METSULFURON USE IN BARLEY AND RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING CROPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Better Than

Experiments conducted over 4 yr (1982–1985) determined the efficacy of metsulfuron for use in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Volla’) and effects of herbicide residues on crops grown the next season. Barley tolerated metsulfuron at rates up to 72 g a.i. ha−1 with no significant effects on yield but 1000-kernel weight was significantly reduced in two of the three barley crops grown. Control of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) and low cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum L.) was acceptable and that of corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) and shepherd’s-purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.) better than the standard MCPA amine treatment. There was no significant effect on marketable and total yield of rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) or potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and none on total yield of silage corn (Zea mays L.) when each was grown the season after metsulfuron use. Reductions in corn root growth were noted in bioassay tests as late as 120 d after metsulfuron application but the lack of effects on yields of succeeding crops would indicate that the remaining residues were broken down or diluted by plowing and working the soil.Key words: Metsulfuron, barley, potato, rutabaga, silage corn, persistence

CHLORSULFURON USE IN BARLEY AND RESIDUAL EFFECT ON POTATO AND RUTABAGA GROWN IN ROTATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Root Bioassay ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Carry Over

Experiments were conducted over 4 yr (1980–1983) to determine the efficacy of chlorsulfuron for use on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and effects of herbicide residue on crops grown in rotation. Barley cv. Volla tolerated chlorsulfuron at rates up to 72 g a.i. ha−1 with no significant yield reductions being noted. Lamb’s-quarters and corn spurry were controlled at applied rates of 9–18 g a.i. ha−1 but 36 g a.i. ha−1 were needed to control wild buckwheat. Rotation crops of rutabaga and potato, grown the season after chlorsulfuron use, showed no adverse effects on marketable or total yield. It was estimated from corn root bioassay studies that applied rates of chlorsulfuron of up to 10 g a.i. ha−1 would not carry over into the next season under P.E.I. conditions.Key words: Chlorsulfuron, barley, potato, rutabaga, persistence

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS BITTERLICH ◽  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

Mixtures of Persian clover with Italian ryegrass or barley-Italian ryegrass for annual forage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Thompson ◽  
Darryl G. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Persian Clover

In the interior of British Columbia, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum Beck.) are intercropped with fertilizer N as a 1-yr break before reseeding irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) was seeded with barley and ryegrass or only ryegrass to determine its effect on seasonal yield and forage nutritive value. All species mixtures were grown with and without a total of 200 kg ha−1 of N to compare N2 fixation by Persian clover with N fertilizer. Averaged over 2 yr, adding Persian clover to barley-ryegrass provided a total yield that was 96% of that obtained by adding fertilizer N to barley-ryegrass. Second cut yield averaged 58% more with clover than with N. However, the grasses yielded more than the grasses with added clover in the third cut. Adding clover to ryegrass provided 94% of the total yield of adding N fertilizer. Persian clover was higher in crude protein and in vitro digestibility of dry matter than ryegrass, so adding clover tended to improve the nutritive value of mixtures. This was most obvious without N, where Persian clover accounted for more of the total forage produced. The study shows that Persian clover is a valuable addition to barley-ryegrass mixtures; it reduces fertilizer needs, improves mid-season yield and improves forage nutritive value. Key words: Persian clover, barley, Italian ryegrass, forage mixtures

Phenological development–yield relationships in spring barley in a subarctic environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dofing
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Fill Rate ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) producers in northern, marginal agricultural areas require cultivars that are both early maturing and high yielding. However, negative relationships between these two characteristics limit their simultaneous improvement. A better understanding of the relative contribution of the developmental stages to grain yield would assist breeders' selection. This study was undertaken to assess the relationships between patterns of phenological development and grain yield in barley grown in a subarctic environment. Sixteen genetically diverse spring barley cultivars were grown for 3 yr at Palmer, Alaska, and evaluated for grain fill rate, grain fill period, growing degree days (GDD) to heading, GDD from heading to physiological maturity, and GDD from physiological maturity to ripe maturity. Cultivars developed in temperate regions tended to have slower grain fill rates than those developed in subarctic regions. Rapid grain fill rate was associated with high kernel weight, but not with grain fill duration or grain yield. Increasing GDD to heading would result in higher grain yield, while increasing grain fill duration would have little effect. These results indicate that northern-adapted cultivars should have pre-heading periods lasting as long as possible, followed by short grain-fill periods. Simultaneous selection for early maturity and relatively long time to heading is recommended for the development of early-maturing, high-yielding cultivars adapted to northern conditions. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., phenology, development, yield

scholarly journals Competition between Hordeum vulgare L. and Chenopodium album L. with different dates of emergence of Chenopodium album.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
W.T. Elberse ◽  
H.N. de Kruyf
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Computer Programme ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
A Value ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Simulation Results

Under controlled conditions, competition experiments were carried out with (a) spring barley and (b) C. album; this experiment was also simulated with a computer programme written in CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program) on the basis of a model. When (b) was sown 7 days earlier, it could not compete with (a), but when this period was 21 and 31 days, (a) could no longer compete with (b). This result was hardly influenced by the applied densities of (b). Correspondence between the simulated and observed yields was rather poor initially, but could be considerably improved by correcting the model with the length factor. For this, the observed difference in length growth between the 2 spp. was included in the model. Based on the simulation results it could be concluded that light interception is probably the most important competition factor between the 2 spp. Simulating a series of 7, 21 and 31 days earlier germination for (b) showed that the critical period in which (b) can just maintain itself in a mixture with (a) is c. 15 days. Attention is called to the fact that the result of a competition experiment carried out under controlled conditions in a climate room cannot be used without comment for predicting a value under field conditions. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The intensity of competitive interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et. Paol) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different fertilisation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Janusz Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

Competitive interactions between spring wheat and spring barley were traced based on a pot experiment. In the years 2003-2004, three cycles of the experiment were carried out in a greenhouse. Two spring cereals - wheat and barley, sown in a mixture and in a monoculture, with different mineral fertilisation levels, were the object of evaluation and comparison. The experiment was set up according to the additive scheme, determining dry weight values for both species in 5 growth stages (emergence, tillering, shooting, heading and ripening). Results were used to determine relative yields and competition ratios. It was demonstrated that competition between the cereals started already from the emergence stage and lasted till the end of vegetation, manifesting itself with the greatest strength at the heading stage, but thereafter it weakened in the NPK poorer environment. Access to a larger pool of macroelements resulted in the intensification of competitive interactions. Spring barley used the limited growth factors better than wheat from shooting till the ripening period, and a reverse relation was exhibited only at the tillering stage.

scholarly journals The effect of incorporation time of different crops on the residual effect on spring cereals

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KÄNKÄNEN ◽  
A. KANGAS ◽  
T. MELA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Cereals

The effect of the time of incorporation of different green manures and barley residues on the grain yield of spring cereals in two successive seasons was studied in seven field trials. Annual hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum) and straw of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were incorporated into the soil by ploughing in early September, late October and the following May, and by reduced tillage in May. Spring barley was established in the following spring, and spring oats (Avena sativa L.) one year later. In general the grain yield of spring barley after legumes was similar to that after barley, in spite of the fact that N fertilization was reduced by 40 kg ha-1. The two autumn ploughing treatments resulted in a good yield of spring barley more reliably than did the spring incorporations. Because delayed autumn ploughing did not decrease the grain yield, a delaying procedure can be recommended for its potential of decreasing nitrogen leaching. Spring ploughing could be used on all but clay soils. Incorporating ryegrass or red clover in spring by using reduced tillage often decreased the grain yield of barley. Timing of incorporation did not have a consistent effect on the grain yield of oats in the third experimental year.;

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