Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy genotypes under varying N fertilization

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
A. Brégard ◽  
R. Michaud ◽  
G. F. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Populations and half-sib families of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), contrasting in forage N concentration, were studied in two experiments conducted in growth rooms with varying N applications. They differed in leaf and stem in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of DM and in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and in stem neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration; this confirms the presence of genetic variability for leaf and stem nutritive value in timothy under both limiting and non-limiting N conditions. Key words: Digestibility, grasses, Phleum pratense, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy cultivars differing in maturity

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The nutritive value of herbage is a function of the nutritive value of its component leaves and stems and their proportion in the herbage. A previous study indicated that the proportion of leaves in the herbage did not explain entirely the differences in in vitro true digestibility and NDF concentrations between early and late-maturing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars. It was therefore hypothesized that the leaves and stems of early and late-maturing cultivars differ in nutritive value. The evolution of leaf and stem nutritive value of field-grown timothy cultivars differing in maturity, and the relationships between parameters of leaf and stem nutritive value, and the leaf to weight ratio (LWR) were studied during primary growth in two experiments. On a given date, stems of early-maturing cultivars had in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall up to 61 g kg−1 DM and 71 g kg−1 DM lower that those of late-maturing cultivars, respectively. The NDF concentration of stems of early-maturing cultivars was up to 32 g kg−1 DM greater than that of late-maturing cultivars. There were no cultivar differences in leaf in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall, and NDF concentration on a given date. At a given LWR, however, the leaves and stems of early-maturing cultivars had greater in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall, and a lower NDF concentration than those of late-maturing cultivars. Our results indicate that differences in herbage nutritive value at a given stage of maturity between early- and late-maturing timothy cultivars is explained by a greater nutritive value of leaves and stems of the early-maturing cultivars. Key words: Phleum pratense L., timothy, cultivar, digestibility, cell wall, leaf, stem

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy grown with varying N nutrition in spring and summer

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Nitrogen fertilization is known to have a limited effect on the digestibility of grasses. In a previous paper, however, we reported that N deficiency increased the proportion of leaves in the shoot biomass, and hence, indirectly increased the digestibility of timothy (Phleum pratense L). This was mitigated by the direct negative effect of N deficiency on the digestibility of leaves or stems or both early in the regrowth. The objective of this study was to determine the direct effect of N deficiency on three parameters of nutritive value of leaves and stems of timothy cv. Champ. The evolution of leaf and stem in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration of field-grown timothy fertilized with four rates of N was studied during a spring and summer regrowth cycle by sampling at weekly intervals. The rate of decline in leaf nutritive value in spring was greater than that in summer, and was less than the rate of decline in stem nutritive value during spring. Nitrogen deficiency consistently increased the NDF concentration of leaves but had a lesser effect on the NDF concentration of stems. Nitrogen deficiency decreased leaf IVCWD when the leaf-to-weight ratio (LWR) was high early in the spring and summer regrowth cycles. At the end of regrowth when LWR values were low, leaf IVCWD was greatest when no N was applied. As a result, the negative effect of N deficiency on the leaf IVTD during the early part of the spring and summer regrowth cycles diminished as the regrowth cycles progressed. Nitrogen deficiency had a limited effect on stem IVCWD. We concluded that the direct negative effect of N deficiency on the digestibility of the timothy shoot biomass can be attributed primarily to its effect on the NDF concentration and cell wall digestibility of leaves. Key words: Phleum pratense L., grasses, digestibility, cell wall, nitrogen

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy cultivars of different maturity at an irrigated site in southwestern Saskatchewan

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Or Modelling

Leaf and stem structural components contribute to variation in nutritive value among timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars. Modelling timothy growth and nutritive value requires a better understanding of this variation. A trial of 11 timothy cultivars was conducted on irrigation at Swift Current, Saskatchewan from 1995 to 1997. Leaf:stem ratio, forage yield, days to maturity, N, P, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations, N/P ratio and P uptake of leaf and stem components were determined for spring growth forage. Two N fertilizer rates (100 and 150 kg N ha-1) did not consistently affect leaf and stem nutritive value. Cultivars differed in maturity, stem P, stem N, stem NDF, leaf NDF and leaf ADF in all 3 yr. Days to maturity was correlated to stem P concentration (r = 0.59, P < 0.05, to 0.77, P < 0.01) and leaf ADF concentration (r = 0.59, P < 0.05, to 0.82, P < 0.01) in all 3 yr but not to stem NDF concentration. Days to maturity was correlated to stem N concentration and leaf NDF concentration in 1995 and 1997 but not in 1996. However, days to maturity did not explain the observed variation among cultivars for stem NDF concentration and several other variables. While maturity differences among timothy cultivars must be taken into account when selecting for improved nutritive value or modelling growth and quality, additional variation for these traits was evident. Key words: Forage quality, Phleum pratense L., maturity, forage yield

Delayed harvest affects mineral and NDF concentrations, and digestibility of timothy

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pelletier ◽  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
P. Seguin ◽  
R. Drapeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Harvest Delay ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

A 1-wk delay after late heading in the harvest of timothy spring growth reduced dietary cation-anion difference (-17%), in vitro digestibilities of dry matter (-7%) and neutral detergent fiber (-10%), and increased neutral detergent fiber concentration (+5%). In summer regrowth, the harvest delay tended to have similar effects, but variations (1-6%) were smaller. Key words: Nutritive value, stages of development, Phleum pratense L., metabolic disorders

scholarly journals Partitioning of Forage Mass and Nutritive Value in Sunn Hemp Leaf and Stem Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Isaac Lepcha ◽  
Harley D. Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Sunn hemp (SH; Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, annual, warm-season tropical legume that could complement less productive cool-season forages such as tall fescue during summer. Little is known about seasonal forage mass and nutritive value partitioning in SH plant components when SH is managed for forage. We determined partitioning of forage mass and nutritive value (crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD)) concentrations in SH leaves and stems harvested 35, 45, and 55 days after planting (DAP) at Bradford Research Center, Columbia, MO, in a 2-year field study. Leaf and stem mass increased with increasing DAP and was greatest ( P ≤ 0.05 ) at 55 DAP followed by 45 and 35 DAP. Stems contributed most to the total forage mass beyond 45 DAP. Across years, CP was greatest ( P ≤ 0.05 ) in leaves (281 g kg−1 DM) and lowest for stems (81 g kg−1 DM) at 55 DAP. The lowest NDF ( P ≤ 0.05 ) was observed in leaves (251 g kg−1 DM) and stems (585 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Acid detergent fiber was lowest ( P ≤ 0.05 ) for SH leaves (178 g kg−1 DM) and stems (484 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Digestibility of leaves was greater than that of stems and generally decreased with maturity. The nutritive value of leaves was consistently greater than that of stems and decreased with maturity, except for CP of leaves, which was maintained throughout the season. Results suggested that SH leaves can maintain forage mass and greater quality than its stem throughout the growing season.

Digestibility and cell wall concentration of early- and late-maturing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Ear emergence or heading of early- and late-maturing cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in the spring varies by as much as 3 wk. Two field experiments were conducted to describe the evolution of digestibility and cell-wall concentration of early- and late-maturing timothy cultivars during primary growth and to analyze the relationship between parameters of nutritive value and the leaf blade to biomass weight ratio (LWR). Compared with late-maturing cultivars of timothy on a given date, early-maturing cultivars had lower in vitro true digestibilities of DM and cell wall and a greater NDF concentration. Differences in in vitro true DM digestibility and NDF concentration between early- and late-maturing cultivars were not only related to the proportion of leaf blades in the biomass. Different parameters are, therefore, required to describe the mathematical relationships between digestibility and NDF concentration and LWR of early- and late-maturing cultivars. Key words:Phleum pratense, timothy, cultivars, digestibility, cell wall

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

INFLUENCE DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE SUR LE RENDEMENT, LA VALEUR NUTRITIVE ET LA TENEUR EN DIVERSES FRACTIONS AZOTEES DE TROIS CULTIVARS DE LA FLEOLE DES PRES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. GUERTIN ◽  
J. C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
P. GERVAIS
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

A 3-yr study on rates of nitgoren fertilization of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) showed that dry matter yield increased significantly with each increment of N fertilizer up to 448 kg/ha. Bounty outyielded Climax and Clair cultivars. Forage nutritive value index (NVI) was reduced by N fertilization but no significant difference was found among cultivars over the three growth cycles. Third cut forage had the highest and first cut forage the lowest NVI. Total, protein and non-protein nitrogen contents reached their highest values in first and second growth at highest rates of N fertilizer. Potentially toxic levels of nitrate-nitrogen were attained at each harvest only at rates of 448 and 896 kg/ha of N. On average over the season, Climax had the highest and Clair the lowest percentages of total and protein nitrogen while there was no significant difference among cultivars in the non-protein and nitrate nitrogen contents.

Short Communication: Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in timothy

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantale Morin ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Gaëtan F. Tremblay ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Morin, C., Bélanger, G., Tremblay, G. F., Bertrand, A., Castonguay, Y., Drapeau, R., Michaud, R., Berthiaume, R. and Allard, G. 2012. Short Communication: Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in timothy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 883–887. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) increased during the day by 16 to 41 g kg−1 DM (+23 to 137%) in spring and summer growth cycles and reached a maximum value between 12.8 and 13.2 h after sunrise in an area with 15 to 16 h of day length. This increase in NSC concentration was generally accompanied by a decrease in concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (−2 to 6%), acid detergent fiber (−1 to 7%), and N (−6 to 11%).

EFFECTS OF 25 YEARS OF N, P AND K FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, PERSISTENCE AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF A TIMOTHY SWARD

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BÉLANGER ◽  
J. E. RICHARDS ◽  
R. B. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
K Fertilization

The effects of over 25 yr of levels of applied N, P and K on forage DM yield, crude protein content, in vitro digestibility (IVD), botanical composition and persistence of a timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward were assessed in a long-term field experiment on an acidic Riverbank L. Ammonium nitrate (0, 90, 180, 270 kg N ha−1), superphosphate (0, 15, 29, 44 kg P ha−1) and muriate of potash (0, 47, 94, 141 kg K ha−1) were applied annually in all possible combinations to a timothy sward since 1960. In the first 3 yr of the experiment, only N and K were required for maximum yield and persistence of timothy. The requirement for applied P, however, increased with time; in the last 3 yr (1985–1987) of the trial, the highest level of applied P resulted in profitable forage DM yield increases. After 25 yr, the productivity of the timothy sward was dependent upon a balanced application of all three macronutrients; absence of any one nutrient resulted in little or no response to applications of the other nutrients. The long-term persistence of timothy was solely dependent on K fertilization. The proportion of bentgrass and bluegrass species declined with increasing levels of applied K while that of timothy increased. The change in botanical composition due to applied N and K significantly affected IVD and crude protein content.Key words: N, P, K, fertilization, yield, persistence, timothy

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