TOLERANCE OF SPRING BARLEY TO TRIFLURALIN DEEP-INCORPORATED IN THE FALL OR SPRING

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
D. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Delayed Growth ◽  
Fall Application

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to investigate the tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’) seeded 5 cm deep in a Ponoka loam soil treated with trifluralin. There were eight rates of application from 0 to 3 kg/ha applied in fall and spring and incorporated by means of a rototiller set to till to a depth of 10 cm. All data were analyzed by regression. Gas chromatographic analysis of extracts of soil samples collected in the spring following fall application of trifluralin (0.0–3.0 kg/ha) indicated that approximately 45% of the herbicide was lost regardless of rate applied. Fall application of trifluralin up to 3 kg/ha and spring application up to 1.1 kg/ha did not adversely affect the numbers of barley seedlings that emerged. Trifluralin treatments within the rate range 0.85–1.4 kg/ha caused severe early injury (delayed growth) to barley, the magnitude of which varied with the season and year of application. Fall application caused less injury than the respective spring application during both years. With fall or spring applications up to 1.3 kg/ha or 1.0 kg/ha, respectively, barley yields were not reduced compared to the untreated control. With fall application at 1.4 kg/ha barley yield was reduced in one of the two years. Rates in excess of 1.8 kg/ha caused significant yield reductions with all treatments. The data indicate that trifluralin could be used as a deep-incorporated fall or spring treatment at rates up to 1.3 or 1.0 kg/ha, respectively for weed control in barley in central Alberta. Fall application would improve the safety to the crop. Barley could also be seeded into soil where trifluralin (1.4 kg/ha) was applied as a fall treatment for weed control in rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L.), but some loss of yield could be expected.Key words: Trifluralin rate, soil incorporation, barley, tolerance

DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES FOR GRASSY WEED CONTROL IN RAPESEED

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Five substituted dinitroaniline herbicides applied as preplanting soil incorporation treatments were evaluated in six field experiments in 1971, 1973, and 1974 for controlling green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.), and for tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). In these experiments, A-820 (N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroapiline) had the least activity, while dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) had the greatest activity, and in some tests injured germinating rapeseed, resulting in thinned stands and reduced yield. The activity of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoro-methyl) aniline] and profluralin [N(cyclopropyl-methyl)-α,α,α-trifluro-2, 6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] was slightly weaker than that of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). All these herbicides gave good control of green foxtail and wild oats. In 1971, due to low populations of green foxtail, good weed control did not give rapeseed yield increases. In 1973, under normal climatic conditions, rapeseed yields were increased significantly when the application of dinitramine, fluchloralin, profluralin, and trifluralin controlled green foxtail and wild oats successfully. In 1974, under drought conditions, good weed control from four dinitroanilines and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] was not reflected in significant yield increases although profluralin gave a significant yield increase in one test. Disc soil incorporation (7.5–10 cm deep) of dinitramine and trifluralin gave slightly better weed control and higher, though not significant, yield increases than harrow soil incorporation (2.5–5 cm deep).

Herbicide-tolerant canola: weed control and yield comparisons in western Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Harker ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
D. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Seed Yields

Field experiments were conducted at five western Canadian locations in 1996 and 1997 to compare weed control and canola (Brassica napus L.) seed yields in the three major her-bicide-tolerant canola (HTC) systems. The main objective of this study was to determine if significant weed control and yield advantages could be expected by using herbicides "designated" for HTC compared to a more "standard" application of sethoxydim plus ethametsulfuron. In 3 of 10 site-years, glyphosate in Quest canola and imazethapyr/imazamox in 45A71 canola provided a yield advantage over the standard treatment. The yield advantages were restricted to the Lacombe and Lethbridge sites and ranged from 13 to 39% increases over the sethoxydim plus ethametsulfuron treatments. Among the HTC, weed control was usually greatest with glyphosate, followed by imazethapyr/imazamox, and then glufosinate. Glufosinate efficacy was often restricted due to advanced growth stages on some weeds. The standard treatment of sethoxydim plus ethametsulfuron did not provide better weed control than glyphosate, but in some cases did improve weed control compared to imazethapyr/imazamox or glufosinate. The HTC provide growers with new opportunities for the control of difficult weeds along with the option to employ in-crop herbicides with new modes of action in canola. Key words: Weed management, transgenic canola

scholarly journals Too much fertilizer? An observational association between inputs at planting and crop yield on a Saskatchewan farming operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Tyler Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Grain yield and its variability is a major driver of seeding rate and inorganic fertilizer use at planting among grain growers. Recommended rates for fertilizer application with regard to crop utilization and soil management are discretionary and vary between producer and agronomist. This observational case study with Bayesian inference examines the association between application rates of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium chloride and sulphur at planting, and yield of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), large green lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.), canola (Brassica napus L.), canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Using precision agriculture, input and crop yield information for each parcel of cultivated land was collected over a 4 yr period from 2015 to 2018 on a continuous no-till farming operation in the semiarid region of Saskatchewan, Canada. Hierarchical models were derived that accounted for yield variability in crop types due to the random effects of field, cultivar, crop planted in previous year, planting year, combine machine, observation location within field, and elevation. Evidence from this longitudinal study suggests that seed-placed fertilizer above the recommended safe rate can be associated with yield decline on farming operations in the semiarid environment of Saskatchewan, Canada.

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF FLAX GROWN ON CANOLA, BARLEY AND FLAX STUBBLE WITH AND WITHOUT TILLAGE PRIOR TO SEEDING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of mature crop residues and volunteer seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) on the growth and yield of subsequent flax crops seeded after conventional tillage. A second set of field experiments was also conducted which included both flax and barley as test crops on canola and barley stubble and included an additional comparison between conventional tillage and no tillage. Flax yields were generally lower on canola and flax stubble than on barley stubble with conventional tillage before seeding. Averaged over 6 yr the reduction was 9% on canola stubble. With no tillage prior to seeding, flax yielded as well on canola as on barley stubble. Spring volunteer seedlings of canola and flax often reduced flax yields but fall volunteer growth had no marked effect. Barley yielded better on canola than on its own stubble, and tended to yield better with tillage prior to seeding than without.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., crop residues, phytotoxins, tillage practices

scholarly journals Dynamics of the nitrogen uptake by spring barley at injection application of nitrogen fertilizers  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sedlář ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
L. Peklová ◽  
K. Kubešová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Influence of CULTAN system (controlled uptake long term ammonium nutrition) on the nitrogen uptake by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was observed at 5-year small-plot field experiments under conditions of the Czech Republic (central Europe). Nitrogen uptake by CULTAN-fertilized plants was more even during vegetation period probably due to delayed term of fertilizer application. Nitrogen concentration in the aboveground biomass at BBCH 51 and in straw had no effect on grain yield. Post-heading nitrogen uptake as well as contribution of nitrogen translocation to total nitrogen in grain did not differ among both nitrogen fertilization treatments. Increase in grain size of spring barley by the CULTAN system can be explained by tendency to lower number of ears per area rather than by prolonged nitrogen uptake from soil. Lower protein content in grain of CULTAN-fertilized spring barley can be caused by increase in grain retained on a 2.5 mm sieve and also decrease in total nitrogen concentration in above-ground biomass at BBCH 51. No significant effect of CULTAN treatment on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency was recorded. Significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency at CULTAN treatment could be explained by lower grain protein content compared to conventional treatment.

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. C. Essah ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spike Number

There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in all six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m–2 was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late, tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. Key words: Barley, phenotypes; mixture, same row; mixture, alternate-row; maturity; height

The effect of time and rate of N application on the yield and N uptake of wheat, barley, flax and four cultivars of rapeseed

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Nuttall ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Application ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted for 3 yr on a Black Chernozemic soil at Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the yield response and N uptake of seven crop/cultivars to autumn and spring applied N. The crop/cultivars were, rapeseed (Brassica napus L. 'Midas' and 'Target'; Brassica campestris L. 'Torch' and 'Echo'); wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Manitou'); barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Conquest') and flax (Linum usitatissimum L. 'Noralta') (main plots). Ammonium nitrate fertilizer treatments consisted of three rates of autumn broadcast N, 0, 34 and 67 kg N ha−1 (subplots), combined with N at 0, 11, 22, 45, 67 and 134 kg N ha−1 side-banded with seed in the spring (subsubplots). At the 67 kg N ha−1 rate, autumn application was inferior to spring application in increasing grain yield and N uptake for three of the seven crops (Torch and Echo rapeseed and Manitou wheat). Nitrogen fertilizer applied at 134 kg N ha−1 in spring produced grain yields that were not significantly higher than the split application of 67 kg N ha−1 applied in autumn and 67 kg N ha−1 applied in spring. All crops responded to spring applied N and continued to increase in yield up to the high rates of 67 or 134 kg N ha−1. Key words: Time of N application, N, crops, cultivars

scholarly journals Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Karron ◽  
Eve Runno-Paurson ◽  
Heino Lõiveke ◽  
Bulat Islamov ◽  
Mary-Liis Kütt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Main Factor

Fungicides are widely used to reduce Fusarium infections and grain contamination by mycotoxins and increase the yield in cereals, but the efficacy of fungicide treatments in varying climates has not been systematically explored. Field experiments with Estonian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. ‘Maali’ were carried out in three successive years 2012–2014 with strongly varying weather conditions to study the effects of three fungicides, Folicur (active ingredient tebuconazole), Falcon Forte (prothioconazole, tebuconazole, spiroxamine) and Archer Top (fenpropidin, propiconazole), on the yield, incidence of Fusarium spp. and on the contamination of grain with mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2. The fungicides were sprayed once a year at spring barley flowering time. The weather conditions during the three years of study were extremely different. The content of cycotoxin DON, HT2 and T2 was low. The spraying with fungicides had not a clear effect on the barley yield and 1 000 kernel weight, and the study year was primarily the main factor that affected barley yield (p<0.05) and 1 000 kernel weight (p<0.05). The impact of year together with fungicide treatment had a significant effect on the incidence of Fusarium spp. (p<0.05) and on the incidence of mycotoxin DON in barley kernels (p<0.001), but did not have a clear effect on the incidence of mycotoxins HT2 and T2.

Effect of Isoxaben Application Rate and Timing on Residual Broadleaf Weed Control in Turf

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Chandran ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
S. Wayne Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Virginia Beach ◽  
Fall Application

Duration and spectrum of preemergence (PRE) weed control following isoxaben application at 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ai/ha in spring, fall, or spring plus fall (double) application were evaluated by field experiments. Residual activity of isoxaben was assessed by monitoring weed counts at two locations for 12 mo after treatment (MAT). Buckhorn plantain and dandelion control from spring-applied isoxaben at 1.12 kg/ha was > 90% at 4 MAT in Blacksburg but dropped to < 51% at 12 MAT. Isoxaben at 1.12 kg/ha applied in fall provided ≥ 90% control of buckhorn plantain for 8–9 MAT, with control ranging from 69 to 91% at approximately 12 MAT. Dandelion control with fall-applied isoxaben at 1.12 kg/ha ranged from 60 to 75%, 8–9 MAT. Fall application of 1.12 kg/ ha isoxaben at Virginia Beach controlled henbit and cornspeedwell for 2–3 MAT. Multiple applications of isoxaben improved weed control at Virginia Beach, but results were inconclusive at Blacksburg. In comparison, oxadiazon controlled white sweet clover and dandelion for 1 MAT following spring application in Blacksburg, but < 65% broadleaf control was observed at 4 MAT. Broadleaf weed control following single application of oxadiazon at 3.36 kg/ha was < 60% at 9 MAT Poor weed control resulted from spring applications of isoxaben and oxadiazon when a 25-cm precipitation occurred within 2 wk after application in one study.

Decision Support System for Optimized Herbicide Dose in Spring Barley

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette S⊘nderskov ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg K. Mathiassen ◽  
Ole M. B⊘jer ◽  
Per Rydahl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Support System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Treatment Frequency

Crop Protection Online (CPO) is a decision support system, which integrates decision algorithms quantifying the requirement for weed control and a herbicide dose model. CPO was designed to be used by advisors and farmers to optimize the choice of herbicide and dose. The recommendations from CPO for herbicide application in spring barley in Denmark were validated through field experiments targeting three levels of weed control requirement. Satisfactory weed control levels at harvest were achieved by a medium control level requirement generating substantial herbicide reductions (∼ 60% measured as the Treatment Frequency Index (TFI)) compared to a high level of required weed control. The observations indicated that the current level of weed control required is robust for a range of weed scenarios. Weed plant numbers 3 wk after spraying indicated that the growth of the weed species were inhibited by the applied doses, but not necessarily killed, and that an adequate level of control was reached later in the season through crop competition.

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