QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GROWTH IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS GROWN FROM MAGNETICALLY TREATED AND UNTREATED SEED

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth of two barley cultivars (Gait and Betzes) grown from magnetically treated and untreated seed was analyzed quantitatively both to determine their response to the environment of southern Alberta and to identify which phases, if any, are stimulated by magnetic treatment. Plants grown under controlled environment conditions, on irrigated land, and on dryland were sampled at about weekly intervals to determine leaf area and dry weight for growth analyses. Tiller numbers, grain yield, and kernel weights were also measured. The two cultivars differed significantly in the number of tillers and heads per plant, in the net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR) in the later stages of growth, and in grain yield. The only apparent effect of magnetic seed treatment was a small stimulation of NAR, under controlled environment conditions, between 29 and 57 days after planting. No response to magnetic seed treatment could be detected under field conditions.

Growth and yield responses of rice to carbon dioxide concentration

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Baker ◽  
L. H. Allen ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Yield Responses

SUMMARYRice plants (Oryza salivaL., cv. IR30) were grown in paddy culture in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, plant growth chambers at Gainesville, Florida, USA, in 1987. The rice plants were exposed throughout the season to subambient (160 and 250), ambient (330) or superambient (500, 660, 900 μmol CO2/mol air) CO2concentrations. Total shoot biomass, root biomass, tillering, and final grain yield increased with increasing CO2concentration, thegreatest increase occurring between the 160 and 500 μmol CO2/mol air treatments. Early in the growing season, root:shoot biomass ratio increased with increasing CO2concentration; although the ratio decreased during the growing season, net assimilation rate increased with increasingCO2concentration and decreased during the growing season. Differences in biomass and lamina area among CO2treatments were largely due to corresponding differences in tillering response. The number of panicles/plant was almost entirely responsible for differences in final grain yield among CO2treatments. Doubling the CO2 concentration from 330 to 660 μmol CO2/mol air resulted in a 32 % increase in grain yield. These results suggest that important changes in the growth and yield of rice may be expected in the future as the CO2concentration of the earth's atmosphere continues to rise.

A reappraisal of stem reserve contribution to grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
M. B. Alcock ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYPre-anthesis stem reserve contribution to grain yield was assessed in two spring barley cultivars of contrasting height. It was greatest in the taller, but final grain yields were similar. Partitioning of total reserve capacity to various plant parts showed that the leaf and sheath below the peduncle were most important, followed by stem internodes which had increasing reserve capacity up to internode 4.It is suggested that stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice.High grain yields were associated with large positive increases in stem dry weight after anthesis. This would indicate that the source capacity to boost yield is more than proportional to that required to fill the grain alone.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Phosphonate (AG3) Suppresses Pythium Damping-off of Cucumber Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
G. Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Loam Soil

A formulation of phosphonate (AG3) was tested as a seed treatment for the control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants under controlled environment and field conditions. Cucumber seed were treated by soaking for 10 min in phosphonate solution. They were then planted into peat-based mix or sandy-loam soil mixed with Pythium aphanidermatum or P. ultimum inoculum or into muck soil naturally infested with P. irregulare, P. ultimum, and other Pythium spp. Under growth-room conditions, phosphonate seed treatment provided more than 80% control of damping-off in all infested substrates tested. Effective disease control was obtained even when treated seed were stored for 5 weeks and up to 18 months prior to planting. In microplots containing naturally infested muck soil, phosphonate seed treatment decreased the percentage of diseased cucumber plants and increased total fresh weights compared with untreated seed and phosphonate post-planting drench. In field-plot tests 6 weeks after planting treated seed in Pythium-infested muck soil, cucumber stands were 63% compared with 18% in the control, which had no phosphonate exposure, and 53% in the post-planting drench. Tests for potential phytotoxicity in the greenhouse showed that radish and bok choy germination was reduced by phosphonate treatment but corn, cucumber, soybean, sugar beet, tomato, and wheat were not affected. Phosphonate seed treatment is a cost-effective way of protecting cucumber plants from Pythium damping-off.

CONTROL OF ROOT DISEASE IN PEAS BY SEED TREATMENT IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Southern Alberta

The effectiveness of seven different fungicide treatments on peas (Pisum sativum L.) was determined on irrigated land in southern Alberta from 1961 to 1963. Emergence and yield were higher from treated than from untreated seed. Captan, Semesan, and Bayer 47531 were the most effective fungicides.The fungicides did not influence either the type or frequency of isolation of pathogens from roots at harvest. Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. were the fungi most frequently isolated from diseased roots. Pythium was isolated from seeds germinated for 3 days at 15 °C in moist, naturally infested soil, but no pathogens were isolated from seeds treated with captan. Although emergence from untreated seed of six varieties of peas differed with location and variety, emergence from the seed treated with 65% captan was uniformly high. Captan protected both sound and damaged seed from attack by pathogens.

The effect of a common date of either anthesis or planting on the rate of development and grain yield of wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Faster Development

In field experiments in southern Queensland comparisons were made, for a given wheat genotype, of the influence on grain yield of varying the rate of development while maintaining common dates either of anthesis or of planting. Rates of development were varied by the use of extended photoperiods or of isogenic lines of Triple Dirk varying in developmental rate. Hastened development lowered spikelet numbers and total dry weight at anthesis in all the genotypes tested, under highly stressed dryland and fully irrigated conditions. The saving in water use due to fast development rate, measured as available water at anthesis, was not proportional to the difference in total dry weight. This could be due to additional effective rainfall in the longer growing season wheats, to a high rainfall event just prior to anthesis reducing differences in available soil water, or to the complete use of soil water reserves in all treatments. With a common anthesis date, the saving in water use by the quicker developing crops (i.e. later planted) did not offset their lower dry weights and spikelet numbers at anthesis, so that there was either no yield difference or a yield decline with faster development rates. Where common dates of planting were compared the faster developing treatment (i.e. earlier flowering) still showed a trend to reduction in grain number per unit area, but this was usually offset by higher kernel weights. The yield outcome in this case was dominated by the prevailing environmental conditions at the differing anthesis dates.

Studies of grain production in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). V.* Effect of planting density on growth and yield

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth analysis was applied to grain sorghum (cv. RS610) grown at low, medium and high population densities, i.e. 14,352, 143,520 and 645,836 plants ha-1 respectively. The medium densities had two arrangements of plants, square (S) and rectangular (R). Crop growth rates, inflorescence growth rates, leaf area indices, net assimilation rates and leaf growth rates were calculated from growth functions of plant dry matter and leaf area over time. Differences in crop growth rate between populations in the early stages were attributed to leaf area development—specifically to the initial leaf area (dependent on seedling number) and not to differences in leaf growth rates. Peak crop growth rates were 15.0, 27.5, 26.0 and 45.8 g m-2 day-1 for the low, medium (S), medium (R) and high populations respectively.The large difference between the growth rates of the medium (S) and the high populations was not explained by differences in the amount of radiation intercepted. Although leaf area indices were 4.6 and 10.2 respectively for the two populations, both canopies intercepted almost all of the noon radiation. Light extinction coefficients were 0.45 and 0.29 respectively. The relationship between net assimilation rate and leaf area index was such that for comparable leaf area indices above 2, plants at higher densities showed greater improvement in yield per unit increment in leaf area index. A maximum grain yield of 14,250 kg ha-1 was obtained at the high population density as a result of higher dry matter production, but a similar harvest index to that of the crops grown at the other densities. Inflorescence growth rate (g m-2 day-l) slightly exceeded crop growth rate in the latter part of grain filling, which indicated that there was some retranslocation to the grain of previously assimilated material. The maximum grain yield represents an efficiency of utilization of short-wave solar radiation during crop life of 2.5 x 10-6g cal-1. *Part IV, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 25 (1975).

Physiology of Grain Yield in Groundnuts (Arachis hypogea)

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

SUMMARYDodoma Edible outyielded Natal Common groundnut, due to varietal effects associated with differences in pod number, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, number of grains/pod and m2, and weight of individual grain. Increase in plant density led to an increase in grain yield. There was a close and positive relation between stem and pod dry weight; grain yield and leaf area duration; and crop growth rate, grain yield and grain number/m2 of land surface. A greater proportion of total dry matter was diverted into the stems of Dodoma Edible than Natal Common.

The Response of Fusarium graminearum-Infected Seed of Hard Red Spring Wheat to Vitavax Extra RTU and Dividend XL Seed Treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochum J. Wiersma ◽  
Herman J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum can severely impact seed quality and limit the availability of seed. Repeated outbreaks of FHB in the hard red spring wheat (HRSW) production areas of Minnesota and North Dakota since 1993 has forced seed dealers and producers, on occasion, to use FHB-infected wheat as seed. In this experiment, two FHB-infected seed lots, one of the variety Verde and one of the variety 2375, were used to determine the effect of Vitavax Extra RTU (16.7% carboxin : 1.2% imazalil : 1.5% thiabendazole) and Dividend XL (16.5% difenoconazole : 1.38% mefenoxam) on initial plant population, grain yield, and quality. The standard laboratory germination tests indicated that germination of Vitavax Extra RTU-treated seed increased germination from 64 to 84% for both seed lots. Using a four-by-two factorial design, the effect of the brand of seed treatment, the effect of using either brand of seed treatment versus not using a seed treatment at all, and the attained germination percentages from the laboratory tests were used to determine the effects on the initial plant population, grain yield, test weight, and grain protein content. In three field trials, there was no significant interaction between the use of either Vitavax Extra RTU or Dividend XL and seeding rate for initial plant population, grain yield, and test weight. Although a treatment of FHBinfected wheat seed with Vitivax Extra RTU increased germination in a laboratory test, there was no increase in initial plant population or grain yield and quality compared to untreated seed. However, increasing the seeding rate in field trials compensated for poor germination results in the laboratory test and resulted in higher initial stands. Consequently, results of the laboratory test of the untreated seed needed to be used to calculate a proper seeding rate for both seed lots. Accepted for publication 2 April 2004. Published 16 April 2004.

DEFOLIATION ENHANCES GREEN FORAGE PERFORMANCE BUT INHIBITS GRAIN YIELD IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-404
Author(s):  
XIAODONG CHEN ◽  
BIN ZHAO ◽  
LIANG CHEN ◽  
RUI WANG ◽  
CHANGHAO JI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYTo evaluate the effects of defoliation on green forage performance and grain yield (GY) variation in barley, five barley genotypes were imposed on three levels of defoliation treatments over two consecutive growing seasons in this study. The results indicated that green forage yields were significantly improved by repeated defoliation. The traits of green forage quality, including the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight, crude ash and calcium content were improved, while crude protein and crude fat were reduced, and crude fiber and phosphorus contents appeared not to be influenced by repeated defoliation. Plant height (PH), GY and other yield components, grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight, were significantly reduced by defoliation over the two growing seasons, while internode length below spike was less affected. Reduction in spike length and the number of spikes per plant were identified in only one year. Correlation analysis revealed that only PH exhibited a positive correlation with GY. Effects of genotype, interaction between genotype and defoliation, and environments on changes of forage yield and quality and GY were also discussed. Our current work provides a feasible approach to select elite barley cultivars with optimal defoliation treatments for both forage and grain uses in barley breeding programme.

Vegetative growth of winter barley in relation to environmental conditions and grain yield

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramos ◽  
L. F. Garcia del Moral ◽  
L. Recalde
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Ontogenetic Drift ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryThe object of this study was to investigate the vegetative growth in six barley varieties grown in southern Spain (Granada) during 1979, 1980 and 1981. The results showed that crop dry weight (CDW) was dependent on environmental factors (mean temperature, rain, and radiation) which were the determinants of the two CDW components, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area ratio (LAR). However, the effects of these climatic factors on crop growth rate (CGR) and on its components, mean leaf area index () and net assimilation rate (NAR), were partially obscured by ontogenetic drift. In addition, a highly significant relationship was demonstrated between CDW (when the LAI reaches its maximum value) and grain yield. This suggests that the pre-anthesis period has a great influence in the determination of grain yield variation in hot, dry areas, where photosynthesis is very limited after ear emergence.

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