scholarly journals COMPOSITION, INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF TIMOTHY AND ITALIAN AND WESTERWOLDS RYEGRASS SILAGES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NARASIMHALU ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and Italian and Westerwolds ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were harvested as first-cut wilted silages in 1979 and 1980 and were compared on the basis of composition, intake and digestibility. Timothy silage had more cell wall content and was less digestible than the annual ryegrass silages in both years (P < 0.05). Seeding year timothy was consumed less than Aubade ryegrass in 1979 but the postseeding year timothy silage was equal in intake to 1980 Aubade silage but inferior to Italian ryegrass in digestible protein content and also intake (P < 0.05). Leafier Italian and Promenade ryegrasses were consumed more than the stemmy Aubade ryegrass (P < 0.05). Annual ryegrasses were not significantly different in their composition during 1979 but in 1980, Italian ryegrass contained less cell wall and was more digestible than Aubade ryegrass silage (P < 0.05). Prolonged field wilting in humid weather appeared to be more detrimental to the stemmy Aubade for intake and feed value than to the leafier Promenade and Italian ryegrasses. Seeding year timothy silage had lower feed value than the postseed year timothy silage.Key words: Silage, timothy, annual ryegrass, intake, digestibility, composition

The yield of legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover on the Non-Chernozem drained lands

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
А.Д. Капсамун ◽  
Е.Н. Павлючик ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Изучение урожайности трёхкомпонентных бобово-злаковых травосмесей с различными сортами клевера лугового проводилось в Тверской области на опытном поле ВНИИ мелиорированных земель в 2018–2020 годах. Опыт заложен в 2018 году на осушаемой дерново-подзолистой почве. Изучались следующие сорта многолетних трав: клевер луговой (Trifolium pratense L.) Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86; люцерна изменчивая (× Medicago varia Mart.) Вега 87; тимофеевка луговая (Phleum pratense L.) ВИК 9 и овсяница луговая (Festuca pratensis L.) Сахаровская. В 2020 году наиболее высокими темпами роста обладали травостои второго года пользования с ранними сортами клевера лугового Кретуновский и Грин в смеси с тимофеевкой луговой сорта ВИК 9 — 67–70 см при густоте стеблестоя 495–852 шт./м2. Наиболее продуктивными на осушаемых землях показали себя смешанные травостои люцерны изменчивой, клевера лугового и тимофеевки луговой. Трёхкомпонентные агрофитоценозы укосного типа на основе сортов клевера лугового Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86, люцерны изменчивой и тимофеевки луговой сформировали урожай кормовой массы 35–39,7 т/га. Травосмесь тимофеевки луговой с раннеспелым сортом клевера Шанс сформировала два укоса с выходом сухой массы 9,5 т/га, овсяницы луговой — 9,0 т/га. Отмечено хорошее качество полученной растительной массы: содержание переваримого протеина составило 18,9–19,5 г/кг при энергетической питательности 1,09–1,26. В растительной массе травосмесей с овсяницей луговой содержание переваримого протеина было выше, чем в смесях с тимофеевкой луговой, на 1,1 г/кг корма в первом и на 2,41 г/кг корма во втором укосе. По содержанию кормовых единиц в 1 кг корма питательность кормовой массы в зависимости от состава исследуемых смесей была равноценна — 0,23–0,24. The investigation took place in the Tver region on the trial field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands in 2018–2020. The research tested the yield of trinary legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover. The field trial was carried out on the drained sod-podzolic soil in 2018. The following perennial grasses were studied: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”; bastard alfalfa (× Medicago varia Mart.) “Vega 87”; common timothy (Phleum pratense L.) “VIK 9”; and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) “Sakharovskaya”. Growth rates were the highest in the mixtures with short-season red clover varieties “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, and common timothy. In 2020, these variants reached height of 67–70 cm and density of 495–852 plants per m2 in the second year. Trinary ecosystems to be cut with bastard alfalfa, red clover “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”, and common timothy provided the maximum yield on the drained lands — 35–39.7 t ha-1. The mixture of common timothy with short-season red clover “Shans” formed 9.5 t ha-1 of dry mass per two cuts, meadow fescue — 9.0 t ha-1. The feed mass showed high quality: digestible protein content was 18.9–19.5 g/kg, energy nutrition was 1.09–1.26. Mixtures with meadow fescue exceeded the ones with common timothy in digestible protein content by 1.1 g/kg in the first cut and by 2.41 g/kg — in the second one. Different variants showed almost no variation in feed units per 1 kg of forage — 0.23–0.24.

scholarly journals Tree Fern Cyathea lepifera May Survive by Its Phytotoxic Property

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Ida ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
Toshiaki Teruya ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Cyatheaceae (tree ferns) appeared during the Jurassic period and some of the species still remain. Those species may have some morphological and/or physiological characteristics for survival. A tree fern was observed to suppress the growth of other ligneous plants in a tropical forest. It was assumed that the fern may release toxic substances into the forest floor, but those toxic substances have not yet been identified. Therefore, we investigated the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of Cyathea lepifera (J. Sm. ex Hook.) Copel. An aqueous methanol extract of C. lepifera fronds inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of dicotyledonous garden cress (Lepidum sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and monocotyledonous ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.). The results suggest that C. lepifera fronds may have phytotoxicity and contain some phytotoxic substances. The extract was purified through several chromatographic steps during which inhibitory activity was monitored, and p-coumaric acid and (-)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone were isolated. Those compounds showed phytotoxic activity and may contribute to the phytotoxic effects caused by the C. lepifera fronds. The fronds fall and accumulate on the forest floor through defoliation, and the compounds may be released into the forest soils through the decomposition process of the fronds. The phytotoxic activities of the compounds may be partly responsible for the fern’s survival.

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy grown with varying N nutrition in spring and summer

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Nitrogen fertilization is known to have a limited effect on the digestibility of grasses. In a previous paper, however, we reported that N deficiency increased the proportion of leaves in the shoot biomass, and hence, indirectly increased the digestibility of timothy (Phleum pratense L). This was mitigated by the direct negative effect of N deficiency on the digestibility of leaves or stems or both early in the regrowth. The objective of this study was to determine the direct effect of N deficiency on three parameters of nutritive value of leaves and stems of timothy cv. Champ. The evolution of leaf and stem in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration of field-grown timothy fertilized with four rates of N was studied during a spring and summer regrowth cycle by sampling at weekly intervals. The rate of decline in leaf nutritive value in spring was greater than that in summer, and was less than the rate of decline in stem nutritive value during spring. Nitrogen deficiency consistently increased the NDF concentration of leaves but had a lesser effect on the NDF concentration of stems. Nitrogen deficiency decreased leaf IVCWD when the leaf-to-weight ratio (LWR) was high early in the spring and summer regrowth cycles. At the end of regrowth when LWR values were low, leaf IVCWD was greatest when no N was applied. As a result, the negative effect of N deficiency on the leaf IVTD during the early part of the spring and summer regrowth cycles diminished as the regrowth cycles progressed. Nitrogen deficiency had a limited effect on stem IVCWD. We concluded that the direct negative effect of N deficiency on the digestibility of the timothy shoot biomass can be attributed primarily to its effect on the NDF concentration and cell wall digestibility of leaves. Key words: Phleum pratense L., grasses, digestibility, cell wall, nitrogen

EFFET DE L’APPLICATION D’AZOTE ET DU STADE DE CROISSANCE A LA RECOLTE SUR LA PERFORMANCE DE LA FLEOLE DES PRES (PHLEUM PRATENSE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

An experiment was set up to determine the effect of time and rate of nitrogen fertilization and stage of growth at first cut on yield and digestibility of dry matter and protein content of two timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, at each of two cuts, No difference in yield or chemical composition was found between cultivars. Highest yields and crude protein contents were measured at rates of nitrogen fertilizer of 112 and 224 kg/ha. Higher yield and protein content were obtained with NH4NO3 applied totally or in split applications in the spring than with urea in the fall. Dry matter digestibility (DDM) was not affected by nitrogen at rates of 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha. First cut was taken at two different stages of growth, and the second cut was taken on the same day in all the plots. At anthesis, yields were higher than at the head stage but DDM and protein content were lower. The opposite was found at the second cut. Except in 1973, total dry matter yield was not affected by the stage of growth at first cut.

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy genotypes under varying N fertilization

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
A. Brégard ◽  
R. Michaud ◽  
G. F. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Populations and half-sib families of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), contrasting in forage N concentration, were studied in two experiments conducted in growth rooms with varying N applications. They differed in leaf and stem in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of DM and in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and in stem neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration; this confirms the presence of genetic variability for leaf and stem nutritive value in timothy under both limiting and non-limiting N conditions. Key words: Digestibility, grasses, Phleum pratense, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber

THE EFFECTS OF ADVANCING MATURITY ON CRUDE PROTEIN AND DIGESTIBILITY OF MEADOW FOXTAIL (Alopecurus pratensis) AND TIMOTHY (Phleum pratense)

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
GWEN WALDIE ◽  
S. B. M. WRIGHT ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The crude protein content (CP %) and in vivo digestibilities of dry matter (DMD %) and protein (PD %) were determined on freshly cut monocultures of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) from 19 June to 23 Aug. at Prince George, British Columbia. CP, DMD and PD declined significantly with advancing maturity for both grasses.Key words: Meadow foxtail, timothy, protein, digestibility

Economics of backgrounding calves on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures in the Aspen Parkland

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost

Annual ryegrass or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) can be used to improve pasture productivity through extension of the grazing season in the Aspen parkland of western Canada. A study conducted at Agriculture and Agri Food Canada Melfort, SK. and Lacombe, AB, showed that weaned calves could successfully graze Italian ryegrass late into the fall as part of the overall backgrounding system. Spring-seeded annual Italian ryegrass produced between 4300 and 6700 kg total dry matter per hectare across all sites and had an average crude protein content of 184 g kg-1 and in vitro DM digestibility of 640 g kg-1. Spring calves were early weaned in late August or conventionally weaned in October and backgrounded on Italian ryegrass pasture or a silage-based ration in drylot pens. The cost of growing Italian ryegrass was $339 ha-1 resulting in a grazing cost per day of $0.31–$0.68 depending upon the number of grazing days per ha. There were no differences in performance of animals backgrounded on Italian ryegrass pasture compared with those backgrounded in the feedlot. The total cost per head for backgrounding early-weaned calves on Italian ryegrass and finished in a feedlot was $398 compared with $429 for early-weaned calves backgrounded and finished in a feedlot, while conventionally weaned calves backgrounded and finished in a feedlot cost $418. Backgrounding calves on Italian ryegrass pasture reduced the number of days in the feedlot along with the associated cost of yardage and stored feed. Backgrounding calves in a feedlot had a yardage charge of $0.40 or higher, which added a cost in addition to stored feed costs of the ration. Backgrounding calves on extended season grazing of Italian ryegrass reduced health problems due to elimination of mixing animals in feedlot pens, less need for stored feed including storage and feeding losses and less labour to feed the cattle and haul manure in the spring. Backgrounding calves on high-quality fall pasture was more economical than backgrounding in a feedlot system. Key words: Background, steer, pasture, economics

Studies on Lolium Multiflorum Endosperm in Tissue Culture III. Structural Studies on the Cell Walls

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L Anderson ◽  
BA Stone
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Successive Extraction

Cell wall preparations from ryegrass endosperm cells grown in tissue culture contain polysaccharides composed of glucose, xylose, arabinose and galactose residues. The protein content is very low. The cell wa.ll preparations have been fractionated by successive extraction with water at 40�C, 8 M urea, O�5 M KOH, 4�27 M KOH and 6 M NaOH-O' 81 M H3B03 ? The polysaccharides in the fractions were identified by monosaccharide and methylation analysis, supplemented by the use of a specific fi-glucan hydrolase. The results indicate that the three' main types of polysaccharide present are 1,3: 1,4-fi-glucan, arabinoxylan and/or galacto-arabinoxylan and cellulose.

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