surfactants had no significant effects on glyphosate phytotoxicity. Glyphosate was less phytotoxic to barley when applied in tap water (45 ppm Ca++ equivalent) compared to distilled water. With increasing spray volumes, the effectiveness of low rates of glyphosate was reduced and this reduction was more evident in tap than in distilled water. Ammonium sulphate in combination with Agral 90 enhanced glyphosate phytotoxicity in barley.

Imazethapyr Efficacy with Adjuvants and Environments

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Jerzy Palczynski ◽  
Frank A. Manthey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Adjuvant effectiveness with imazethapyr for kochia control was generally methylated seed oil ≥ nonionic surfactant ≥ petroleum oil in the greenhouse experiments, and methylated seed oil ≥ petroleum oil nonionic surfactant in the field. Oil adjuvants were applied at 2.3 L ha-1and nonionic surfactants were applied at 0.25% (v/v) of spray volume. None of the adjuvants overcame imazethapyr reduced phytotoxicity caused by simulated rain soon after treatment, posttreatment cold (10 C), low soil moisture, or low soil nitrogen. However, kochia fresh weight reductions usually were the greatest when imazethapyr was applied with methylated seed oil, except in the case when soil had 80 ppm or less soil nitrogen. Kochia control with imazethapyr was enhanced the most by methylated seed oil followed by nonionic surfactant and petroleum oil regardless of relative humidity. High compared to low relative humidity tended to increase control for imazethapyr alone or with nonionic surfactant and decrease control for imazethapyr with oils. Kochia fresh weight reduction following imazethapyr treatment was greatest at 20 C, intermediate at 30 C and least at 10 C posttreatment when used with any of the adjuvants.

Partial Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Inhibitor Produced by Cultured Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Vein

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Esnard ◽  
E Dupuy ◽  
A M Dosne ◽  
E Bodevin
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Human Umbilical Vein ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Saturation

SummaryA preliminary characterization of a fibrinolytic inhibitor released by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in primary culture is reported. This molecule of Mr comprised between 2 × 105 and 106 and of μ2 mobility precipitates at 43% ammonium sulphate saturation and is totally adsorbed on Concanavalin A Sepharose 4 B. A possible relationship with a macroglobulins is discussed.

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Tabungan Britama Pada Bank BRI Cabang Fatmawati

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Viva Faronika ◽  
Asriyal Asriyal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Service Policies ◽  
Improve Service Quality ◽  
Relationship Of

If the customer is greater than acceptable level of service, the cutomer is not satisfied. Conversely, if an acceptable level of service greater than the expectations of customers, the customer will be satisfied. This means that if Bank BRI branch Fatmawati can improve service quality to its customer it will affect the level of satisfaction. In this research found evidence that, in terms of the creation of quality services, Bank BRI branch Fatmawati is one of the branches that participate to implement the established policies and service in accordance with the exiting service standard in the banking world. Amount of influence the determination of quality of service policies applied by the Bank BRI branch Fatmawati indicated by r2. r2 value only 45 % and the rest 55 % influenced by other variables not studied. Meanwhile, the variable relationship of service quality to customer satisfaction can be seen from the values r = 0,67. This shows the value of the correlation coefficient between the variables of service quality to customer satisfaction. This means there are strong relationships between the independent variable X (quality of service) to the dependent variable Y (customer satisfaction). Since r = 0,67 (67 %) greater then 50 %.

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