RATE OF METRIBUZIN BREAKDOWN AND RESIDUE EFFECTS ON ROTATION CROPS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
J. M. SADLER ◽  
E. R. KIMBALL
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Winter Rye

Field studies on Prince Edward Island loam to fine sandy loam soils from 1977–1980 evaluated the rate of breakdown of metribuzin (4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one) and soil residue effects on crops grown in rotation with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Yields of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) seeded in September and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seeded in spring were not reduced with metribuzin applied at rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/ha to the preceding potato crop. Yields of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) seeded the next spring after metribuzin were significantly reduced in the first experiment at applied rates of 1.0 and 0.5 kg/ha, respectively, but not in the other two experiments. Barley and timothy yields apparently were reduced in the second but not the third experiment at an applied rate of 1.5 kg/ha. The rate of breakdown of metribuzin was rapid in all three experiments but slower in 1977 than in the other 2 yr. The half-life of metribuzin averaged over rates applied was 39 days in 1977, 32 days in 1978, and 30 days in 1979 in P.E.I. soils. From these data, it is doubtful that metribuzin will persist in sufficient amounts in P.E.I. soils to adversely affect crops of winter rye or red clover grown in rotation but may result in some yield reduction of barley at the high rate of application of 1.0 kg/ha and reduction in timothy yield at applied rate of 0.5 kg/ha in those years when rate of breakdown was slow.Key words: Metribuzin, residue, red clover, timothy, winter rye, barley

ATRAZINE PERSISTENCE AND RESIDUE EFFECTS ON ROTATION CROPS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
J. M. SADLER ◽  
E. R. KIMBALL ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Significant Yield

Field studies on Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) loam to fine sandy loam soils from 1977 to 1980 determined the rate of breakdown of atrazine and soil residue effects on crops grown in rotation with silage corn (Zea mays L.). The rate of breakdown was rapid during the first 30 days after application with an estimated half-life of 23 days when averaged over rates and years. Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were most sensitive to atrazine residues; yields of red clover were reduced significantly from the 1.13-kg/ha rate and of timothy after the 2.25-kg/ha rate. Yields of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) broadcast seeded in standing corn in August and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeded the next spring were not affected, or reduced only slightly, by atrazine residues from initial applications of 1.13 kg/ha but showed significant yield losses at the 2.25- and 4.50-kg/ha rates. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeded the next spring after atrazine use was tolerant of residues showing significant yield losses only at the 4.50-kg/ha rate. In this study, atrazine applied at 1.13 kg/ha in silage corn was sufficiently broken down to permit production of all crops studied except red clover.Key words: Atrazine, residue, clover (red), timothy, alfalfa, rye (winter), barley

Under-seeding potato with nurse crops in eastern Canada: challenges and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-706
Author(s):  
Judith Nyiraneza ◽  
Sheldon Hann ◽  
Josée Owen ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
Kyra Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Nurse Crops ◽  
Selective Herbicide

Soil erosion can be a serious issue in eastern Canada during the 3–5 wk that it takes for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to emerge under the cool, humid climatic conditions with frequent heavy rainfall events. Seeding a fast-growing nurse crop at the same time as the potato crop can hold the soil particles in place, reduce surface crusting, and increase water infiltration. The objective of this study, conducted in Prince Edward Island and in New Brunswick in 2017, was to evaluate the effects of under-seeding potato with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) on marketable potato yield, nitrate dynamics during the growing season, and soil moisture content. Nurse crop growth was terminated mechanically (hilling), with a selective herbicide, or with a nonselective herbicide. Yield increases ranging from 9% to 91% were observed when nurse crop growth was terminated using a nonselective herbicide at both sites. Inconsistent results were obtained when a mechanical method or a selective herbicide were used, with marketable yield reduced at one site and no effect on yield at another site. There was a trend toward higher soil nitrate contents under the control than under the nurse crop treatments, though it was not consistent across sampling times. Results demonstrated that there are circumstances under which nurse crops can be successfully integrated into a potato-based system and provided future hypotheses to test. Potential confounding factors that can impact the nurse crop efficiency are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of previous crops and nematicide treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
L.M. Edwards ◽  
C.E. Gallant ◽  
H.W. Johnson ◽  
J.A. MacLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study assessing the influence of the previous crop, the crop sequence, and aldicarb treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields was carried out in Prince-Edward-Island, Canada. The most recent crop had the greatest impact on nematode numbers. The crop sequences had an influence in some cases on root lesion nematode populations (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) and on crop yields. In commercial barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields, root lesion nematodes in roots were greatest when barley followed a red clover (Trifolium pratense) timothy (Phleum pratense) ley, and stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp., primarily T. dubius, and Merlinius spp.) were more common when barley followed barley. The combined dry weight of foliage and grain was larger when barley was planted after potato (Solanumtuberosum) and smaller when barley followed barley or a red clover-timothy mixture. Under experimental field conditions, root lesion nematode populations were largest in barley roots when barley followed potato and grain yields were smallest when barley followed barley. Changes in nematode populations in potato were not associated with crop sequences. Potato tuber yields were higher in the sequences that began with wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley than in the sequences that began with potato or soybean (Glycine max). Aldicarb reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots with concomitant yield increases in potato and soybean.

EFFECT OF METHODS OF APPLICATION AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM ON THE MOLYBDENUM CONCENTRATION AND YIELD OF FORAGES ON PODZOL SOILS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Saranac’), red clover (Trifolium pratense L. ’Lakeland’), and timothy (Phleum pratense L. ’Climax’) were grown at two locations on Charlottetown fine sandy loam soils in Prince Edward Island. The pH values of the soils were 5.6 and 5.7, respectively. The three levels of lime were 0, 2.24 and 4.48 metric tonnes/ha and the Mo treatments included no Mo, Mo added as foliar spray and Mo added to the soils. In the first sampling, applications of 0.44 kg Mo/ha as foliar spray to soil limed to pH 5.9 and 6.3 in the three crops resulted in tissue Mo concentrations of greater than 10 ppm which when fed to livestock could produce Mo toxicity. With soil applications of 0.88 kg Mo/ha, tissue Mo concentrations of greater than 10 ppm occurred only in alfalfa and red clover limed to soil pH 5.6, 5.9 and 6.3. The tissue Mo levels in the second sampling decreased sharply when compared to those in the first sampling. The differences in Mo concentrations in second, third and fourth samplings were very small. There was a significant interaction (Mo × lime) because the increases of Mo concentration in red clover due to liming were much greater at higher rates of Mo than at lower rates of Mo. In the case of a suspected Mo deficiency, addition of about 0.2 kg Mo/ha as foliar spray or of 0.4 kg Mo/ha applied to the soil should alleviate a Mo deficiency problem. Residual effects at these levels of Mo should last for 2–3 yr from the crop sufficiency point of view. Molybdenum applied as foliar spray increased timothy yields by 15–17% at one location.

scholarly journals Using Eight Crops to Show the Correlation between Paucity Irrigation and Yield Reduction of Al-Hussainiyah Irrigation Project in Karbala, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Musa Habib Jassim Al-Shammari ◽  
Hayder Algretawee ◽  
Ali H. Al-Aboodi
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Statistical Program

Efficiency of water use in irrigation field always motivates researchers to find a way which could reduce irrigation quantity and obtain approximately the same crop yields. This study estimated the relationship between the paucity irrigation with the reduction in yield for eight crops (cotton, maize, alfalfa, small grain, summer vegetable, sesame, sunflower, and palms) by using various paucity irrigation stages from evapotranspiration of crops (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) as an indication of all crop outgrowth using medium soil. This study selected the project of Al-Hussainiyah irrigation that lies in Karbala province, which is close to Baghdad relative to the South. Also, the project has high importance because most dwellers have used the province for agriculture and drinking purposes. These are reasons of choosing it as a case study to implement paucity irrigation strategy on most crops (eight crops) within the project. The necessary records related to this study were obtained from specialized offices in Iraq, particularly water resources and agriculture ministries. Computer programs such as CROPWAT version 8.0, statistical program SPSS statistics version 20, and table curve 2D version 5.0 are considered the software for solving this model. This model was tested for its application and sensitivity by changing paucity levels for each crop. The comparison between the available and the estimated water demand showed that the paucity in irrigation water demand was very clear during the period from February to December for the average present state of agriculture. The correlation analysis gives a result that the paucity irrigation level with yield reduction manifested that the yield reduction rate of maize recorded higher than the other crops, while cotton recorded lower yield reduction rate than the other crops during all paucity stages.

Glyphosate application and timing of tillage of red clover affects potato response to N, soil N profile, and root and soil nematodes

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Sanderson ◽  
J. A. MacLeod ◽  
J. Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
N Rates

The effects of glyphosate application and time of tillage of red clover on soil NO3-N profiles, the response of the subsequent potato crop to varying rates of N fertilizer application, and root and soil nematodes, were evaluated. The study was conducted over three cropping seasons on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam on Prince Edward Island. Red clover was moldboard ploughed in mid-September (early fall), or moldboard or chisel ploughed in mid-October (late fall), or moldboard ploughed in the spring. Glyphosate was applied in early fall and the dead clover was moldboard or chisel ploughed in mid-October or left undisturbed until spring. A barley control, where barley was harvested and straw incorporated with a tandem disc harrow in early September, was included. Potato were planted with 6 rates of N (0 to 250 kg ha–1 in 50-kg increments) band applied at planting. The barley control treatment produced lower potato yield without fertilizer N in all 3 yr of the study compared to red clover treatments, but potato yields were similar at high rates of applied N. Potato tuber yields after spring moldboard ploughing of red clover were higher at low N rates and lower at high N rates than yields after late fall treatment in one year of the study. Concentrations of nitrate-N in the soil in mid-November were highest following the early fall moldboard ploughing and lowest in the undisturbed clover plots. Fall soil nitrate-N levels were intermediate following the glyphosate application and late fall tillages. Early spring soil nitrate-N levels in the surface 30 cm were generally highest with the spring and late fall tillage and lowest with the early fall tillage. Levels of nitrate-N in potato petioles increased with increased rates of N application and generally increased as tillage of the red clover was delayed from early fall to late fall to spring. In general, cultivation and the application of glyphosate did not affect soil and root nematode populations. In two instances, the moldboard plough tillage treatments were associated with higher levels of the clover-cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii. One of the tillage treatments was combined with glyphosate, but this was the only case where the herbicide had an impact on nematodes. To maximize the benefits to the subsequent potato crop and to minimize leaching of nitrate, incorporation of legume residue should be delayed until the rate of mineralization and nitrification of the legume N is minimized. It is suggested that incorporation of red clover be delayed until after mid-October for clover–potato systems on PEI. Key words: Glyphosate, nematodes, nitrate leaching, petiole nitrate-N, potato, soil nitrate-N, tillage time

Canada Thistle(Cirsium arvense)Control in Timothy(Phleum pratense)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)Sward

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Peterson ◽  
J. V. Parochetti
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two of three herbicides were applied repetitively in each of the years to a dense infestation of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] in timothy(Phleum pratenseL.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) sward in Carroll County, Maryland during the period 1969 to 1971. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid), eliminated red clover from the sward after the first year, and controlled 95 to 100% of the Canada thistle in the third year of treatment. The addition of a non-phytotoxic oil to picloram did not improve its efficiency. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) reduced 57 to 87% of the red clover and 72% of the Canada thistle in the first year at a dosage of 1.12 kg/ha, but effected only 42% control in the third year of treatment. Both an amine and ester formulations of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] effected variable Canada thistle control and reduced the red clover stand 10 to 15% following the first application. The timothy yield was not significantly reduced during the 3 years of repeated application of all herbicides, but some necrosis of leaves was noted with dicamba and the high rate of 2,4-D. Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Delmar’] planted 1 yr following the last picloram application had curled leaves initially, but outgrew the injury. Soybeans planted 2 yr following the last application of the herbicides showed no significant reduction in yield indicating herbicide residues had been reduced to tolerable levels.

Soil organic matter quality and aggregate stability under eight potato cropping sequences in a fine sandy loam of Prince Edward Island

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Linnell M. Edwards ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson ◽  
Nicole Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
C And N

Soil degradation and soil organic matter (SOM) reduction have long been suspected to occur under intensive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Prince Edward Island. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight potato cropping sequences involving barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and barley under-seeded with red clover on aggregate stability and SOM properties of a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Total C and N, light-fraction (density < 1.7 g cm−3) C (LF-C) and light-fraction N (LF-N), microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrate content, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and aggregate stability were determined in the 0- to 15-cm soil layer in the 6th and 10th years of the trial. Average C and N contents were 20 to 27% greater in sequences that included 3 or 4 yr of potatoes and a high frequency of red clover than in a 9-yr potato sequence; and were attributed to the less frequent tillage and higher organic matter inputs associated with the forage component. The response for MBC, LF-C, LF-N and APA was greater than those for total C and N suggesting that the former parameters may better reveal SOM changes caused by variations in potato management than the latter. Light-fraction N was particularly sensitive to the inclusion of perennial legumes in the cropping sequence. Wet-aggregate stability was 33% higher after 6 yr in the sequence with 50% frequency of red clover than in the continuous potato system, but no effect was noted after 10 yr. The results of this study indicate that sequences which are limited to 30 to 40% of potatoes and have a high frequency of perennial forage such as red clover, lead to greater SOM content and quality of a Charlottetown fine sandy loam compared to continuous potatoes. Trends in aggregate stability generally followed those of SOM fractions but the effects were relatively smaller and varied with time. Key words: Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., soil aggregation, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, light fraction, microbial biomass

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological Traits of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for Post-Flowering Drought Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerihun Kebede ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe ◽  
Asrat Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Multiple Traits

Though breeding for drought resistance is complicated due to the many processes involved and their interaction with the environment, availability of precise, cheap and easy to apply selection tool is critical. The present study quantified the response of potato genotypes to drought and identified potential morpho-physiological traits that are useful for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. The study assessed sixty genotypes under two irrigation regimes: fully watered non-stress and terminal drought, where the irrigation water supply to the crop was withheld after 50 % flowering to induce post-flowering stress. Measurements for various morpho-physiological, yield and quality related traits were taken following the potato crop trait ontology. The post-flowering stress induced in this study caused a tuber yield reduction of 33.13% compared with the non-stressed treatment. The genotypes responded differently in tuber yielding potential to the drought. This differential tuber yield response to drought was associated with up and downward regulation of multiple traits related to drought adaptation in potatoes. Drought caused downward regulation on trait responses such as harvest index, leaf area and specific leaf area. Plant height, aboveground biomass and relative water content of leaf contributed negatively for tuber yield under stressed condition. Therefore, the selection attributes identified from this study could help the potato breeding program in the country to develop climate resilient potato varieties.

scholarly journals First Report of blaNDM-1 Bearing IncX3 Plasmid in Clinically Isolated ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Gaojian Zhang ◽  
Tayyab Rehman ◽  
Jianxion Han ◽  
Sabir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Molecular Type ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Sequence Types

The New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is among the most threatening forms of carbapenemases produced by K. pneumoniae, well-known to cause severe worldwide infections. The molecular epidemiology of blaNDM-1-harboring K. pneumoniae is not well elucidated in Pakistan. Herein, we aim to determine the antibiotics-resistance profile, genes type, molecular type, and plasmid analysis of 125 clinically isolated K. pneumoniae strains from urine samples during July 2018 to January 2019 in Pakistan. A total of 34 (27.2%) K. pneumoniae isolates were carbapenemases producers, and 23 (18.4%) harbored the blaNDM-1 gene. The other carbapenemases encoding genes, i.e., blaIMP-1 (7.2%), blaVIM-1 (3.2%), and blaOXA-48 (2.4%) were also detected. The Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) results revealed that all blaNDM-1-harboring isolates were ST11. The other sequence types detected were ST1, ST37, and ST105. The cluster analysis of Xbal Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed variation amongst the clusters of the identical sequence type isolates. The blaNDM-1 gene in all of the isolates was located on a 45-kb IncX3 plasmid, successfully transconjugated. For the first time, blaNDM-1-bearing IncX3 plasmids were identified from Pakistan, and this might be a new primary vehicle for disseminating blaNDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae as it has a high rate of transferability.

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