THE EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM WILT AND WEED CONTROL ON SURVIVAL OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. MURPHY ◽  
A. R. GOTLIEB ◽  
D. T. DUGDALE
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seed production is no longer profitable for Champlain Valley farmers, partly because the plants do not grow or persist as well as they did in the past due to a Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum). This study was done to determine the effects of chemical and cultural weed control on birdsfoot trefoil seedlings in a Champlain-Valley clay soil containing Fusarium oxysporum. In a greenhouse experiment, 2,4-DB was applied to birdsfoot trefoil seedlings growing on pasteurized potting mix inoculated with F. oxysporum. When applied at label rate in the second trifoliate-leaf stage, and 14 days later, 2,4-DB increased seedling mortality additively with death due to F. oxysporum. When 2,4-DB was applied 7 days after the second trifoliate-leaf stage, it did not influence seedling survival. Applying 2,4-DB reduced dry weights of tops and roots of surviving seedlings. A field experiment was done on a clay soil (Glossaquic Hapludalf) being used for birdsfoot trefoil seed production and known to contain F. oxysporum. Raised beds were included as a variable to determine effects of improved root-zone drainage. Weeds were controlled by clipping or with 2,4-DB/dalapon postemergent herbicides in two birdsfoot trefoil seeding rates of 16.8 and 3.4 kg seed∙ha−1. The herbicides did not influence seedling death rate. By May of the second year plant populations within a seeding rate were the same, regardless of weed control practice and seedbed preparation.Key words: Dalapon, Fusarium oxysporum, Lotus corniculatus L., 2,4-DB

PRIMING AS THE FACTOR OF INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY SEED PRODUCTION OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Field Germination

A characteristic property of legumes is the formation of hard-stone seeds. To use such seeds for sowing, it is necessary to carry out measures to increase their seeding indicators. The article provides an overview of methods of pre-sowing preparation of seeds, priming (Seed Priming). The harvest of Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) can contain up to 90% or more hard-stone seeds. Mechanical priming of hard-stone seeds of Birdsfoot trefoil increases their germination energy and field germination.

Among- and within-population variability for forage yield and Fusarium resistance in birdsfoot-trefoil

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Hill Jr. ◽  
K. E. Zeiders
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Source Populations

Polycross families of birdsfoot-trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., were evaluated in the greenhouse for number of live plants 120 days after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht) Snyd. & Hans, and in the field for forage yield and stand scores. The parents of the polycross progenies came from 11 different birdsfoot-trefoil cultivars. The objective of the experiment was to determine relative importance of source population and parents within source population as sources of variability for reaction for F. oxysporum, forage yield, and stand score. Expected values for means of polycross families within source populations and for source populations were expressed in terms of parameters from a previously developed autotetraploid genetic model. All genetic effects were present in the equations, but variation among source populations would be important only if the source populations differed in gene frequencies. Source populations were the only significant source of variation for the number of live plants 120 days after inoculation with F. oxysporum and the stand score. A significant year by source population interaction was observed for total season yield. The correlation between number of live plants in the greenhouse and the stand score was significant. We concluded (i) selection of source population was important when breeding for resistance to F. oxysporum or improved stand but not for total season yield, and (ii) successful breeding for resistance to F. oxysporum would contribute to improved persistence in birdsfoot-trefoil. Key words: Lotus corniculatus L., Fusarium oxysporum, polycross progeny, selection.

scholarly journals Stand density effects on birdsfoot trefoil herbage yield grown for combined usage

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530
Author(s):  
S. Petrovic ◽  
S. Vuckovic ◽  
A. Simic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Herbage Yield

Birdsfoot trefoil grown for seed (cv. Bokor) was examined in agroecological conditions of Western Serbia during period 2007-2009. The goal was to determine herbage yield which could be achieved growing seed crop, using different interrow spacing (12.5, 25 and 50 cm) and various seeding rates (2, 4 and 8 kg ha-1). The highest hay yield was obtained in the third production year at the narrowest spacing and using the highest seeding rate (5.26 t ha-1). Total hay production during 3 years using birdsfoot trefoil seed crop for herbage yield ranged from 9.11 to 14.83 t ha-1 depending on row spacing and from 10.74 to 13.2 t ha-1 depending on seeding rate. The highest stand density (8 kg ha-1 seeding rate and 12.5 cm interrow spacing) produced the highest herbage yield of birdsfoot trefoil in the combined usage (for forage and seed production).

Improving Weed Control with 2,4-DB Amine in Seedling Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Cudney ◽  
Steve B. Orloff ◽  
Carol J. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
High Desert

2,4-DB ester had been widely used for winter annual broadleaf weed control in seedling alfalfa in the western United States, but was replaced commercially by the amine formulation in 1990. Field studies conducted in the high desert region of southern California confirmed previous reports that 2,4-DB amine is not as effective as the ester formulation. Two methods were found to improve the weed control performance of 2,4-DB amine: 1) application at earlier alfalfa growth stages and 2) the addition of adjuvant. Applications made at the three-trifoliate leaf stage of the alfalfa were more than three times as effective as applications made at the eight-trifoliate leaf stage. When adjuvants were added to the amine formulation, weed control was improved 50 to 97%.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Okubara ◽  
L. A. Harrison ◽  
E. W. Gatch ◽  
G. Vandemark ◽  
K. L. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, causal agent of spinach Fusarium wilt, is an important soilborne pathogen in many areas of the world where spinach is grown. The pathogen is persistent in acid soils of maritime western Oregon and Washington, the only region of the United States suitable for commercial spinach seed production. A TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for rapid identification and quantification of the pathogen, based on sequencing the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of rDNA of isolates of the pathogen. A guanine single-nucleotide polymorphism (G SNP) was detected in the IGS sequences of 36 geographically diverse isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae but not in the sequences of 64 isolates representing other formae speciales and 33 isolates representing other fungal species or genera. The SNP was used to develop a probe for a real-time PCR assay. The real-time PCR assay detected F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae at 3–14,056 CFU/g of soil in 82 soil samples collected over 3 years from naturally infested spinach seed production sites in western Washington, although a reliable detection limit of the assay was determined to be 11 CFU/g of soil. A significant (P < 0.05), positive correlation between enumeration of F. oxysporum on Komada's agar and quantification of the pathogen using the TaqMan assay was observed in a comparison of 82 soil samples. Correlations between pathogen DNA levels, Fusarium wilt severity ratings, and spinach biomass were significantly positive for one set of naturally infested soils but not between pathogen DNA levels, wilt incidence ratings, and spinach biomass for other soil samples, suggesting that soilborne pathogen population is not the sole determinant of spinach Fusarium wilt incidence or severity. The presence of the G SNP detected in one isolate of each of F. oxysporum ff. spp. lageneriae, lilii, melongenae, and raphani and reaction of the real-time PCR assay with 16 of 22 nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum associated with spinach plants or soil in which spinach had been grown potentially limits the application of this assay. Nonetheless, because all isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae tested positive with the real-time PCR assay, the assay may provide a valuable means of screening for resistance to Fusarium wilt by quantifying development of the pathogen in spinach plants inoculated with the pathogen.

Placement of EPTC-Fertilizer when Seeding Birdsfoot Trefoil

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
D. L. Linscott ◽  
R. D. Hagin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Annual Grasses

While establishing birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., var. Viking), the following weed control treatments were compared for effectiveness: (A) ethyl N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) impregnated on granular fertilizer and applied through the placement assembly of a grain drill during planting; (B) EPTC applied as a spray before planting and incorporated by multiple disking; (C) a combination of treatments A and B. All treatments involving EPTC controlled annual grasses. Where perennial grasses and sedges were abundant, treatment C was more effective than the others. All three methods resulted satisfactory birdsfoot trefoil establishment.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Birdsfood Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Seed Production

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Linscott ◽  
Richard Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Between 1982 and 1986, spring treatments of haloxyfop, fluazifop, and sethoxydim all applied at 400 g ai/ha alone and combined with dalapon at 3400 g ai/ha were evaluated for quackgrass control and subsequent effect on established birdsfoot trefoil seed production. Haloxyfop alone and combined with dalapon were superior to fluazifop or sethoxydim alone or mixed with dalapon for controlling quackgrass and other grass weeds. Birdsfoot trefoil seed yield averages over 3 yr were 310, 160, 150, and 180 kg/ha after treatment with haloxyfop, fluazifop, sethoxydim, and dalapon, respectively, compared to a control yield of 80 kg/ha. Yields were lower, 220 kg/ha, with combinations involving haloxyfop plus dalapon compared to haloxyfop alone.

scholarly journals USE OF SIMAZINE AS A PREVENTATIVE WEED CONTROL HERBICIDE FOR BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Winch ◽  
G. W. Anderson ◽  
G. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Original Application ◽  
Annual Application

Simazine at 0.8, 1.1, 1.6 and 2.2 kg/ha (active) was applied in October of each of three years to an established stand of Empire birdsfoot trefoil infested with grass. These rates were used alone and with an original application of each of 1.1 kg/ha paraquat and a mixture of 3.4 kg/ha dalapon + 1.1 kg/ha 2,4-DB (active). In addition, 1.1 kg/ha simazine (active) was applied in October to a new sowing of Empire birdsfoot trefoil. This rate was used alone and where each of 4.5 kg/ha dalapon, 1.1 kg/ha 2,4-DB or their mixture had been applied at the third true leaf stage of trefoil development earlier in the establishment year. The purpose of these trials was to determine the effect of simazine on the yield of birdsfoot trefoil and on the control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Simazine at 0.8, and 1.1 kg/ha applied in the fall of each year had no deleterious effects upon the yield of Empire trefoil. At the 1.6- and 2.2-kg/ha rate, a reduction in yield did occur after the second, but did not occur after the third, annual application of simazine.Although the grass proportion in old stands of trefoil was reduced to 10% or less by initial application of 1.1, 1.6 and 2.2 kg/ha of simazine, an increase up to the 30% level occurred after the second application at the 1.1- and 1.6-kg/ha rates. This grass proportion was maintained by a further application at these rates. Only the 2.2-kg/ha rate of simazine maintained the grass proportion below 10% of the yield. The original reduction in the proportion of grass was improved and subsequently maintained at a level of 25% or below where simazine was used at any rate in conjunction with an initial application of a mixture of dalapon and 2,4-DB. Combination of paraquat and simazine resulted in a trefoil stand reduction and low trefoil yields.A preventative weed control system using simazine is discussed. The program involves the initial use of a mixture of 3.4 kg dalapon and 1.1 kg 2,4-DB per hectare on new seedlings or on established stands. This is followed by an annual October application of 0.8 to 1.1 kg/ha (active) simazine.

Economics of integrated weed management in herbicide-resistant canola

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat M. Upadhyay ◽  
Elwin G. Smith ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Weed Removal

Integrated weed management (IWM) decision strategies in herbicide-resistant canola-production systems were assessed for net returns and relative risk. Data from two field experiments conducted during 1998 to 2000 at two locations in Alberta, Canada, were evaluated. A herbicide-based experiment included combinations of herbicide system (glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and imazethapyr-resistant canola varieties), herbicide rate (50 and 100% of recommended dose), and time of weed removal (two-, four-, and six-leaf stages of canola). A seed-based experiment included canola variety (hybrid and open-pollinated), seeding rate (100, 150, and 200 seeds m−2), and time of weed removal (two-, four-, and six-leaf stages of canola). For the herbicide-based experiment, strategies with glyphosate were profitable at Lacombe, but both imazethapyr and glyphosate strategies were profitable at Lethbridge. Weed control at the four-leaf stage was at least as profitable as the two-leaf stage at both sites. For the seed-based experiment, the hybrid was more profitable than the open-pollinated cultivar, seed rates of 100 and 150 seeds m−2were more profitable than 200 seeds m−2, and weed control at the two- and four-leaf stages was more profitable than at the six-leaf stage. When risk of returns and statistical significance was considered, several strategies were included in the risk-efficient set for risk-averse and risk-neutral attitudes at each location. However, the glyphosate-resistant cultivar, the 50% herbicide rate, and weed control at four-leaf stage were more frequent in the risk-efficient IWM strategy set. The open-pollinated cultivar, 200 seeds m−2rate, and weed control at the six-leaf stage were less frequent in the set. The risk-efficient sets of IWM strategies were consistent across a range of canola prices.

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