BLACK SPECK IN CAULIFLOWER

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR LOUGHTON ◽  
JERALD W. RIEKELS
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Black Speck ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Early Fall

During the warm weather of early fall in southern Ontario, Snowball types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) developed black lesions (0.5–4 mm) in the interior of the curd. The lack of a pathogen and the collapse of cells in a lesion indicate that the disorder is physiological.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., anatomy, physiological disorder

The life histories of north-temperate populations of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Hamr ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
First Time

The life histories of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni were studied in the Kawartha Lakes region of southern Ontario. There were marked differences in their breeding and molting cycles compared with the familiar pattern of the Orconectes species of this region. Egg extrusion occurred later (July in C. robustus, June in C. bartoni), and juveniles therefore did not become free living until late summer or early fall. With little growing time in their first summer, they measured only 5–10 mm in carapace length (CPL) before growth ceased for the winter. At the end of their second summer the still immature crayfish measured 17–26 mm CPL in C. robustus and 13–20 mm CPL in C. bartoni. Maturity was therefore not attained until the end of the third summer, when most C. robustus matured at 34–45 mm CPL and C. bartoni at 25–30 mm CPL. The majority of individuals apparently reproduced for the first time during their fourth summer; a few apparently survived into another summer, reaching carapace lengths greater than 50 mm in C. robustus and 30 mm in C. bartoni. In males of both species, form 1 and form 2 occur throughout the summer. Although lacking the synchrony of Orconectes species, breeding and molting activities are still confined to the period between April and October. The timing of the life-history events observed in these two Cambarus species may be adaptations to seasonal stresses of the swift water environments that these species inhabit as well as to the relative harshness of the northern temperate climate.

Tulip-Poplar Hardiness Trials in Southern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
H. Cedric Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Tulip Poplar

Three strains of tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were planted in 13 plots in the spring of 1973 and in one plot in the spring of 1975 in four of the climatic zones of southern Ontario. The study was designed to evaluate their hardiness north of its natural range in Ontario. Initial results after five growing seasons indicate that tulip-poplar can be safely planted north of its natural range in climatic zone D providing it is planted in woodlot openings where there is protection from early fall frosts.

scholarly journals Effect of Host Resistance and Fungicide Application on Clubroot Pathotype 6 in Green Cabbage and Napa Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Saude ◽  
Alan McKeown ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Field trials were conducted to evaluate resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae, pathotype 6) in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and napa cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) at sites in southern Ontario in 2009 and 2010. The reaction of green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb and the commercial standard cultivars, Bronco or Atlantis, were evaluated on organic (two site-years) and mineral soils (two site-years) that were naturally infested with the clubroot pathogen. In addition, fluazinam fungicide was drench applied to one treatment of the commercial standard cultivar immediately after transplanting. The napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, and Mirako (in 2009) and Emiko, Mirako, Yuki, and China Gold (in 2010) were evaluated only on organic soils (two site-years). At harvest, the roots of each plant were assessed for clubroot incidence and severity. Also, plant and head characteristics of the resistant green cabbage cultivars were evaluated at one site in 2010. The green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb were resistant to pathotype 6 (0% to 3.8% incidence), but ‘Bronco’ was susceptible (64% to 100% incidence). Application of fluazinam reduced clubroot severity on ‘Bronco’ by 6% at one of three sites. Resistance was more effective in reducing clubroot than application of fluazinam. Plant and head characteristics of the resistant cultivars were similar to those of ‘Bronco’ treated with fluazinam. Napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, Emiko, and China Gold were resistant to clubroot (0% to 13% incidence), and ‘Mirako’ was highly susceptible (87% to 92% incidence). We conclude that the clubroot resistance available in several cultivars of green and napa cabbage was effective against P. brassicae pathotype 6.

ETUDE HISTOLOGIQUE DE LA BIGARRURE NERVALE, DE LA GRISELURE DU LIMBE ET DE LA MEDIANE NOIRE, TROIS DESORDRES DU CHOU EN ENTREPOT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
L. S. BÉRARD ◽  
M. A. DUBUC-LEBREUX ◽  
J. VIETH
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
The Many

The evolution in storage of three physiological disorders of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) has been studied by means of histological tests done in situ or after fixation and staining. The tissues tested were sampled on necrotic and healthy parts from the three outer-head leaves of the susceptible cv. Safekeeper and of the resistant cv. Hitoma. The tissues affected by vein streaking, grey speck disease or black midrib showed a similar response to the many tests: the absence of lipids, lignin and suberin in the necrotic cells, but the presence of unidentified phenolic compounds, concomitantly with a modification of birefringence of the cell wall and an alteration of the cytoplasmic matrix. Vein streaking is associated with creases on the adaxial epidermis of the midrib, grey speck disease with abundant wax on the abaxial blade, and black midrib with large vesicles in the necrotic parenchyma cells of the midrib.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. capitata, chemical composition, cytology, pepper spot, physiological disorder, storage

Effects of Seedling Emergence Timing on the Population Dynamics of Horseweed (Conyza canadensisvar.canadensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tozzi ◽  
R. C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Spring Emergence

Horseweed is a surface-germinating ruderal facultative winter annual. The ruderal nature is a key adaptive characteristic that implicates emergence timing as an important recruitment factor. Experiments were established at three sites in southern Ontario, Canada, from 2009 to 2012 to determine the possible effect of emergence timing of horseweed on plant number, fecundity, and flowering timing. Emerged seedlings were tagged in 0.25-m2plots in five 2-wk cohorts in the fall and spring of each experimental season. Each plot was followed though until the plants contained within each plot completed their life cycle. Generally, spring-emerging plants were found to flower earlier than fall-emerging plants, but with fall emergence there were higher plant densities in August each season compared with spring emergence. Overall, there was no difference in fecundity between spring- or fall-emerging cohorts, but when cohorts were parsed beyond just spring or fall emergence, we found that plants emerging in early fall and early spring were more fecund and flowered earlier than plants emerging in late fall and late spring. Disturbance (tilled versus not-tilled) significantly affected emergence levels but not emergence timing. The differences in performance among emergence cohorts are likely due to spatial or temporal density-dependent growth advantages. These results show that spring-emerging cohorts of horseweed, especially early spring–emerging cohorts, should not be discounted when considering the weediness of this species, and this may hold true for other facultative winter annual weeds as well.

scholarly journals Change and Continuity in Amish Wedding Dates in the Holmes County, Ohio, Settlement

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Henry Troyer
Keyword(s):  
Population Increase ◽  
Past Century ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Holmes County ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Traditional Pattern

In the past century, the Amish of Holmes County, Ohio, have experienced an enormous population increase (from continued high fertility) and a serious decline in farming (from land shortage). We wondered if their traditional pattern of weddings might also have changed. We showed that whereas weddings used to occur almost exclusively in winter months, with a peak in December, they now occur in spring, summer, and early fall, but hardly ever in December. Two developments may be responsible. Refrigeration and other technologies for preserving food are now allowed in many Amish churches, making it possible to safely preserve wedding foods in warm weather. December weddings used to interfere minimally with the busy farming season, but now with farming in serious decline, that is no longer an issue. The traditional practice of having weddings on Thursdays and to a lesser extent on Tuesdays remains almost unchanged for the past several centuries. Much work is involved in wedding preparation and in cleanup after the wedding. For that reason, it is desirable to avoid holding weddings on Saturdays and Mondays, since much Sunday work would be required.

Tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) leaf free amino acid profile

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Silva ◽  
AP Oliveira ◽  
DM Pereira ◽  
C Sousa ◽  
RM Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Tronchuda Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OFF-SEASON CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) IN ARGHAKHANCHI, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Sapana Parajuli ◽  
Biplov Oli ◽  
Surya Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Doses

The research was conducted at Beltari Sandhikharka-10, Arghakhanchi district to study about the effect of various doses of boron on growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) during off-season from February to June in 2020. Five treatments; B0 (control/no application), B1: 2kg/ha, B2: 4kg/ha, B3: 6kg/ha, B4: 8kg/ha which are the different doses of boron application were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant leaf length and leaf breadth of largest leaf were recorded multiple times with 15 days interval. Days to curd initiation and Days from curd initiation to harvest were recorded by regular field observation. The yield parameters; curd weight with leaves, Marketable curd weight, average curd yield, incidence of hollowing were recorded during harvest. The economics from application of boron doses in cauliflower production was obtained in terms of cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. The result showed that the growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower were significantly affected by application of boron in which the value of these parameters was found significantly higher in B1 followed by other treatments. The average curd yield of cauliflower in B1 was found to be 12.39 mt/ha which was 48.92% higher than that of B0 with curd yield 8.32 mt/ha. Similarly, the net return was found significantly the highest in B1 and the lowest in B0. The result showed that application of boron in the range of 2-4 kg/ha is preferred to control and higher doses in respect of both productivity and economics.

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