GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR EAR MOLD RESISTANCE AND ITS SUBCOMPONENTS IN MAIZE HYBRIDS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
J. F. MULDOON ◽  
G. N. ATLIN
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Twelve short season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were evaluated over five environments between 1979 and 1982 to determine the magnitude of the genotype × environment interaction for ear mold (Gibberella zeae (Schwabe)) resistance. Mold damage (MD) was characterized into two subcomponents, percent infected plants (%IP) and spread of infection on infected ears (SI). All three traits (%MD, %IP and SI) exhibited highly significant genotype × environment interactions. Weather variables were considered to account for an insignificant proportion of this variation due to the nature of the artificial inoculaton procedure. An undetermined proportion of the variation was likely attributable to differences in fungal isolates used over the years. Estimates of stability indicated that four of the 12 hybrids had relatively low mold damage and high stability over the five environments. Broad-sense heritabilities estimated over the five environments were 0.73, 0.84 and 0.54 for %MD, %IP and SI, respectively. Evaluation of mold damage in one environment gave estimated heritabilities of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.19 for the three traits, respectively. Low genotypic correlation between %IP and SI indicated that they are in fact substantially different traits which may be selected for independently. Percent infected plants was a more stable trait than percent mold damage per se when selection occurred in one environment and, depending on the relative proportions of additive and nonadditive gene action conditioning the two traits, %IP may be a more suitable selection criterion in a recurrent selection program than percent mold damage.Key words: Gibberella zea, initial infection, spread of infection, corn, maize, ear mold

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of commercial maize hybrids across diverse Terai environments during the winter season in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Prasad Tripathi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Dil Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The hybrid maize cultivars of multinational seed companies are gradually being popular among the farmers in Nepal. This paper reports on research finding of 117 maize hybrids of 20 seed companies assessed for grain yield and other traits at three sites in winter season of 2011 and 2012. The objective of the study was to identify superior maize hybrids suitable for winter time planting in eastern, central and inner Terai of Nepal. Across site analysis of variance revealed that highly significant effect of genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on grain yield of commercial hybrids. Overall, 47 genotypes of 16 seed companies identified as high yielding and stable based on superiority measures. The statistical analysis ranked topmost three genotypes among tested hybrids as P3856 (10515 kg ha-1), Bisco prince (8763 kg ha-1) as well as Shaktiman (8654 kg ha-1) in the first year; and 3022 (8378 kg ha-1), Kirtiman manik (8323 kg ha-1) as well as Top class (7996 kg ha-1) in the second year. It can be concluded that stable and good performing hybrids identified as potential commercial hybrids for general cultivation on similar environments in Nepal.

DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO E ESTABILIDADE DE TOPCROSSES DE MILHO AVALIADOS EM MINAS GERAIS E PARANÁ

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GABRIEL ◽  
MARCOS VENTURA FARIA ◽  
GUILHERME MENDES BATTISTELLI ◽  
EVANDREI SANTOS ROSSI ◽  
CARLOS AUGUSTO DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Ear Height

 RESUMO – O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e estabilidade fenotípica de híbridos topcrosses de milho oriundos do cruzamento com uma linhagem elite (testador), em quatro ambientes (Guarapuava- PR, Candói-PR, Guarda-Mor-MG e Paracatu-MG), utilizando os métodos Annicchiarico e AMMI para selecionar linhagens com elevado potencial genético. Foram avaliados 88 híbridos topcrosses e 12 híbridos comerciais (2B688, AG9010, AS1575, DKB390, GNZ2500, GNZ8132, GNZ9501, GNZ9505, P30F53, P30R50, P30F35 e Penta). O delineamento utilizado foi o látice triplo 10x10 e foram avaliadas as características agronômicas altura de planta (AP), altura de espiga (AE) e estabilidade produtiva de grãos (PG). Observou-se efeito significativo para genótipo, ambiente e interação genótipo x ambiente para a PG. A média de produtividade dos genótipos foi maior em Paracatu-MG (11.100 kg ha-1) que em Candói (9.654 kg ha-1), Guarapuava (9.456 kg ha-1) e Guarda-Mor (9.446 kg ha-1). Com base nos resultados de PG e estabilidade utilizando os métodos Annicchiarico e AMMI, o híbrido topcross HTC 136 mostrou ser o melhor para seguir no programa de melhoramento no processo de endogamia.Palavras-chave: Annicchiarico, AMMI, interação genótipo x ambiente, testador, Zea mayz L. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY OF MAIZE TOPCROSSES IN MINAS GERAIS AND PARANÁ ABSTRACT – The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and phenotype stability of top cross maize hybrids originated by crossing with an elite line (tester), in four environments (Guarapuava-PR, Candói- PR, Guarda-Mor-MG and Paracatu-MG), using the methods Annicchiarico and AMMI to select lines with high genetic potential. Thus, 88 top cross hybrids and 12 commercial hybrids (2B688, AG9010, AS1575, DKB390, GNZ2500, GNZ8132, GNZ9501, GNZ9505, P30F53, P30R50, P30F35 and Penta) were evaluated. The 10x10 triple lattice design was used evaluating the agronomic characteristics plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and yield stability of grain (YG). Significant differences were observed for genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction for YG. The average productivity of the genotypes was superior in Paracatu-MG (11,100 kg ha-1) compared to Candói (9,654 kg ha-1), Guarapuava (9,456 kg ha-1) and Guarda-Mor (9,446 kg ha-1). The data on YG and stability using Annicchiarico and AMMI methods showed that the top cross hybrid HTC 136 is suitable to continue in the inbreeding process of the breeding program.Keywords: Annicchiarico, AMMI, genotype-environment interaction, tester, Zea mayz L.

LODGING-ENHANCING TECHNIQUES FOR USE ON CORN PERFORMANCE TRIALS IN SHORT-SEASON AREAS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
S. TWUMASI-AFRIYIE ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stalk Lodging

A study was conducted during the 2 yr, 1978 and 1979, to determine an effective method of enhancing stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) with the objective of being able to differentiate among hybrids for lodging susceptibility under conditions of low natural lodging. Six maize hybrids representing a wide range of stalk lodging resistance were used in the study. The techniques utilized were inoculating plants with a stalk rot pathogen (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) and/or infesting plants with European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). Both techniques, individually or in combination, were effective in enhancing lodging. Under environmental conditions and cultural practices where natural stalk lodging was low and differences in stalk lodging among hybrids would have otherwise been masked, the two lodging-enhancing techniques allowed for improved detection of hybrid differences. Both treatment effects and differences among hybrids for stalk lodging increased as stalk lodging rating was delayed, indicating delayed rating is preferable. Disadvantages to delayed rating are discussed.

PERFORMANCE UNDER STRESS OF ADVANCED CYCLES OF FOUR POPULATIONS OF CORN (Zea mays L.) IN AN S1 PER SE RECURRENT SELECTION PROGRAM

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
O. A. ADARA ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Advanced Cycles

Two cycles of S1 per se recurrent selection were conducted in four populations of corn (Zea mays L.). The primary selection criterion was a performance index: grain yield divided by percent moisture at harvest. The original (C0) source material and first cycle (C1) of selection for each population were evaluated in a favorable (1977) and an unfavorable (1978) growing season. Second cycle (C2) materials were also included in the 1978 comparisons. In 1977, C1 yielded significantly more grain than C0 in three of the four populations. In contrast, performance of C1 and C2 materials in 1978 was inferior to C0 in all populations but one. The advanced cycles of only one population showed improvement over C0 in both years. Comparisons of the 1977 data for days to silking, grain yield, and percent ear moisture at harvest suggest that rate of grain filling in C1 was higher than in C0 for all populations. The higher rates of grain filling in the advanced cycles may have caused a carbohydrate deficiency under stress (1978) so that the leaves no longer functioned normally and kernel filling was terminated prematurely. In general, the four populations showed inherent differences in their respective responses to selection, to environmental stress, and to inbreeding.

scholarly journals Evaluación de híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) de grano blanco y amarillo en ambientes de Centroamérica, Panamá y el Caribe en 1996.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adán Aguiluz
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
White Grain ◽  
National Programs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

Thirty white-grain hybrids in 1210cations and 20 yellow-grain hybrids in 14 locations were evaluated in 1996. The control HB-83 was used for white grains, and control HB-46 was used for yellow grains. Measurement of genotype/environment interaction was obtained through the analysis of additive main effects and multiplicative in~eractions (AMMI model). White hybrids A- 7573, H-53, HN-951, A-7530, CB- XHS-7GMl and CML- 9XCML-47 equaled or surpassed the HB-83 control in 17,8%; 0,1%; 1,1%; 9,2%; 8,1% and 18,7% ofthe cases, respectively, showing little interaction with the environment (AMMI values close to O). Two of these hybrids are from national programs, and three from private seed companies. As for the yellow grains, only the CB-XHS-8GM3, HS-6 and DK-888A hybrids surpassed the control HA-46 in yield, and showed AMMI scores c10se to O: (0,20; -0,07 and -0,12, respectively); all of these belong to private seed companies.

Genotype × environment interaction and selection of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids across moisture regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 108224
Author(s):  
Ashok Singamsetti ◽  
J.P. Shahi ◽  
P.H. Zaidi ◽  
K. Seetharam ◽  
M.T. Vinayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Selection Of

PLANT DENSITY, MATURITY AND PROLIFICACY EFFECTS ON EARLY MAIZE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. CROSS ◽  
J. TONYE KAMEN ◽  
L. BRUN
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Lower Test ◽  
Root Lodging ◽  
Stalk Lodging

Several early maize (Zea mays L.) ideotypes were evaluated to determine if maturity or prolificacy differences were important determinants of responses to variable plant densities. Sixteen hybrids were tested at 24 000, 48 000 and 72 000 plants ha−1 in four North Dakota environments. These 16 hybrids represented a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of maturity (ear moisture at harvest) and prolificacy (ears per plant), with four randomly selected hybrids representing each combination of factors. Grain yield, ear moisture at harvest, stalk and root lodging, test weight and yield components were evaluated. No significant maturity × plant density or prolificacy × plant density interactions were detected although trends were for early hybrids to yield relatively better at higher planting densities. In the four environments, early hybrids outyielded late hybrids and prolific hybrids outyielded nonprolific hybrids. Early hybrids had higher test weights, more stalk lodging, heavier kernels and more ears per plant than late hybrids. Prolific hybrids had higher yields, lower test weights, lighter kernels, more ears per plant and more root lodging than nonprolific hybrids. For the four environments tested, the highest density produced the highest average yields. The data supported the use of early, prolific hybrids at medium to high densities. However, early prolific hybrids grown at high plant densities had increased root lodging, stalk lodging and higher moisture at harvest.Key words: Maize, yield components, genotype × environment interaction, plant population, planting rate, ears per plant

scholarly journals Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Effects under Heat Stress in Tropical Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
Vinayan Madhumal Thayil ◽  
Pervez H. Zaidi ◽  
Kaliyamoorthy Seetharam ◽  
Reshmi Rani Das ◽  
Sudarsanam Viswanadh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Stable Performance

Spring maize area has emerged as a niche market in South Asia. Production of maize during this post-rainy season is often challenged due to heat stress. Therefore, incorporating heat stress resilience is an important trait for incorporation in maize hybrids selected for deployment in this season. However, due to the significant genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects under heat stress, the major challenge lies in identifying maize genotypes with improved stable performance across locations and years. In the present study, we attempted to identify the key weather variables responsible for significant GEI effects, and identify maize hybrids with stable performance under heat stress across locations/years. The study details the evaluation of a set of prereleased advanced maize hybrids across heat stress vulnerable locations in South Asia during the spring seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017. Using factorial regression, we identified that relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as the two most important environmental covariates contributing to the large GEI observed on grain yield under heat stress. The study also identified reproductive stage, starting from tassel emergence to early grain-filling stage, as the most critical crop stage highly susceptible to heat stress. Across-site/year evaluation resulted in identification of six high yielding heat stress resilient hybrids.

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