COMPARISON OF ASSAY METHODS FOR N2 FIXATION UTILIZING WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. SMITH ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
The Difference

Acetylene reduction estimates of N2 fixation and nodulation by white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are generally low under field conditions. Recent reports using 15N dilution have resulted in higher estimates. In the work reported here, estimates of white bean N2 fixation determined by acetylene reduction, 15N dilution, and the difference method were compared under field conditions. Difference and acetylene reduction assays were also compared under controlled environment conditions. Soybean (Glycine max), which has given high estimates by all three methods and is generally well nodulated under field and controlled environment conditions, was included as a control. Results from field experiments showed that the 15N dilution and difference method estimates were not different within or between species. Acetylene reduction estimates of N2 fixation for soybean grown in the field or under controlled environment conditions were about half those of the difference assay. This was also true for white bean in the growth room, but in the field the acetylene reduction estimate for white bean was about 10% that of the difference or 15N dilution method. Either the acetylene reduction assay is not applicable to white bean under field conditions, or white bean has access to a source of N not detected by acetylene reduction and not available to soybean or the control plants used in the 15N dilution and difference methods. In support of the latter possibility, white beans grown under controlled environment conditions, without soil N, nodulated and reduced acetylene as well as soybeans grown under the same conditions.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, N2 fixation assay methods, alternate N sources, bean (white), soybean

THE RESPONSE OF SELECTED Phaseolus vulgaris L. CULTIVARS TO OZONE UNDER CONTROLLED FUMIGATION AND AMBIENT FIELD LEVELS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
High Level

In 1977, a cross section of the Phaseolus vulgaris L. world collection was screened for ozone insensitivity in fumigation chambers. A number of cultivars were selected for their high level of insensitivity to ozone (O3). These selections, along with three cultivars reported as highly insensitive and a number of white bean cultivars, were further evaluated under more stringent conditions in a controlled environment as well as under field conditions over a 2-yr period. All the white bean cultivars were sensitive to O3 under controlled conditions, but under field conditions later maturing cultivars escaped serious injury from ambient O3 levels. Early-maturing white bean cultivars tended to suffer reduced yields and earlier senescence compared with plots chemically protected from ambient O3 injury. The yields of cultivars selected as O3 insensitive in chamber fumigations were not affected by ambient field O3 levels in the field trials.

Halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated for weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Li ◽  
Rene Van Acker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Six field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the tolerance of white bean and spectrum of weeds controlled with halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) alone or tankmixed with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor. Halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor caused 2% or less visible injury 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PPI controlled common lamb's-quarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed greater than 90% and green foxtail less than 60% 4 and 8 WAE. Weed biomass and density followed a similar pattern. White bean yield with halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with the same herbicides was equivalent to the weed-free control.

Comparisons of nitrogen fixation estimates in soybeans by nodule weight, leghemoglobin content, and acetylene reduction

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Johnson ◽  
D. J. Hume
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Glycine Max L

Nodule leghemoglobin content, acetylene reduction rates, and nodule weight determinations were made during an entire growth period of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Altona) plants grown under field conditions. High correlations within most sampling dates were found between each pair of possible comparisons of these indicators of nitrogen fixation.Rates of conversion of acetylene to ethylene per milligram leghemoglobin constantly decreased during the growing season, whereas leghemoglobin content per gram nodule fresh weight remained relatively constant. These results indicate that leghemoglobin content of nodules could be used to compare rates of nitrogen fixation in plants of a soybean cultivar at similar stages of development but should not be used to compare fixation rates in plants at different stages in ontogeny.

Effect of timing of application on the recovery of fertilizer N applied to irrigated soft white wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513
Author(s):  
J. M. Carefoot ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
J. B. Bole
Keyword(s):  
Difference Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
The Difference

The effect of timing of application on the recovery of fertilizer N applied to irrigated soft white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated in a 3-yr field study and a 1-yr lysimeter study using 15N-labelled urea and ammonium nitrate. Fertilizer N treatments consisted of a check and 90 kg ha−1 applied as preplant N, postplant N or combinations. Under a controlled watering regime in the lysimeter experiment, timing of N application had no effect on plant growth parameters. In the field studies, although grain yield was not affected by N timing, grain N concentration increased from 17.9 to 19.6 g kg−1 as the proportion of postplant N was increased from 0 to 100%. Plant N uptake was greater when all of the N was applied postplant than preplant (means = 124.5 and 114.2 kg ha−1, respectively) in the field studies. Plant recovery of fertilizer N (FNR) by the difference method was greater when all of the fertilizer N was applied postplant (43.7%) man preplant (28.6%) in the field experiments. With a negative apparent added N interaction (ANI), the FNR was less by the difference method than by the 15N method. However, with a positive ANI, FNR was less by the 15N method than by the difference method. There was a greater difference between methods as the proportion of N applied as postplant N increased. Key words: Fertilizer N timing, irrigation, soft white wheat, nitrogation, fertilizer N recovery

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER N ON N2(C2H2) FIXATION AND YIELD OF WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. SMITH ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Seed Yields

White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) generally fixes less atmospheric nitrogen (N2) than does soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). Experiments were conducted to assess the sensitivity of both species to irrigation and fertilizer N. Trials were conducted near Elora, Ontario in 1981 to 1983 and at Cambridge, Ontario in 1983. Treatments included applying 1 cm/day of irrigation water, 200 kg N/ha added throughout the season (400 kg N/ha at Elora in 1983), 1 cm/day of irrigation water plus N, and a control with no added fertilizer or water. Irrigation increased N2(C2H2) fixation in white bean by four to 150 times and in soybean by two to four times. Nodule mass and nodule size also were generally increased more in white bean than in soybean. Specific nodule activity (SNA) was increased similarly in both species. Fertilizer N decreased N2(C2H2) fixation consistently, and also lowered nodulation and SNA in most cases. The increase due to irrigation was the same in most instances under low or high N conditions. There was no indication that nodulation and N2(C2H2) fixation were more sensitive to fertilizer N in white bean than soybean. Fertilizer N application caused 10–20% increases in total N accumulation in each experiment, but seed yields were only increased by fertilizer N at the site with the least available soil N. N2(C2H2) fixation by white bean was much less than by soybean, yet seed yields of white bean were higher in two of the four trials. Yields in white bean appeared no more limited by available N than were yields in soybean.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, N2(C2H2) fixation, nodule development, seed yield

GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHITE BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER AND TO INOCULATION WITH Rhizobium

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY ◽  
S. J. PARK ◽  
W. I. FINDLAY
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Second Year

Two white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown for 2 yr on test plots of a long-term fertilizer trial showed a significant response to nitrate in the first year and in the 2 yr combined but not in the second year on its own. Yield in the second year was about half of that in the first year, possibly because of water stress. Bean yield was lowest in the zero nitrate, about equally high for 112 and 224 kg N ha−1, but somewhat lower at 336 kg N ha−1. Annual application of potassium and phosphorus (compared to no application for 12 yr) did not affect bean yield, but increased plant dry weight after 24 d in 1984 and the 2 yr combined, after 38 d in 1984 and after 52 d in 1983 and also increased the number of days to maturity. Nitrate effects on the dry weights of samples taken during the growing season were similar to those for bean yield. Acetylene reduction rates (first year) and nodule weights were highest in zero N and declined to very low values at 336 kg N ha−1. Acetylene reduction rate per plant reached a maximum value early in the season and declined to low values before bean filling was complete. Rhizobium inoculation had no discernible effects on dry weights or yield, but a small significant effect on days to maturity. We conclude that these white bean cultivars are unable to fix sufficient nitrogen to produce maximum yield.Key words: Field bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, nitrogen, Rhizobium

Tolerance of Peas (Pisum sativum) to Acifluorfen Applied Preemergence

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Lima Beans ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

In four field experiments, acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied preemergence at 1.1 kg/ha was not phytotoxic to peas (Pisum sativumL.) and increased the yield of shelled peas by an average of 25% compared to the weedy control. Yields were highest in all four experiments at the 1.1 kg/ha rate and tended to decline at higher rates of application. Growth chamber studies demonstrated that pea tolerance to acifluorfen was not affected by temperatures of 16/10 to 27/21C (light/dark) nor by stimulated rainfall of 0.5 to 5.0 cm. Peas and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] were more tolerant of acifluorfen than were snap beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and lima beans (Phaseolus lunatusL.) when acifluorfen was applied preemergence in the greenhouse or in hydroponic nutrient solution.

ĐIỀU TRA, TINH SẠCH VÀ TÌM HIỂU TÍNH CHẤT ĐẶC TRƯNG CỦA LECTIN MỘT SỐ GIỐNG ĐẬU CÔ VE (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Đăng Nguyên ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Hạnh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
White Bean

Đã điều tra lectin của 6 giống đậu cô ve thấy rằng cả 6 giống đều có hoạt tính lectin trong đó giống đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi (white bean core bush type white seeds) có hoạt tính lectin mạnh nhất, đặc biệt đối với hồng cầu trâu, bò, lợn. Lectin của 6 giống này đều không có biểu hiện đặc hiệu nhóm máu. Lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi hoạt động tốt nhất ở nhiệt độ 300C – 400C, pH 6,8 – 7,6. Các đường α-D-glucose, α-D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-saccharide,  D-lactose, D-arabinose và D-manitose ở nồng độ 0,05 – 0,1 M có tác dụng kìm hãm hoạt tính của lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi. Lectin này cũng bị kìm hãm bởi protein của một số huyết thanh người và động vật (trâu, bò, lợn). Đã tinh sạch lectin đậu cove hạt trắng dạng bụi có độ tinh sạch gấp khoảng 52 lần so với dịch thô ban đầu. Trên gel polyacrylamide thấy xuất hiện 5 band có khối lượng phân tử trong khoảng 30 – 97 kDa.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

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