DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF LEAF APPEARANCE AMONG MAIZE HYBRIDS AND PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
J. F. MULDOON ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Development Temperature ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

Rates of leaf appearance were evaluated for three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown at two day/night temperatures (20/17 °C and 30/27 °C) in environmentally controlled growth facilities, and for 10 maize hybrids grown in the field. Differences in rate of leaf appearance occurred among genotypes and among phases of development for maize hybrids grown both under controlled-environment and field conditions. Differences in mean rate of leaf appearance between two hybrids common to both experiments were approximately 15% in both the field and the controlled-environment experiments. In addition, hybrid × phase-of-development interactions were highly significant.Key words: Zea mays L., rate of development, temperature, genotype × phase-of-development interaction

Parameterization of the Phenological Development of Select Annual Weeds Under Noncropped Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Competition Models ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

Barnyardgrass, common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, and wild mustard are among the most common weeds in cropping systems throughout North America. Crop and weed competition models that predict phenological development across environments are useful research tools for advancing our knowledge of population dynamics or crop and weed competition. Phenological parameter estimates for such models require verification under field conditions. Field studies were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to determine growth and phenological development of these species under noncropped conditions to compare parameters developed previously from controlled environment studies. Weeds were planted on three separate planting dates in each year. Growth and phenological development were recorded. Number of leaves on the mainstem of all weed species, except common lambsquarters, was not affected by planting dates. Rate of leaf appearance described as a function of days after emergence ranged from 0.48 to 0.89, 0.10 to 0.31, 0.33 to 0.65, and 0.24 to 0.29 leaves d−1 for common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, redroot pigweed, and wild mustard, respectively. When expressed as a function of growing degree days (GDD), rate of leaf appearance for these species ranged from 0.04 to 0.05, 0.01 to 0.02, 0.04 to 0.07, and 0.02 to 0.03 leaves GDD−1, respectively. Planting date had differential effects on the rate of stem elongation and final plant height of each species in the 2 yr. Final plant biomass was also influenced by the time of planting; in general, weeds planted by mid-May had more biomass than those planted later. Parameters developed to describe phenological development under field conditions were comparable to those reported previously from controlled environment studies. We conclude that phenological parameters quantified under controlled environmental studies were comparable to those developed under field conditions for these weed species. Thus, either experimental method can be used to parameterize weed phenological development to initialize crop and weed competition models with reasonable confidence.

Effects of temperature on leaf growth in corn (Zea mays)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1647-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Thiagarajah ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

Effects of temperature on certain leaf-growth characteristics are described for corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid A498 × CG10 grown at 62 nE cm−2 s−1 irradiance (400–700 nm). The rate of leaf expansion declined from a maximum at the earliest measurement stage to zero sometime after the ligule was exserted. The number of visible leaves with actively growing laminae at any stage of ontogeny was constant over day/night temperatures of 15/10, 25/20, 30/25, and 35/30 °C, but increased from three to six between the appearance of the 7th and 13th leaves. Rate of leaf appearance was increased by temperature, from 0.19 leaves per day at 15/10 °C to 0.58 leaves per day at 30/25 °C. However, rate of leaf appearance only increased to 0.60 leaves per day at 35/30 °C. Areas of successive leaves increased to 842 cm−2 at (optimal) 25/20 °C and 772 cm−2 at 30/25 °C for leaf 11, and then decreased to leaf 15. Specific leaf weight (lamina weight/lamina area) increased throughout ontogeny and decreased with increasing temperature.

scholarly journals Selection approaches to the variation of responses to soil compaction stress among maize hybrids ( Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽  
Anna Maksymowicz ◽  
Barbara Jurczyk ◽  
Tomasz Hura ◽  
Grzegorz Rut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Compaction Stress

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals Exploitation of variability for salinity tolerance in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) at early growth stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 4206-4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qayyum Abdul ◽  
Muhammad Saeed Hafiz ◽  
Hanif Mamoona ◽  
Noor Etrat ◽  
Malik Waqas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Maize Hybrids

Effects of Routine Handling on Maize Growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Beardsell
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Routine Handling

Maize (Zea mays L. cv. XL45) plants were grown from seed in controlled-environment rooms. Twice-daily weighings of the plants and containers for 7 days reduced height, and removing plants from the rooms for two 20-min periods daily for 7 days gave significant reductions in stem and leaf dry weights and total leaf area. Transpiration rates were not affected by either of these treatments. Short-term removal from the rooms (up to 10 min daily) produced no significant reductions in plant characteristics. Measuring leaf lengths daily for 10 days resulted in significant reductions in stem dry weight and plant height. It is suggested that control plants should always be subjected to the same degree of handling as treated plants.

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