INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL HERBICIDES FOR BROAD-LEAVED WEED CONTROL AND TWEEN 20 ON THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF PARAQUAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
J. T. O’DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Permanent Reduction

Paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha provided excellent control of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oats Avena sativa L.) when applied at the four-leaf stage of growth. Applications of paraquat in tank mixtures with ester formulations of 2,4-D, MCPA, bromoxynil or bromoxynil/MCPA did not affect paraquat activity on the grasses. Tank mixtures of paraquat with dimethylamine formulations of 2,4-D and MCPA resulted in a permanent reduction of paraquat activity on the annual grass species. Sequential applications of 2,4-D amine or MCPA amine in relation to paraquat did not reduce paraquat activity on the annual grass species. Control of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) with 0.28 kg/ha paraquat was not acceptable and was variable. However, excellent control of rapeseed was obtained when one of several herbicides for broad-leaved weed control were combined with paraquat.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS HERBICIDES AND TWEEN 20 ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GLYPHOSATE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
J. T. O’DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
High Degree

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) at 0.21 kg/ha applied at the 4-leaf stage provided excellent control of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and rape (Brassica campestris L.). Tank mixtures of 0.21 kg/ha glyphosate with bromoxynil/MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA, 2,4-D, or dicamba resulted in an initial reduction (antagonism) of glyphosate activity on the grass species at 5 days after treatment. At 34 days after treatment, the early differences had disappeared and grass kill was virtually complete with all treatments containing glyphosate. The early reduction in annual grass control with these mixtures was overcome in most cases by addition of Tween 20. Dicamba at 0.11 kg/ha, applied sequentially at various times in relation to glyphosate at 0.21 kg/ha, provided significantly increased early control of annual grasses over that obtained with glyphosate alone. Glyphosate combinations with bromoxynil/MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA, 2,4-D, or dicamba were as effective or more effective for rape control than the various broad-leaved herbicides applied alone. Rape showed a high degree of tolerance to dicamba.

INFLUENCE OF STAGE OF APPLICATION OF GLYPHOSATE AND PARAQUAT WITH AND WITHOUT TWEEN 20 ON THE CONTROL OF ANNUAL GRASS SPECIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats

Experiments were conducted in the field at Lacombe in 1980 and 1981 to determine the influence of leaf stage at application (one to six-leaf) on the effectiveness of glyphosate at 0.21 kg/ha and paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha with or without Tween 20 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween is a trademark of ICI Amercas Inc.) for control of three annual grass species. Visual estimates of percent control were taken 3 wk after the last herbicide application. Curvilinear regression analysis of the data using linear plus quadratic effects produced a significant fit (P < 0.01) for determining percent control for a given leaf stage. Ninety percent control was selected as the minimum acceptable level, and the most restrictive leaf stage of application ranges to achieve this level of control over both years were determined. For glyphosate the ranges were 1 to >6-leaf for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 3 to >6-leaf for wild oats (Avena fatua L.). For glyphosate plus Tween 20, the ranges were 1 to >6-leaf for barley and wheat and 2 to >6-leaf for wild oats. For paraquat, the leaf stage ranges were 2 to 4.5-leaf for barley and wheat, and 2 to 5-leaf for oats (Avena sativa L.). For paraquat plus Tween 20, the ranges for barley, wheat and oats were 2- to 5-leaf, 2- to 4.5-leaf and 1.5- to 4.5-leaf, respectively. The data are presented so that any acceptable level of control may be selected, confidence bands [Formula: see text] may be included and the leaf stage range to obtain the selected level of control may be determined.Key words: Glyphosate, paraquat, surfactant, leaf stage, zero tillage

ANNUAL WEED CONTROL WITH PARAQUAT IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER HERBICIDES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha effectively controlled barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) and oat (Avena sativa L. ’Random’) in field trials conducted during 1982 and 1983. Grass control was excellent with paraquat and its activity was unaffected when it was applied in combination with either clopyralid, picloram, metribuzin, linuron, or chlorsulfuron. Slight reductions in paraquat phytotoxicity occurred in some instances when paraquat was applied in combination with commercially formulated mixtured of clopyralid plus 2,4-D, clopyralid plus MCPA or picloram plus 2,4-D, but grass control was still acceptable (90% or greater). However, a commercially formulated mixture of cyanazine plus MCPA consistently reduced the phytotoxicity of paraquat and rendered grass control unacceptable. Control of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) with paraquat and most paraquat mixtures was excellent in 1982 but was poor and variable in 1983.Key words: Wheat, barley, oat, rapeseed, zero tillage, chemical summerfallow

Annual weed management in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean using a two-pass weed control strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-425
Author(s):  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Allan J. Kaastra ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractTransgenic crops are being developed with herbicide resistance traits to expand innovative weed management solutions for crop producers. Soybean with traits that confer resistance to the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase herbicide isoxaflutole is under development and will provide a novel herbicide mode of action for weed management in soybean. Ten field experiments were conducted over 2 years (2017 and 2018) on five soil textures with isoxaflutole-resistant soybean to evaluate annual weed control using one- and two-pass herbicide programs. The one-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g ai ha−1), medium rate (79 + 316 g ai ha−1), and high rate (105 + 420 g ai ha−1); and glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST) or late postemergence (LPOST). The two-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, followed by glyphosate applied LPOST, and glyphosate applied EPOST followed by LPOST. At 4 weeks after the LPOST application, control of common lambsquarters, pigweed species, common ragweed, and velvetleaf was variable at 25% to 69%, 49% to 86%, and 71% to 95% at the low, medium, and high rates of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus metribuzin at the low, medium, and high rates controlled grass species evaluated (i.e., barnyardgrass, foxtail, crabgrass, and witchgrass) 85% to 97%, 75% to 99%, and 86% to 100%, respectively. All two-pass weed management programs provided 98% to 100% control of all species. Weed control improved as the rate of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin increased. Two-pass programs provided excellent, full-season annual grass and broadleaf weed control in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean.

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

Antagonism of Graminicide Activity on Annual Grass Species by Imazethapyr

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Myers ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Control ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Large Crabgrass

The interaction of imazethapyr and selected graminicides on annual grass control was studied in field experiments. Tank-mix combinations of imazethapyr with clethodim, fluazifop-P, quizalofop, or sethoxydim resulted in an antagonistic interaction. Control of large crabgrass, fall panicum, and broadleaf signalgrass by each graminicide decreased when tank-mixed with imazethapyr as compared with each graminicide applied alone. Sequential applications of imazethapyr, relative to each graminicide, successfully overcame the antagonism. Imazethapyr applied 5 d before or 1 d after each of the graminicides did not decrease grass weed control compared with each graminicide alone. Imazethapyr applied 3 or 1 d before, or the same day as the graminicides, generally decreased grass weed control.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

RESPONSE OF VARIOUS BROAD-LEAVED WEEDS, AND TOLERANCE OF CEREALS, TO SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF DPX-4189

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
And Control

DPX-4189 (2-chloro-N-[4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino-carbonyl]-benzenesulfonamide), applied at relatively low rates to the soil (40–200 g/ha) or foliage (1–100 g/ha), generally provided excellent control of a variety of broad-leaved weeds, but poor control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed excellent tolerence. At equivalent dosages, foliar applications were more effective than soil applications in the year of application. With foliar applications, herbicidal activity on a variety of annual broad-leaved weed species was reduced with application at later (four to eight) versus earlier (two to four) leaf stages. Preplant incorporated (PPI) treatments were more effective for control of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) than soil surface (PE) or preemergence incorporated (PEI) treatments. DPX-4189 provided weed control 8 mo after application at 20 g/ha in the greenhouse and 12 mo after application at 40 g/ha in the field. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) topgrowth control during the year of application, and control of regrowth 1 yr after application of DPX-4189 at 50 g/ha under field conditions was excellent. DPX-4189 may be transported from the leaves to the roots of Canada thistle, but soil residue carryover is probably more important for control during the second year. DPX-4189 was readily leached in a silt-loam soil.

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