THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN J. DOUGLAS ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
A. GORDON THOMAS ◽  
MURRAY G. MAW
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Light Level ◽  
High Light ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Green Foxtail

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. is a European native and has been present in Canada since at least 1821. It is currently the most abundant weed species in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Setaria viridis is primarily a problem in late-seeded spring crops and is most competitive under high-temperature and high-light level conditions. Setaria viridis is easily controlled with herbicides but it continues to be a major weed problem due to its rapid growth through the vegetative stage to flowering, the large numbers of seeds produced and its high phenotypic plasticity.Key words: Green foxtail, weed biology, distribution, Setaria viridis

Factors Affecting the Herbicidal Activity of TCA on Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Light ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was effectively controlled in the greenhouse by applying the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a postemergence treatment, when a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was used; when application preceded the two-leaf stage; and when 2.54 mm of water were available daily for moving TCA into the soil. There were significant interactions of TCA rate with light intensity, temperature, and source of seeds on the response of green foxtail. Seedhead production was curtailed at rates of 0.56 kg/ha or above when plants were grown under high light intensities (19,250 to 22,000 lux) and at moderate temperatures (20 to 22 C). Rates of 1.68 kg/ha or more were required to stop heading of foxtail grown at high temperature (27 C).

The Fate of Nitrofen in Rape, Redroot Pigweed, and Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hawton ◽  
E. H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
High Light ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Ether Linkage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

The fate of 2,4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) in the foliage of rape (Brassica campestris L. ‘Echo’), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was investigated with the aid of 14C-nitrofen. Only limited amounts of the label were translocated in these species. Plants treated with 14C-nitrofen under high light conditions produced several labelled compounds of different molecular size and chromatographic properties. The time at which these compounds were first detectable depended on light intensity. At least two of these compounds are lipid-nitrofen conjugates or nitrofen polymers and others may be formed by cleavage of nitrofen at the ether linkage.

Effects of Soil pH on Competitive Ability and Leaf Nutrient Content of Corn (Zea maysL.) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Weaver ◽  
Allan S. Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Companion Plant

Effects of soil pH on growth, competitive ability, and leaf nutrient content of corn (Zea maysL.), Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powelliiS. Wats. ♯ AMAPO), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. ♯ ABUTH), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv. ♯ SETVI] were measured in the field. Corn yields were significantly reduced by weed competition at all pH levels, but leaf nutrient content, as a percentage of dry weight, was not affected. Aboveground dry weights of Powell amaranth and velvetleaf were significantly lower at pH 4.8 than at pH 6.0 or 7.3, whereas growth of green foxtail was greater at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. Weed competitive ability, as evidenced by reductions in dry weight, varied with soil pH and companion plant. Powell amaranth and velvetleaf had higher levels of S, Zn, and especially Mn, at pH 4.8 than at pH 7.3. N and K in the leaf tissue were greater in the weed species than in corn at all soil pH levels. The dicot species had higher percentages of Ca and Mg in leaf tissue at all soil pH levels and accumulated higher percentages of Mn at low pH than the monocot species.

Selectivity of Nitrofen among Rape, Redroot Pigweed, and Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hawton ◽  
E. H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of 2,4-dichlorophenylp-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) among rape (Brassica campestrisL., var. Echo) and two weed species, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), was determined quantitatively by a replicated dosage-response experiment. On an ED50basis, green foxtail and redroot pigweed were, respectively, 5.8 and 63.3 times more susceptible than rape. Selectivity was divided into three parameters; viz., differential spray retention, differential penetration, and differential effects within the plant. Differences in retention were measured with the use of a water-soluble dye, while differences in penetration were determined with14C-labelled nitrofen. Spray retention on green foxtail was 66% of that on the rape and 64% as much nitrofen penetrated redroot pigweed as penetrated rape. Under the conditions of these tests it was estimated that green foxtail and redroot pigweed were, respectively, 9 and 99 times more susceptible to nitrofen than was rape.

Uptake, Movement, and Metabolism of Cyanazine in Fall Panicum, Green Foxtail, and Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kern ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root System ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

In greenhouse studies root absorption after postemergence applications of cyanazine 2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile enhanced phytotoxicity to fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.), green foxtail (Setaria viridisL.), and corn (Zea maysL.). Less14C-cyanazine was taken up by the foliage of corn than by the weed species. A lower concentration of parent cyanazine in corn leaves was also evident. The addition of a phytobland oil to the treatment solution increased foliar cyanazine absorption 1 and 5 days following treatment. Although rapid metabolism occurred in corn roots, the large amount of cyanazine absorbed via the root system resulted in internal concentrations of parent cyanazine similar to that observed in the weed species. Cyanazine translocation was mainly acropetal from the point of application. The basis of selectivity is not solely based on the differential foliar uptake of cyanazine, but also on the proportion taken up by the foliage and roots. Under conditions favoring uptake by roots, the margin of selectivity may be reduced.

scholarly journals High light and temperature reduce photosynthetic efficiency through different mechanisms in the C4 model Setaria viridis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyenne M. Anderson ◽  
Erin M. Mattoon ◽  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
Eric Becker ◽  
William McHargue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Temperature Responses

AbstractC4 plants frequently experience high light and high temperature conditions in the field, which reduce growth and yield. However, the mechanisms underlying these stress responses in C4 plants have been under-explored, especially the coordination between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. We investigated how the C4 model plant Setaria viridis responded to a four-hour high light or high temperature treatment at photosynthetic, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural levels. Although we observed a comparable reduction of photosynthetic efficiency in high light or high temperature treated leaves, detailed analysis of multi-level responses revealed important differences in key pathways and M/BS specificity responding to high light and high temperature. We provide a systematic analysis of high light and high temperature responses in S. viridis, reveal different acclimation strategies to these two stresses in C4 plants, discover unique light/temperature responses in C4 plants in comparison to C3 plants, and identify potential targets to improve abiotic stress tolerance in C4 crops.

Germination of Exhumed Weed Seed in Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orvin C. Burnside ◽  
Charles R. Fenster ◽  
Larry L. Evetts ◽  
Robert F. Mumm
Keyword(s):  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

An experiment was initiated in 1970 and continued through 1979 by exhuming and germinating seed of 12 economic weed species buried beneath 23 cm of soil in eastern and western Nebraska. Loss in germination of exhumed seeds over years is mathematically characterized by the formula for the rectangular hyperbola, which represents many shapes of curves that have zero as their lower limit. Of the 12 weed species, only fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) seed germination did not drop significantly over the 10-yr burial period. Germination of redroot pigweed seed was higher when buried in eastern Nebraska, but was higher for smooth groundcherry (Physalis subglabrataMack&Bush.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) when buried in western Nebraska. Germination of the other nine species were not affected by burial location. The 12 weed species can be ranked as those showing most to least rapid loss of germination during burial for 10 yr as follows: honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt.], hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinumL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], sunflower (Helianthus annumL.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.), musk thistle (Carduus nutansL.), velvetleaf, fall panicum, redroot pigweed, green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], and smooth groundcherry.

Inheritance of Trifluralin Resistance in Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Jasieniuk ◽  
Anita L. Brûlé-Babel ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

In F2progeny, derived from F1hybrids, shoot growth of seedlings, measured 4 d after germination, distinguished susceptible (S) and resistant (R) phenotypes. Chisquare values indicated that the F2data fit a 3:1 (S:R) ratio for both populations and all trifluralin concentrations in which S and R phenotypes could be differentiated. Results indicate that trifluralin resistance in these green foxtail populations is controlled by a single, nuclear recessive gene. This study is the first to demonstrate recessive gene control of herbicide resistance in a weed species. The highly selfed nature and prolific seed production of green foxtail may have facilitated evolution of the recessive trait.

Effects of Weeds on the Anatomy of Roots of Cabbage and Tomato

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Retig ◽  
L. G. Holm ◽  
B. Esther Struckmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Brassica Kaber

The effects of weed species on the anatomy of roots of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were studied. One crop seed was placed on agar in a test tube to germinate in association with four additional seeds of a weed species. All the weed species caused abnormal changes in the anatomy of cabbage and tomato roots. Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) inhibited cell elongation and caused disruption of epidermis and disorganization of the root tissue in cabbage. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) also caused disruption of cabbage roots. Mustard (Brassica kaber DC.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) induced enlarged parenchyma cells of cabbage roots. The combination of tomato and jimsonweed resulted in disorganized root tissue or large roots with large parenchyma cells.

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