scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Phosphonate (AG3) Suppresses Pythium Damping-off of Cucumber Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
G. Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Loam Soil

A formulation of phosphonate (AG3) was tested as a seed treatment for the control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants under controlled environment and field conditions. Cucumber seed were treated by soaking for 10 min in phosphonate solution. They were then planted into peat-based mix or sandy-loam soil mixed with Pythium aphanidermatum or P. ultimum inoculum or into muck soil naturally infested with P. irregulare, P. ultimum, and other Pythium spp. Under growth-room conditions, phosphonate seed treatment provided more than 80% control of damping-off in all infested substrates tested. Effective disease control was obtained even when treated seed were stored for 5 weeks and up to 18 months prior to planting. In microplots containing naturally infested muck soil, phosphonate seed treatment decreased the percentage of diseased cucumber plants and increased total fresh weights compared with untreated seed and phosphonate post-planting drench. In field-plot tests 6 weeks after planting treated seed in Pythium-infested muck soil, cucumber stands were 63% compared with 18% in the control, which had no phosphonate exposure, and 53% in the post-planting drench. Tests for potential phytotoxicity in the greenhouse showed that radish and bok choy germination was reduced by phosphonate treatment but corn, cucumber, soybean, sugar beet, tomato, and wheat were not affected. Phosphonate seed treatment is a cost-effective way of protecting cucumber plants from Pythium damping-off.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Ethanol Extract of Serratia marcescens is Compatible with Trichoderma Isolates for Control of Damping-off of Cucumber Caused by Pythium ultimum

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Roberts ◽  
Dilip K. Lakshman ◽  
Laurie F. McKenna ◽  
Sarah E. Emche ◽  
Jude E. Maul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Integrated Disease Control ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Environmentally friendly control measures for soilborne plant pathogens are needed that are effective in different soils when applied alone or as components of an integrated disease control strategy. An ethanol extract of Serratia marcescens N4-5, when applied as a cucumber seed treatment, effectively suppressed damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum in potting mix and in a sandy loam soil. Plant stand associated with this treatment was similar to that of seed treated with the chemical pesticide Thiram in the sandy loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract did not consistently provide significant disease control in a loam soil. The N4-5 ethanol extract was compatible with two Trichoderma isolates, not affecting in vitro or in situ colonization of cucumber by these biological control fungi. Control of damping-off of cucumber was never diminished when this ethanol extract was applied as a seed treatment in combination with in-furrow application of the Trichoderma isolates, and disease control was improved in certain instances with these combinations in the loam soil. Data presented here indicate that the N4-5 ethanol extract is compatible with certain beneficial fungi, suggesting that this extract can be used as a component of integrated disease control strategies featuring biological control fungi.

TOLERANCE OF EARLY-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN ◽  
D. A. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Chamber Studies

McCall, Maple Presto, Maple Amber and OT80-3 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were evaluated under field conditions for their response to metribuzin. Maple Amber was found to be less tolerant than the other cultivars. In controlled environment chamber studies, injury to this cultivar was more severe on a sandy loam soil than on a clay loam soil. Fall applications of metribuzin, alone or tank-mixed with trifluralin, were tolerant to Maple Amber soybeans and such applications may offer a practical alternative to spring treatments for broad spectrum weed control in the less tolerant soybean cultivars grown in Manitoba.Key words: Metribuzin, trifluralin, preplant incorporation, fall treatments, soybean cultivars

Effect of selenium seed treatment on selenium concentrations in soybeans

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. MacLeod ◽  
Umesh C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Se Status

This study was conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, to determine the effect selenium (Se) treated seed on Se concentrations in soybean seed (Glycine max). Seed Se concentrations were also compared to those obtained with foliar applied Se. An application of 10 g Se ha−1 as seed treatment raised soybean Se concentrations to more than 0.5 mg kg−1. Soybeans with these Se concentrations, when included in rations at 200 kg t−1 with other low Se ingredients, would produce rations exceeding 0.1 mg Se kg−1, i.e., the minimum level required to prevent Se deficiency in livestock. Seed treatment with 100 g Se ha−1 produced soybean Se concentrations greater than 10 mg Se kg−1. When included in rations at 200 kg t−1 with other low Se feed sources, soybeans with such Se levels would produce rations in excess of the maximum tolerable dietary concentration of 2 mg Se kg−1 dry matter. Even higher soybean Se concentrations were obtained from equivalent Se rates when applied as foliar spray. In summary, treatment of soybean seed with Se has a potential for improving the Se status of rations that would be formulated with ingredients originating from Se deficient areas. Key words: Foliar applied Se, seed Se, sandy loam, Eastern Canada

COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY AND SOIL CONCENTRATIONS OF FALL- AND SPRING-APPLIED TRIFLURALIN IN FLAX

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. PCHAJEK ◽  
I. N. MORRISON ◽  
G. R. B. WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fall Application

The efficacy of fall and spring treatments of trifluralin (α,α-trifluoro-2,6- dinitro-N, N-diproply-p-toluidine) applied to a sandy loam soil seeded to flax and the residual soil concentrations of trifluralin during the growing season were compared over 2 yr. Fall application of trifluralin at 1.12 kg/ha caused less crop injury and resulted in better green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) control than a spring application at 0.84 kg/ha. Initial soil concentrations were higher in plots treated in the fall at 1.12 kg/ha than in plots treated in the spring at 0.84 kg/ha. Six weeks after the experiments were seeded to flax and after harvest, more trifluralin persisted in the fall-treated plots. Calculated on the basis of the amount detected at the time of seeding, an average of 31 and 30% of the trifluralin persisted until after harvest in 1978 and 1979, respectively. In controlled environment studies in which yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca L. Beauv.) was seeded into soil collected six weeks after seeding, growth of the weed was reduced more in soil that was treated in the fall compared to the spring. In soil samples taken after harvest, growth of yellow foxtail was significantly reduced only in soil that had been treated the previous fall, with about a 50% reduction resulting from the 1.12-kg/ha rate and a 90% reduction occurring from the 2.24-kg/ha rate.Key words: Setaria viridis, flax tolerance, green foxtail control, trifluralin residues

Napropamide Adsorption, Desorption, and Movement in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Huang Wu ◽  
Normie Buehring ◽  
J. M. Davidson ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Soil columns and soil thin-layer chromatography were used to evaluate the mobility of napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N,-diethylpropionamide] in various soils. The surface-applied herbicide did not move deeper than approximately 6 cm in a Teller sandy loam soil after a water application of 10.2 cm. The Rfvalues for napropamide and two reference herbicides were in the order of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] > napropamide > terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine]. The mobility of each herbicide was reduced with an increase in clay and organic matter content. Carbon-14 ring labeled napropamide was used to determine the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the herbicide in various soils. The Rfvalues obtained with napropamide and each soil agreed with the adsorptive characteristics. Small applications of a muck soil to a sand (2%, w/w) significantly increased herbicide adsorption and decreased herbicide desorption.

FUNGICIDE SEED TREATMENT OF RYEGRASSES TO IMPROVE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT AND INCREASE FORAGE YIELDS

1982 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Forage Yields

Treatment of seed of four ryegrass cultivars (Lolium spp.) with captan or thiram before sowing increased herbage yields from field plots 3 months after sowing by 33% (Ruanui), 51% (Manawa), 51% (Paroa) and 104% (Moata). Herbage yields and numbers of established plants were closely correlated. A second trial measured yield of Ruanui during 12 months following sowing. Captan seed treatment increased dry matter by 51% at conventional seeding rates (17.5 kg/ ha). Dry matter from plots sown with captan treated seed at 2.2 kg/ha did not differ from that from plots sown with untreated seed at 17.5 kg/ ha. Routine treatment of ryegrass seed to improve seedling establishment is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Solid Matrix Chemo-priming in Okra

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Conway ◽  
R. Mereddy ◽  
B. A. Kahn ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
S. W. Hallgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Emergence And Reduction

Two field trials at Stillwater and Bixby, OK, evaluated the efficacy of solid matrix priming techniques, alone or in combination with fungicide seed treatment on seedling emergence and reduction of damping-off of okra in field soil naturally infested with Pythium ultimum. The following treatments were evaluated: thiram + carboxin (chemo-primed) (commercially applied), biological seed treatment (bio-primed) (Trichoderma harzianum isolate OK-110, 1 g suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]), untreated seed (control), and a 1% CMC control. Chemo-primed seeds had a more uniform and faster emergence compared with untreated seeds at both field sites. Within 3 days, 92 and 78% of chemo-primed seeds had emerged at Stillwater and Bixby, respectively, compared with 84 and 71% emergence in the untreated control. Mean emergence of chemo-primed seeds was lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the untreated control. Chemo-primed seeds had greater vigor (P≤ 0.05) at both locations compared with either fungicide-treated or priming alone, at both locations. There were no differences (P ≤ 0.05) in yield among treatments at both locations. P. ultimum was consistently isolated from damped-off seedlings and surrounding soil at both locations. Isolates of P. ultimum were more pathogenic on okra in laboratory tests than isolates of Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp., and other Pythium spp. also isolated from seed or soil.

Sowing Method and Seed Treatment Effects on Jack Pine Direct Seeding

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Laird Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Upper Slope

Abstract Jack pine seed from local seed sources received six treatment combinations by Hilleshog AB of Sweden as follows: (1) control, no treatment, (2) pelleting, (3) coloring, (4) pelleting and coloring, (5) coloring and scenting, and (6) pelleting, coloring and scenting. Laboratory tests performed by Hilleshog AB, a Swedish agriculture seed treating company that pelleted the test seed, showed pelleting to slow the rate of germination, but germination capacity was greater than 90% after 21 days for all treatments. Treated seed were factorially combined with hand and mechanical sowing methods with Bracke scarification in May 1984 on a sandy jack pine site west of Thunder Bay. Another treatment consisted of manually made pyramidal impressions from a corrugated pallet, which compacted the upper-mid-slope region of the scalp. This treatment, randomized within the 2 × 6 factorial design was then hand sown with untreated seed. Percentage of stocked scalps 2 months after germination showed hand sowing to be superior to machine sowing (45% vs 36%). Hand-sown untreated seed performed slightly better than treated seed (58% vs 32%-49%), but differences between seed treatments were not significant when sown by machine. Best results were obtained from untreated seed sown onto the upper slope of a Bracke scalp stabilized by the corrugated pallet (79%). Microsite stabilization appears critical for successful stocking of jack pine and merits further study toward scarification machinery modification. North. J. Appl. For. 5:237-240, December 1988.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Some Selected Soil Amendment Against Damping off Disease Complex of Potato and Chilli

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Uddin ◽  
N Akhtar ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
AN Faruq
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Growth Characters

Soil applications with poultry refuse, cocodust, vermicompost, ash, sawdust, khudepana, cowdung, solarized sand, Trichoderma harzianum and or with seed treatment by T. harzianum were evaluated against damping off disease complex of potato and chilli. All the treatments significantly reduced percent damping off over control. T. harzianum treated seed along with soil treatment with T. harzianum performed best in terms of seed germination, percent damping off reduction and enhanced growth characters than soil application with T. harzianum alone. The experiment indicates that seed treated with T. harzianum then sown in different soil amendment applied seed bed performed better in all parameters than only application with soil amendment. Among the different soil amendments, poultry refuse and vermicompost have promising impact on seed germination, reduction of percent damping off and growth of potato and chilli seedlings when applying along with T. harzianum. Keywords: Damping off; potato; chilli; Trichoderma harzianum; soil amendment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9485 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 106-116

PEPPER SEED TREATMENT FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE GERMINATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. J. BOUW
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Temperature Time

Low-temperature germination and emergence of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) seed was accelerated by imbibition in salt (KNO3 + K3PO4∙H2O) and PEG solutions at 20 °C. Salt-treated seed had a faster rate of germination and emergence than PEG-treated seed. The stimulating effect of salt solutions on germination was most marked at 12.5 °C. At this temperature, time to 50% germination was up to 14 days less for treated seed than for untreated seed. Similar effects were noted on emergence at 17.5/7.5 °C and 20/10 °C, day/night temperatures. Imbibed seed emerged up to 6 days earlier than untreated seed. The concentration of the salt solution determined the duration of the treatment period. Surface drying the seed at room temperature for 1 day prior to sowing resulted in only a slight reduction on advancement of rate of germination and emergence. Drying followed by storage for up to 21 days did not markedly reduce the beneficial effect on germination and emergence of seeds imbibed in a 1.5% solution, but, for seeds imbibed in water or dilute salt solutions, most of the effect on stimulating germination and emergence was lost by drying for 7 days.Key words: Capsicum annum, osmoconditioning, KNO3 + K3PO4∙H2O, polyethylene glycol, germination, emergence

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