EFFECTS OF SEED SPACING ON COMMON ROOT ROT OF SOME BARLEY CULTIVARS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. PIENING
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Seed Spacing ◽  
Interplant Competition ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The effect of varying interplant competition on common root rot and yield was examined in barley over a 4-yr period. One experiment studied the effects of thinning. Other tests with a constant level of interplant competition examined the effects of interplanted root-rot-resistant barley or oat cultivars on the root rot reaction and yield of susceptible barley cultivars. Increasing interplant spacing by thinning reduced root rot significantly in Gateway and Bonanza barley in 1 out of 4 years, but yield was increased significantly only in Gateway in 2 out of 4 years. Yield reduction due to root rot was significantly less in 1 out of 2 years when the distance between Gateway plants was increased due to the interplanting of oats. The lack of a consistent reduction in root rot or yield loss by reducing plant competition or interplanting with moderately resistant barley or oats precludes use of lower seeding rates or mixed crops as an economic method of reducing root rot.Key words: Interplant competition, common root rot, barley

scholarly journals Resistance to Diseases in Wheat Collection Samples and Somaclonal Variants

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Tyryshkin ◽  
N.A. Tyryshkina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Moderately Resistant

More than 2000 wheat collection samples were studied for seedling resistance to 4 diseases. Noncoincidence of results obtained after inoculation of leaf segments placed on water solution of benzimidazole (60 ppm) and intact plants was found for 3 foliar diseases (leaf rust – Puccinia recondita, dark brown leaf spot blotch – Bipolaris sorokiniana and septoria glume blotch – Septoria nodorum). Sixty-three entries were resistant to leaf rust; 26 of them have gene for resistance Lr26 (non-effective under field condition), 25 – gene Lr24, 4 – gene Lr19, 8 – gene Lr9 and 2 – gene Lr41. Samples 181-5, Fielder, Butte 66, Raj 1972 and Soisson were moderately resistant to spot blotch; 181-5 – to common root rot and Moking and MN 81330 – to glume blotch. Very high level of partial resistance to 3 diseases was found in late generations of somaclonal lines of weakly and moderately resistant initial genotypes: to leaf rust in lines of cv. Spica, to leaf spot blotch – in lines of 181-5, to common root rot – in that of 181-5 and cv. Vera; moderate resistance to glume blotch was identified in lines of cv. Spica.   

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE FERTILIZATION ON TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS DIFFERING IN COMMON ROOT ROT REACTION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. GOOS ◽  
B. E. JOHNSON ◽  
B. M. HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

The effects of potassium chloride (KCl) fertilization on common root rot severity (CRR, incited primarily by Cochliobulus sativus), chemical composition of plant tissue, and the grain yield of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) were studied at three locations in northern North Dakota in 1984. KCl was applied at 0, 46 and 188 kg KCl ha−1. Barley cultivars sown were Morex and Azure, with the former being the more susceptible to CRR at all sites. All sites tested ’’high’’ in available soil potassium (greater than 500 kg ha−1). Fertilization with KCl significantly reduced CRR severity of both cultivars at all sites. KCl fertilization dramatically decreased nitrate concentrations and increased chloride concentrations in the plant tissues of both cultivars. Morex accumulated more tissue nitrate than Azure at all levels of KCl fertilization. Thus, increased nitrate concentrations of the plant tissue were correlated with increased CRR severity on both cultivars. Grain yields were significantly increased by KCl fertilization at one site. Increased residual soil chloride was present after harvest at those plots receiving the high rate of KCl. The role of plant nitrate in CRR severity deserves more attention.Key words: Root rot (common), barley, fertilization (chloride), chloride-nitrate interaction, Cochliobulus sativus, Hordeum vulgare L.

Sunray spring triticale

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Beres ◽  
B. Skovmand ◽  
H. S. Randhawa ◽  
F. Eudes ◽  
R. J. Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Beres, B. L., Skovmand, B., Randhawa, H. S., Eudes, F., Graf, R. J. and McLeod, J. G. 2012. Sunray spring triticale. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 363–367. Sunray, a spring triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivar, is adapted to the Canadian prairies and represents an improvement in ergot resistance for Canadian triticale. Sunray is resistant to the prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust, common bunt and common root rot and is moderately resistant to grain sprouting. Sunray is short-statured with excellent lodging resistance and grain yield; grain volume test weight and seed mass were similar to the check cultivars. Sunray matures 2 d earlier than Pronghorn and AC Certa, and similar to AC Ultima. Sunray is eligible for the grades of Canada Triticale.

Effect of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on yields of barley under experimental conditions in northern Syria

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. G. van Leur ◽  
M. Z. Alamdar ◽  
S. Khawatmi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Cochliobolus sativus on grain yield of different barley cultivars was studied for 3 seasons in northern Syria by comparing plots with and without artificial inoculation. Distributing oat kernels infested with C. sativus next to barley seed and inoculating seed with C. sativus conidia in a peat carrier resulted in an increase in common root rot symptoms on the subcrown internode. Subcrown internodes were shorter in inoculated than uninoculated plots. The effect of inoculation differed greatly among cultivars and years. Highest losses from the common root rot occurred under dry growing conditions, whereas a significant yield increase was noted on 2 susceptible lines grown under adequate moisture. As common root rot can reduce barley yield in unfavourable environments, the disease should be considered by crop improvement programs aimed at low-rainfall zones in Mediterranean environments.

VIRDEN BARLEY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1113
Author(s):  
M. C. THERRIEN ◽  
R. B. IRVINE ◽  
K. W. CAMPBELL ◽  
R. I. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Virden is a six-row feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Brandon, Manitoba, and is adapted to the western Canadian prairies. This cultivar is late maturing, strong strawed, mid-height to tall, with large, yellow-aleuroned kernels. Virden is resistant to common root rot and stem rust, and is moderately resistant to net blotch, false loose and covered smuts. There is an average 4% increase in yield when compared to Heartland, for all of western Canada, and an average 5 and 8% increase in yield when compared to Heartland and Bedford, respectively, for Manitoba.Key words: Barley (feed) cultivar, Hordeum vulgare

REACTION OF SPRING BARLEYS TO COMMON ROOT ROT AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD COMPONENTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. GREY ◽  
D. E. MATHRE
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Rating

The effects of common root rot (CRR), caused primarily by Cochliobolus sativus, on yield components in 16 barley cultivars representative of three groups—two-row (Hannchen and Smyrna types), Coast, and Manchuria—were studied at Bozeman and Glasgow, Mont, in 1980. At Bozeman, autoclaved oat kernels colonized by Cochliobolus sativus added with seed, effected a mean disease rating (DR) among the cultivars of 42.8, compared to 30.3, when autoclaved uncolonized oat kernels were added. In spite of the mean increase in disease severity of the inoculated plots, there was no significant difference in yield between inoculated and noninoculated plots. Later developed yield components, i.e. kernels per spike and kernel weight, compensated for the initial reduction in fertile tillers caused by CRR. Therefore, in population of plants under disease pressure from CRR, compensating effects on yield components may allow for little or no overall yield reduction, particularly in cultivars that are not highly susceptible to CRR. The two-row, Hannchen-type cultivars were all intermediate in DR at both locations. The two-row, Smyrna-type cultivars were high in susceptibility at Glasgow but intermediate in reaction to CRR at Bozeman. The six-row, Manchuria-Coast groups of cultivars were more diverse in their reaction to CRR at both locations. It appears that genetic relationships have more influence on a cultivar’s disease rating to CRR than has grouping based upon physiological characteristics.Key words: Barley groups, Cochliobolus sativus, yield components

Histology of Cochliobolus sativus infection in subcrown internodes of wheat and barley

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Infection Cushions

Histological study of the infection process of Cochliobolus sativus in subcrown internodes of postseedling plants failed to disclose differences in wheat and barley cultivars that differed markedly in resistance to common root rot in the field. Appressoria and infection cushions were formed on the host surface before penetration. The dome-shaped infection cushions consisted of short-celled hyphae surrounded by long-celled running hyphae. Penetration occurred by fine infection pegs produced from appressoria or the short-celled hyphae in the infection cushions. A lignituber occurred beneath each penetration site. The fungus penetrated wheat or barley subcrown internodes via various epidermal cells, including hair cells, stomatal guard cells, and the rectangular cells. Infection proceeded from the epidermis to the cortex and endodermis, resulting in breakdown of these tissues. Sometimes the stele also was invaded and vascular tissues were occluded. Three morphologically different hyphae, namely fine aseptate infection hyphae, long-celled running hyphae, and coarse, short-celled hyphae, were observed. Dark-stained objects, directly or indirectly associated with the fungus, frequently were found in infected tissues.

YIELD LOSSES IN WHEAT AND BARLEY CULTIVARS FROM COMMON ROOT ROT IN FIELD TESTS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. TINLINE ◽  
R. J. LEDINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Highly Correlated

Intensity of and losses from common root rot in wheat and barley cultivars in field tests were estimated. Disease intensity was based upon the severity and prevalence of lesions on the subcrown internodes of plants. Losses were calculated relative to the potential yield of clean plants. Disease intensities and losses usually were highly correlated in wheat; the most resistant cultivars incurred the lowest losses. In barley the association was variable; some of the cultivars intermediate in disease reaction frequently showed the least reductions in yield. Differences in tolerance may account for these results. The frequent lack of a correlation between grain yield and disease is discussed.

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