RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VEGETATIVE GROWTH, GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT IN SIX WINTER BARLEY CULTIVARS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. GARCIA DEL MORAL ◽  
J. M. RAMOS ◽  
L. RECALDE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Barley Protein

The relationship between the protein content of grain, plant grain yield and yield components (number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, and 1000-grain weight) was determined for six cultivars of winter barley, four six-rowed (Hordeum vulgare L.) and two two-rowed (H. distichon L.), grown in Granada (Spain) during 1979, 1980 and 1981. Each cultivar was grown with two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (25 and 40 kg/ha) applied both at seeding and as a top-dressing. Protein content of the grain, grain yield and number of ears per plant varied significantly with genotype, level of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding and year. Protein content of the grain was positively correlated with plant grain yield. Both factors were correlated principally with the number of ears per plant, and to a lesser extent with grains per ear and grain weight. The protein content and grain yield depended on the crop dry weight or biomass during the vegetative period (source capacity) which was in turn, related to the leaf area index.Key words: Barley, protein content, grain yield, Hordeum vulgare L., Hordeum distichon L.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic and Agronomic Traits of Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
József Csajbók ◽  
Péter Pepó ◽  
Erika Kutasy
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

We tested six winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars in a small plot field experiment, measuring photosynthesis and other parameters three times during the growing season. Four genotypes—Andoria, Jakubus, Paradies and Zophia—are new, promising varieties with requirements of intensive technology, high yield potential and very good disease resistance. The two popular Hungarian varieties (KG Apavár and KG Puszta) are relatively old but they have good tolerance to extreme ecological conditions and outstanding resistance and winter hardiness. The aim of our research was to test the new varieties’ performance. Several recent studies found close connections among various photosynthetic parameters in barley, and we confirmed that in our research. There were significant differences between the varieties in the assimilation rate—the highest values were measured at the BBCH 47–49 stage (end of booting), except Jakubus and Zophia, where the highest values were at BBCH 73–75 (milk ripe). The cultivars’ response to irradiation change varied, especially at higher photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels. In April and May, the plants were in drought stress according to the intercellular CO2 level and the total conductance to carbon dioxide. The differences between the air and leaf temperature were also low, indicating water stress, but the assimilation rate was relatively high (9.07–14.09 µmol m−2 s−1).We found a close connection between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and grain protein content in each of the tested barley cultivars. The correlation was significant, at p = 0.01 level. The protein yield per hectare was determined rather by grain yield than protein content. The relationship between the NDVI values and grain yield was moderate, but NDVI values and protein content are in strong correlation.

scholarly journals Barley response to seeding date in central Alberta

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Juskiw ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Seeding date is an important factor influencing productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). When conditions are conducive to early seeding or result in delayed seeding, producers need to know how cultivars will respond to these seeding situations. In this study, five cultivars (Abee, Harrington, Jackson, Noble and Virden) registered for western Canada were studied for 4 yr (1990 to 1993) when seeded early (late April or early May), in mid-May, in late-May, or late (mid-June) at Lacombe, AB. For all cultivars, early seeding resulted in grain yield advantages of 113 to 134% of the mean site yield, while with late seeding, grain yields were reduced to 54 to 76% of the mean site yield. The reduction in yield was least for Jackson, the earliest maturing cultivar tested. Late seeding reduced the period from sowing to emergence, vegetative period, grain-filling period, time from emergence to physiological maturity, test weight, grain yield, kernel weight, and tillers per plant; and increased plant height and percent thins. Late seeding had no significant effect on phyllochron, stand establishment, scald, lodging, protein content of the grain, kernel number per spike, and spikelet number per spike. Barley responded positively to early seeding in central Alberta, but when seeding was delayed (in this study to mid-June) the early and mid-maturing six-rowed cultivars with short phyllochrons performed better than the two-rowed and late six-rowed cultivars. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., seeding rate, phenological development, grain quality, grain yield, components

UTILIZATION OF CATTLE MANURE CONTAINING WOOD SHAVINGS: EFFECT ON SOIL AND CROP

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT ◽  
D. C. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wood Shavings

A 7-yr study was conducted to determine the effects of repeated annual applications of manure containing softwood shavings (M + S) at 50 t ha−1 on the soil and its productivity, relative to manure without shavings (M) at 50 t ha−1 and nitrogen fertilizer (F) at 67 kg ha−1. The EC, OM, total N and C:N ratio of the soil of the M + S and M + S + F plots to 60-cm depth were not significantly greater than those from the M plots, and in some instances they were significantly less. The NO3-N and total N and available P contents of the soil from the M + S treatment were significantly lower than those from the M treatment. Immobilization of N in the M + S and M + S + F treatments was indicated. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Gait') straw and grain yields and protein content of the grain were generally greater under the M than under the M + S treatment. When N fertilizer was included in the M + S treatment (M + S + F) the yields were similar to those of M, and the protein content increased. If manure with shavings is used for fertilizer, supplemental N should be applied to offset N immobilization. Key words: Manure disposal, manure, manure with wood shavings, nitrogen, crop yields

Yield, quality and stress tolerance of barley mixtures in central Alberta

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm ◽  
P. A. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Quality

Intraspecific mixtures may be a means of enhancing the genetic variability of modern crops while retaining the advantages of yield, quality, and stress tolerance of modern cultivars. Two- and three-way barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixtures of the cultivars Abee, Noble, Tukwa and Virden, were studied at Botha, Lacombe and Olds, Alberta, from 1992 to 1994. Treatments consisted of the four cultivars as monocrops and in 6 two-way and 3 three-way mixtures grown at a seeding rate of 250 seeds m−2. Tukwa as a monocrop had the highest rank and best stability for grain yield of all the treatments. Grain yields of the mixtures usually fell between the yields of the respective monocrops and were often better than the weighted mean yield of the monocrops indicating that many mixtures were more effective at using resources than the monocrops. Of the mixtures, Tukwa:Noble, Tukwa:Abee:Virden and Noble:Virden had the best rankings and stability for grain yield. Test weights, kernel weights, percent thins, lodging, disease incidence and protein content of the mixtures were intermediate to those of the monocrops. Mixtures containing the two-rowed cultivar Abee had higher test weight and protein content than mixtures composed of only six-rowed cultivars. Lodging and disease ratings were lower for the mixtures composed of only six-rowed cultivars than those with Abee. In these intraspecific barley mixtures, Virden was often the most competitive cultivar while Tukwa was the least. Competitive ability was not associated with yield potential, tillering, or row-type. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., mixtures, yield, quality, stress tolerance

AC Harper six-row feed barley

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-633
Author(s):  
K. W. May
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Backcross Line ◽  
High Yield Potential

AC Harper is a six-row yellow aleurone, hulled, spring feed barley with smooth awns, suitable for the Canadian prairies. AC Harper was developed from a cross between a scald resistant backcross line of Galt and BT364, which has high grain yield and strong straw. It has a combination of high yield potential, good resistance to lodging, short straw, and resistance to scald. AC Harper has improved kernel plumpness, protein content, and kernel colour compared to the feed check, Brier.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., barley (six-row spring feed)

scholarly journals Fertilizer response of barley grain in south and central Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
L. Hall ◽  
J. DeMulder ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Available N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Barley Protein

The rate of N fertilizer application is among the most critical decisions for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain production because of its large impact on grain yield, protein content and input cost. A field study was conducted to determine the optimum rate of N fertilizer for a range of barley cultivars in south and central Alberta. Experiments were conducted at 20 sites over 3 yr (1997 to 1999). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha-1 to 10 cultivars. Grain yields were highest for the two semi-dwarf cultivars (CDC Earl and Kasota) and three of the five general-purpose cultivars (AC Harper, AC Lacombe, Leduc) (high-yielding cultivars) and least for the hulless cultivars (Falcon and Phoenix). Grain yields of the two remaining general-purpose cultivars (CDC Fleet and Seebe) and the malt cultivar (Harrington) were intermediate (medium-yielding cultivars). The economic optimum rate of N fertilizer (NFopt) for high-yielding cultivars was 14 kg N ha-1 higher than for medium-yielding cultivars and 24 kg N ha-1 higher than for hulless cultivars. Maximum grain yields for all cultivars were obtained when the ratio of available N (fertilizer + soil-derived N) to maximum grain yield exceeded ~28 kg N Mg-1. Soil-derived N was highly correlated with both pre-seeding soil NO3-N and growing season precipitation. Protein concentrations were highest for hulless cultivars and least for high-yielding cultivars, and increased linearly with increasing N availability. Barley responses to P, K, S and micronutrients were also tested in this study and showed similar responses to earlier studies. The optimum rate of N fertilizer for barley in this study was obtained when the ratio of available N (fertilizer + soil-derived N) to maximum grain yield was 25 to 30 kg N Mg-1. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, malting barley, protein

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under irrigated conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moreno ◽  
M.M. Moreno ◽  
F. Ribas ◽  
M.J. Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sowing Time

A field study was conducted from 1998 to 2000 in Ciudad Real (Spain) to analyze the productive response of thebarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop to different nitrogen-fertilizer strategies. The effect of N dose and its partitioningbetween sowing-time and top-dressing at tillering state on grain yield and yield components was evaluated, as well asthe contribution of each one of these parameters to the final yield by means of a correlation and regression study, andpath coefficient analysis. The specific climatic conditions of each growing season had a very marked effect on barleycrops, and grain yields and yield components significantly differed every year. No significant differences in yieldwere found between 100 and 150 kg N ha-1 doses, but yield was significantly reduced by applying 200 kg N ha-1. Theevolution of grain yield according to N fertilizer was properly fitted to a quadratic function, with the maximum valuecorresponding to about 120 kg N ha-1. It is not advisable to exceed this dose because this is of no benefit to the plantand implies a risk of environmental contamination. The highest yield was obtained by applying two thirds of the totalN fertilizer at seeding time, whereas a single application of N fertilizer as a top-dressing resulted in a significantreduction in barley grain yield. In these field conditions, grain yield mainly depended on the number of ears per squaremeter, being the 1000-kernel weight the most stable yield component.

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