GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN DARK RESPIRATION OF MATURE LEAVES IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. WINZELER ◽  
D. E. McCULLOUGH ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Respiration Rates

Oxygen uptake of mature leaves was measured on a range of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes both indoors (four genotypes) and in the field (six genotypes). The relationship among mature leaf respiration, leaf size, specific leaf weight and leaf nutrient status was investigated. Correlations between leaf respiration and total plant dry weight as well as tiller number were calculated in the indoor study. Significant differences of 6–25% in mature leaf respiration rates were evident among winter wheat genotypes in the indoor as well as in the field study. Leaf position as well as environment had a marked influence on the order and magnitude of genotype effects on mature leaf respiration rates. Leaf respiration was not related to specific leaf weight, leaf nitrogen, or phosphorus content, but was negatively related to leaf size. Leaf respiration was not related to total dry weight and tiller number of single plants grown indoors.Key words: Respiration, genotypic differences, wheat (winter), Triticum aestivum L.

Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
G.C. Wilson ◽  
N. Soltani ◽  
C.J. Swanton ◽  
F.J. Tardif ◽  
D.E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sporadic weed found in corn (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Eight trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the competitiveness of volunteer winter wheat in corn. A soft red winter wheat cultivar (Pioneer 25R47) was seeded at each location at densities of 0 to 30 seeds m-2 late in the fall, prior to corn planting the following spring. Volunteer wheat competition in corn resulted in reduced emergence of corn leaf collars. Competition with volunteer wheat resulted in a 5% decrease in corn leaf collars present at 21 and 70 d after emergence with volunteer wheat densities of 3.0 and 5.2 plants m-2, respectively. Furthermore, volunteer wheat competition reduced total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, plant and ear height and yield by 5% with densities of 5.1 to 6.0 plants m-2 compared with the weed-free control. The level of competitiveness was dependent on the density of volunteer wheat.

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL FERTILITY TO COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT CROWNS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
M. S. KALDY
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Relationship Of

In two controlled-environment experiments, N fertilizer applied to a Dark Brown prairie soil decreased cold hardiness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), while P applied in the absence of N had little effect. When applied together, P counteracted the effect of N and produced plants as hardy as those that had received no fertilizer. The soil was rich in K; consequently application of additional amounts of this element had no effect on cold hardiness. The correlation coefficient between dry weight of crowns and cold hardiness (LT50) was not sigificant, but that between water content and LT50 was highly significant.

AN EVALUATION OF SEED GROWTH IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. HOUSLEY ◽  
A. W. KIRLEIS ◽  
H. W. OHM ◽  
F. L. PATTERSON
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Four cultivars and five lines of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) representing Arthur and Knox types and Arthur by Knox types were grown in the field. The rate of duration of dry matter, carbohydrate and protein accumulation during seed maturation, the weight of the seed at 10 days post-anthesis and the weight of 200 seeds at maturity were measured in seeds from the central spikelet. The Arthur types (Arthur, Oasis, Beau) had relative and maximal rates of dry matter, carbohydrate and protein accumulation that were greater than the Knox types (Monon, 65256, 65309). The duration over which dry weight, carbohydrates and protein accumulated in the seeds was consistently longer in the Knox types. The rate and duration of dry matter, carbohydrate and protein accumulation in the Arthur by Knox types (6413, 71586 and 72483) were more similar to the Arthur types. Ranking each cultivar or line with regard to the measured parameters of seed growth favored the Arthur types with the following ranking from the seeds that were the greatest sinks to those that were the poorest: 71586, Arthur, Beau, 72483, Oasis, 6413, Monon, 65309 and 65256.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Barbara Drygaś
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. competition with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. MCLENNAN ◽  
R. ASHFORD ◽  
M. D. DEVINE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cirsium Arvense
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