INFLUENCE OF MOWING AND TILLER ORIENTATION ON LEAF MEASUREMENTS OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1026
Author(s):  
J. L. EGGENS
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blade Width

When 11 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars were mowed at 2, 3, 4 or 5 cm, the sheath length, blade length and blade width of the third youngest leaves of prostrate (0–29°) tillers were each found to be significantly larger than corresponding leaf parts from intermediate (30–59°) and upright (60–90°) tillers. Corresponding differences were not observed in unmowed grasses.

SAND ROOTZONES FOR KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
S. H. NELSON ◽  
G. L. McCLENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perched Water Table

The growth and development of Kentucky bluegrass was studied for 3 yr on eight sand blends consisting of variable particle sizes. All were perched over a coarse layer (6–12 mm diam). No differences in germination, establishment, or color over the 3 yr were observed. Without turf the hydraulic conductivity varied greatly in the sand blends. The high conductivity levels were greatly reduced with the developing turf. There was greater downward water movement in those plots with most of the finer particles removed and this greater percolation continued throughout the experiment as the turf developed. In the compacted plots, however, significant differences in percolation rates had disappeared by the third year. When most of the finer particles had been removed, there was a trend toward less total root production with a redistribution of roots to the middle portions of the profiles. This trend was more evident on the compacted plots. The study demonstrated that developing turf has an ameliorating effect on hydraulic conductivity on these vastly different sand blends and suggests that sands, even though not in the recommended range of particle size, can still offer relief to the compaction, drainage, and root growth problems encountered in Kentucky bluegrass playing fields.Key words: Poa pratensis, perched water table, hydraulic conductivity, root growth, compaction

scholarly journals Breeding and Evaluation of Fine Fescues for Increased Tolerance to Mesotrione Herbicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Trent M. Tate ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations

Fine fescues (Festuca sp.) are a group of species that require fewer inputs, such as fertilizer, than other cool-season species managed for turf. They are adapted to infertile, acidic soils; shade; and drought. One area that poses additional challenges is the lack of weed control options for fine fescues during establishment from seed. Mesotrione is a herbicide that provides preemergence control of many broadleaf and grassy weeds, such as annual bluegrass (Poa annua), but is currently not labeled for use in fine fescues at seeding. The objectives of this research were 1) to use a recurrent selection technique to develop mesotrione-tolerant chewings fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. commutata), hard fescue (Festuca brevipila), and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra spp. rubra); and 2) to conduct field trials to compare the new selections to commercially available cultivars and experimental lines not selected for tolerance to mesotrione. Progress was made after each of the three generations of recurrent selection. The top statistical grouping of entries for injury following application of mesotrione at the 8-oz/acre rate included all the third-generation (G3) hard fescues, all the G3 chewings fescues, and the G3 strong creeping red fescue STB1 Composite. After three generations, selections of hard, chewings, and strong creeping red fescues had equivalent or better tolerance to mesotrione than tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) cultivars, which are on the label for safe use at seeding. These new selections would provide turf managers an option to control weeds using mesotrione during seedling establishment of fine fescues.

Herbicide and Fire Effects on Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis) and Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in Invaded Prairie Remnants

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A. Bahm ◽  
Thomas G. Barnes ◽  
Kent C. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractSmooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass are introduced cool-season perennial grasses known to invade grasslands throughout North America. During the fall of 2005 and spring of 2006, we implemented a restoration study at six native prairie sites in eastern South Dakota that have been invaded by smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass. Treatments included five herbicide combinations, a fall prescribed burn, and an untreated control to determine the potential of each for renovation of invaded native grasslands. Herbicide treatments tested were sulfosulfuron, imazapyr, imazapic + sulfosulfuron, and imazapyr + imazapic, and were applied in late September 2005 and mid-May 2006. Untreated control plots averaged 64% (± 3.1) smooth brome cover and 38% (± 5.5) Kentucky bluegrass cover after the third growing season. Smooth brome cover in herbicide treated plots ranged from 6 to 23% and Kentucky bluegrass cover ranged from 15 to 35% after the third growing season. Smooth brome cover was 20% (± 2.9) and Kentucky bluegrass cover was 19% (± 4.0) in burned plots after the third growing season. Spring and fall treatments had similar native plant cover after three growing seasons. Spring and fall application of 0.33 kg ai ha−1 imazapyr and 0.10 kg ai ha−1 imazapic + 0.16 kg ai ha−1 imazapyr had ≤ 10% smooth brome cover and increased native species cover after three growing seasons. Herbicides were effective at reducing cover of smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass, and can be incorporated with other management strategies to restore prairie remnants.

Nitrogen fixation associated with 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shearman ◽  
W. L. Pedersen ◽  
R. V. Klucas ◽  
E. J. Kinbacher
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduction Assay

Associative nitrogen fixation in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turfs inoculated with five nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates was evaluated using the acetylene reduction assay and nitrogen accumulation as indicators of fixation. 'Park' and 'Nugget' Kentucky bluegrass turfs were grown in controlled environment chambers and inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (W-2, W-6, and W-14), Erwinia herbicola (W-8), and Enterobacter cloacae (W-11). 'Park' inoculated with K. pneumoniae (W-6) had significant acetylene reduction activity using undisturbed turfs. Other treatments including turfs treated with heat-killed cells had no significant difference in acetylene reduction. In a second study, 'Park' and 'South Dakota Certified' turfs were grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with K. pneumoniae (W-6) and E. herbicola (W-8). 'Park' inoculated with K. pneumoniae (W-6) had increased acetylene reduction activity rates and also a greater nitrogen accumulation in aerial tissues when compared to controls. Acetylene reduction activity was correlated (r = 0.92) to nitrogen accumulation. Other treatments did not effectively increase acetylene reduction activity or nitrogen accumulation.

Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by Klebsiella pneumoniae in association with 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Wood ◽  
R. V. Klucas ◽  
R. C. Shearman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity

Turfs of 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass reestablished in the greenhouse and inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (W6) showed significantly increased nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) compared with control turfs. Mean ethylene production rates per pot were 368 nmol h−1 for K. pneumoniae treated turfs, 55 nmol h−1 for heat-killed K. pneumoniae treated turfs, and 44 nmol h−1 for untreated turfs. Calculated lag periods before activity was observed were generally very short (less than 1 h).When 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass was grown from seed on soil-less medium of Turface, a fired aggregate clay, inoculation with K. pneumoniae (W6) resulted in 9 of 11 turfs showing nitrogenase activity (mean ethylene producion rate per pot was 195 nmol h−1). Only 3 of 11 turfs treated with heat-killed K. pneumoniae showed any activity and their mean rate of ethylene production (40 nmol h−1 per pot) was significantly lower than that for turfs treated with K. pneumoniae.Using the 'Park'–Turface soil-less model system it was shown that acetylene reducing activity was (i) root associated, (ii) generally highest at a depth of 1–4 cm below the surface, (iii) enhanced by washing excised roots, and (iv) inhibited by surface sterilization of excised roots. Klebsiella pneumoniae was recovered from Turface and roots showing acetylene reducing activity.

SELECTIVE CONTROL OF ANNUAL BLUEGRASS IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TURF WITH LINURON

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. INGRATTA ◽  
G. R. STEPHENSON ◽  
C. M. SWITZER
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Excellent Control

Optimum top growth of annual bluegrass (Pao annua L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was obtained at 24/12 °C day/night temperature regime in controlled environment studies. The tolerance of seedling Kentucky bluegrass to linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1)methylurea] appeared to be greatest at this temperature regime when photoperiods were 16 h in length. A granular formulation of linuron gave excellent control of annual bluegrass in Kentucky bluegrass turf at 6.7 kg/ha when applied postemergence. At this rate, all culitivars of Kentucky bluegrass tested, with the exception of Fylking, were tolerant to linuron as a granular formulation. After application of linuron at 3.4–6.7 kg/ha, phytotoxic residues remained in the soil at sufficient levels to injure seedling Kentucky bluegrass for up to 3 mo.

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