AN INEXPENSIVE SYSTEM USING DRIP-EMITTERS FOR IRRIGATING SMALL PLOTS

Micro irrigation system should ensure relatively same amount of water to each plant along the total length of lateral line. In general, the drip irrigation systems are low to medium operating pressure head systems with a pressure requirement in range of 0.5 kg/cm2 to 2.5 kg/cm2 depending on the area irrigated and field layout geometry. However, since these systems are pressure irrigation systems which require appropriate operating pressure heads to deliver the required rates of flow, the inevitable frictional head losses are to be compensated for maintaining uniformity in water application. Hence, the hydraulic gradient compensation needs to be achieved by some viable mechanism so that the inequality in pressure heads and discharges can be eliminated or minimized. The crop production will have its maximum yield and water use efficiency only one the water distribution uniformities at its the highest. Hydraulic gradient compensation assumes a vital role in compensating the operating pressure heads as well as the emitter discharges. The hydraulic gradient compensated drip lateral layout registered high order of water distribution uniformity in the range of 97.8% and irrigation usage efficiency in the range of 17.98 kg/ha/mm to 20.69 kg/ha/mm for 2 lph emitter arrangements.

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Effect of Pulse Drip Irrigation Duration on Water Distribution Uniformity

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2276

Author(s):

David Lozano ◽

Natividad Ruiz ◽

Rafael Baeza ◽

Juana I. Contreras ◽

Pedro Gavilán

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Schedule ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Distribution Uniformity

Developing an appropriate irrigation schedule is essential in order to save water while at the same time maintaining high crop yields. The standard procedures of the field evaluation of distribution uniformity do not take into account the effects of the filling and emptying phases of the irrigation system. We hypothesized that, in sloping sandy soils, when short drip irrigation pulses are applied it is important to take into account the total water applied from the beginning of irrigation until the emptying of the irrigation system. To compute distribution uniformity, we sought to characterize the filling, stable pressure, and emptying phases of a standard strawberry irrigation system. We found that the shorter the time of the irrigation pulse, the worse the distribution uniformity and the potential application efficiency or zero deficit are. This effect occurs because as the volume of water applied during filling and emptying phases increases, the values of the irrigation performance indicators decrease. Including filling and emptying phases as causes of non-uniformity has practical implications for the management of drip irrigation systems in sloping sandy soils.

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Performance of pea under different irrigation systems

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.4482 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

K.V. Ramana Rao ◽

Suchi Gangwar ◽

Arpna Bajpai ◽

Ravish Keshri ◽

Lavesh Chourasia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Sprinkler System ◽

Crop Water ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Weekly Basis ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Micro Irrigation

The field experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal on influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years (2010-2013) on the performance pea crop. Conventional flood irrigation, micro sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were adopted as three treatments and with seven replications in each treatment in the study. Pea (Arkel variety) crop was sown at a spacing of 45 X 10 cm. During the period of experiment flood irrigation were applied on weekly basis and micro irrigation and drip irrigation systems were operated every third day to meet the crop water requirement. The total quantity of water applied in flood, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler systems were 387.5, 244.7 and 273.5 mm respectively. Maximum crop yield was observed under micro sprinkler system (98.60 q/ha) followed by drip and conventional irrigation system. Saving of water was found better under drip irrigation over micro sprinkler irrigation system.

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AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2008v13n1p47-62 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 47-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza ◽

Paula Cristina de Souza ◽

Márcio Antônio Vilas Boas

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Field Tests ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Rural Village ◽

System A ◽

De Se ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

And Storage

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza; Paula Cristina de Souza; Márcio Antônio Vilas BoasCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel , Pr, [email protected] 1 RESUMO O manejo racional da irrigação consiste na aplicação da quantidade necessária de água às plantas no momento correto. É recomendável após a instalação de um sistema de irrigação, proceder-se a testes de campo, com o objetivo de se verificar a adequação da irrigação recomendando, quando necessário, ajustes na operação e, principalmente, no manejo. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar dois sistemas de irrigação, sendo um por aspersão convencional fixo e outro por gotejamento, implantados na Vila Rural Flor do Campo, localizada na região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, através da determinação dos parâmetros de uniformidade e eficiência de distribuição de água. Foram utilizadas as metodologias propostas na norma ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2, Asae (1995) e por Keller & Karmeli (1975). Foram realizados trinta ensaios em cada sistema de irrigação. Para o sistema de irrigação por aspersão foi obtido CUC de 77,9%, considerado abaixo do valor mínimo aceitável de 80%, sendo que a velocidade do vento variou de 0 a 2,4 m s-1. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 77,0% e 48,8%. No sistema de irrigação por gotejamento foi obtido CUC de 93,7% considerado valor excelente. A Uniformidade de Emissão (UE) encontrada foi de 89,3% sendo considerada boa. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 100% e 65,0 %. UNITERMOS: Irrigação, aspersão convencional, gotejamento, uniformidade, eficiência, avaliação. SOUZA, E. A. M.; SOUZA, P.C.; VILAS BOAS, M. A. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIXED CONVENTIONAL ASPERSION AND DRIPPING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN A RURAL VILLAGE 2 ABSTRACT The rational handling of the irrigation consists of the application of the necessary amount of water to the plants at the correct moment. After the installation of an irrigation system, it is recommended the field tests be carried out in order to verify the adequacy of the recommended irrigation and , when necessary, to adjust the operation and, mainly, the handling. The aim of this work was to evaluate two irrigation systems, a fixed conventional aspersion system and a dripping one, installed in the l Flor do Campo, a rural village located in the Northwest of Paraná state, through the determination of the parameters of water distribution uniformity and efficiency. The methodologies used were according to the ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2 norm, Asae (1995) and for Keller & Karmeli (1975). Thirty assays in each irrigation system were tested. In the irrigation system with aspersion CUC of 77.9%, which is considered below the minimum acceptable value of 80%, was found considering that the wind speed varied from 0 to 2.4 ms-1. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) obtained in this system were 77.0% and 48.8 %, respectively. In the dripping irrigation system, a CUC of 93.7%, considered an excellent value, was found. The EU was 89.3% and considered good. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) gotten in this system were 100% and 65. 0 %, respectively. KEY WORDS: Irrigation, conventional aspersion, dripping, uniformity, efficiency, evaluation.

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DINÂMICA DA OBSTRUÇÃO DE EMISSORES USADOS NA CULTURA DA UVA UTILIZANDO ÁGUA SALINA DE POÇO SUBTERRANEO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2016v21n3p491-502 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

ROBERTO CASTRO NASCIMENTO ◽

PEDRO ROBINSON FERNANDES DE MEDEIROS ◽

GABIANE SOUZA SANTOS ◽

ELTON CARLOS PEREIRA VIEIRA DE ALENCAR TELES ◽

DAYANE RODRIGUES GONÇALVES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Root Zone ◽

Saline Water ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Salt Water ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Drip Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Country Club

DINÂMICA DA OBSTRUÇÃO DE EMISSORES USADOS NA CULTURA DA UVA UTILIZANDO ÁGUA SALINA DE POÇO SUBTERRANEO ROBERTO CASTRO NASCIMENTO1; PEDRO ROBINSON FERNANDES DE MEDEIROS2; GABIANE SOUZA SANTOS1; ELTON CARLOS PEREIRA VIEIRA DE ALENCAR TELES1; DAYANE RODRIGUES GONÇALVES1 E ANA PRISCILA FELIX MARTINS2 1Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – Campus Juazeiro, Av. Antonio Carlos Magalhães, 510 Country Club, CEP: 48.902-300 – Juazeiro, BA. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – Campus Juazeiro, Av. Antonio Carlos Magalhães, 510 Country Club, CEP: 48.902-300 – Juazeiro, BA. [email protected] 1 RESUMO A irrigação localizada envolve os sistemas onde a água é aplicada diretamente sobre a região da raiz, em pequenas intensidades, mas com alta freqüência, a fim de manter a umidade do solo na zona radicular próxima à capacidade de campo, sendo de grande importância no cenário agrícola brasileiro, com aplicações voltadas principalmente para a fruticultura, horticultura e fertirrigação. Os sistemas de irrigação localizada de alta frequência são os mais afetados pela obstrução dos emissores decorrente da contaminação da água. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a obstrução de emissores em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento usado na cultura da uva por 5 anos, com fertirrigação, utilizando água salina de poço profundo, afim de apontar possíveis causas e sugerir soluções que permitam o uso otimizado da água de irrigação. Como referência, os tubos gotejadores inicialmente foram submetidos a 360 h de irrigação com água do Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto de Juazeiro-BA (SAAE) e posteriormente com água do Rio São Francisco. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Irrigação, no Campus de Juazeiro/BA, da UNIVASF. A estatística foi à descritiva, por medidas de tendência central e por medidas de dispersão de dados. Como principais resultados têm-se que os emissores com cinco anos de uso na fertirrigação, apresentaram inicialmente um grau de entupimento de 16,5%, bem superior se comparado com o mesmo tubo gotejador novo, em torno de 7%; com um aumento nos valores para 18% e 11%, respectivamente. Foi verificado que a água salina causou uma obstrução parcial maior que a água tratada do abastecimento. PALAVRAS CHAVE: grau de entupimento, água salina, uniformidade de aplicação. NASCIMENTO, R. C.; MEDEIROS, P. R. F.; SANTOS, G. S.; TELES, E. C. P. V. A.; GONÇALVES, D. R.; MARTINS, A. P. F.DYNAMICS OF OBSTRUCTION OF THE ISSUER USED IN GRAPE CULTURE USING SALINE WATER WELL UNDERGROUND 2 ABSTRACT The drip irrigation involves irrigation systems where water is applied directly to the root area in small intensities, but with high frequency in order to maintain soil moisture in the root zone close to field capacity, and is of great importance in the Brazilian agricultural scenario, with applications geared mainly for fruits, vegetables and fertigation. High frequency localized irrigation systems are the most affected by obstruction of emitter due to water contamination. This study evaluated the emitters obstruction in a drip irrigation system used in wine growing for 5 years, with fertigation using saline water from deep well, in order to identify possible causes and suggest solutions to the optimal use of water irrigation. As reference, the drip irrigation system was subject to 360 h of irrigation with water and then with SAAE water from São Francisco River. The work was developed in the Irrigation Laboratory in the campus of Juazeiro / BA, UNIVASF. Statistical analysis was descriptive, for measures of central tendency and data dispersion measures. And the main results is that for the issuing company with five years of use in fertigation, initially, the proportion was 16.5% clogging, much higher compared to the same new dripline, around 7%; with 18% and 11% increase in values for, respectively. It has been found that the saline water caused a partial obstruction greater than that of the treated water supply. Keywords: degree of clogging, salt water, uniformity of application.

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Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) for Enhanced Water Distribution: SDI - Seepage Hybrid System

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-hs1217-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln Zotarelli ◽

Libby Rens ◽

Charles Barrett ◽

Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽

Michael D. Dukes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Soil Surface ◽

High Water ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Seepage Irrigation ◽

Subsurface Drip

In terms of water use efficiency, the traditional seepage irrigation systems commonly used in areas with high water tables are one of the most inefficient methods of irrigation, though some irrigation management practices can contribute to better soil moisture uniformity. Subsurface drip irrigation systems apply water below the soil surface by microirrigation, improving the water distribution and time required to raise the water table for seepage irrigation. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Lincoln Zotarelli, Libby Rens, Charles Barrett, Daniel J. Cantliffe, Michael D. Dukes, Mark Clark, and Steven Lands, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1217

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Justification of the underflow intake design in the mountainous gardening conditions for the drip irrigation system

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021005007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 05007

Author(s):

Kharlampiy Kilidi ◽

Evgeny Kuznetsov ◽

Anna Khadzhidi ◽

Larisa Motornaya ◽

Arsen Kurtnezirov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

The North ◽

Polyethylene Pipes ◽

Intake Structure

For ecological gardening, it is necessary to develop agricultural landscapes, which are currently not used effectively enough in mountainous areas and are not adapted for the production of eco-products, except for hay on pastures. Drip irrigation systems allow you to grow orchards and vineyards on the slopes of mountains and areas with high slopes. The source of irrigation for orchards is usually mountain rivers, which have an unstable water regime due to flood events, which is a problem for the development of ecological gardening and viticulture. Designed water intake structure on the White river for drip irrigation systems, which in a complex hydrological regime source of irrigation ensures the production of water for irrigation of crops, and allows at minimum levels to provide the necessary water supply for irrigation of crops in the highlands of the North Caucasus. The design for extracting irrigation water includes perforated polyethylene pipes with a flushing device located in a trench in the backfill of the filter. Water purified from large deposits flows by gravity into the receiving well and is then sent to an additional treatment system. This approach to water extraction provides a guaranteed irrigation regime for the garden of fruit crops.

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Effect of chlorination and pressure flushing of drippers fed by reclaimed wastewater on biofouling

10.1101/2020.07.17.208074 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kévin Lequette ◽

Nassim Ait-Mouheb ◽

Nicolas Adam ◽

Marine Muffat-Jeandet ◽

Valérie Bru-Adan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

List Type ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Labyrinth Channel ◽

Biofilm Development ◽

The Impact

AbstractDripper clogging reduces the performance and service life of a drip irrigation system. The impact of chlorination (1.5 ppm of free chlorine during 1 h application) and pressure flushing (0.18 MPa) on the biofouling of non-pressure-compensating drippers fed by real reclaimed wastewater was studied at lab scale using Optical Coherence Tomography. The effect of these treatments on microbial composition (bacteria and eukaryotes) was also investigated by High-throughput DNA sequencing. Biofouling was mainly observed in inlet, outlet and return areas of the drippers. Chlorination limited biofilm development mainly in the mainstream of the milli-labyrinth channel. It was more efficient when combined with pressure flushing. Moreover, chlorination was more efficient in maintaining the water distribution uniformity. It reduced the bacterial concentration and the diversity of the dripper biofilms compared to the pressure flushing method. This method strongly modified the microbial communities, promoting chlorine-resistant bacteria such as Comamonadaceae or Azospira. Inversely, several bacterial groups were identified as sensitive to chlorination such as Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. Nevertheless, one month after stopping the treatments the bacterial diversity re-increased and the chlorine-sensitive bacteria such as Chloroflexi phylum and the Saprospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, Christensenellaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae families re-emerged with the growth of biofouling, highlighting the resilience of the bacteria from drippers. Based on PCoA analyses, the structure of the communities still clustered separately from never-chlorinated drippers, showing that the effect of chlorination was still present one month after stopping the treatment.HighlightsThe fouling of drippers is a bottleneck for drip irrigation using reclaimed wastewaterBiofouling was lowest when chlorination was combined with pressure flushingThe β-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes contain chlorine resistant bacteriaThe decrease of Chloroflexi by chlorination was transitoryThe bacterial community was resilient after the interruption of cleaning events

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Head and lateral length on water distribution uniformity of a PVC drip irrigation system

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2013.7468 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (30) ◽

pp. 2298-2305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evans ASENSO ◽

Jiuhao LI ◽

Hai-Bo CHEN ◽

Emmanuel OFORI ◽

Fuseini ISSAKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Drip Irrigation System ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Lateral Length

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A MODIFIED EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE WETTED ZONE DIMENSIONS UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v76.5954 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 76 (15) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed A. M. Al-Ogaidi ◽

Aimrun Wayayok ◽

Md Rowshon Kamal ◽

Ahmed Fikri Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Empirical Model ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Model Performance ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Modified Model ◽

Model Efficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

Statistical Criteria

Drip irrigation system has become one of the most common irrigation systems especially in arid and semi-arid regions due to its advantages in saving water. One of the most essential considerations in designing these systems is the dimensions of the wetted soil volume under emitters. These dimensions are significant in choosing the proper emitter spacing along the laterals and the suitable distance between laterals. In this study, a modified empirical equations for estimating the horizontal and vertical extend of the wetted zone under surface emitters were suggested. Data from published papers includes different conditions of soil properties and emitter discharge were used in deriving the empirical model using the nonlinear regression. The developed model has high value for coefficient of determination, R2. The results from the developed model were compared with results of other empirical models derived by other researchers. Some statistical criteria were used to evaluate the model performance which are the mean error ME, root mean square error RMSE, and model efficiency EF. The results revealed that the modified model showed good performance in predicting the wetted zone dimensions and it can be used in design and management of drip irrigation systems.

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