SCREENING WORLD ONION GERMPLASM COLLECTION AND COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO SMUT

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. UTKHEDE ◽  
J. E. RAHE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Onion Germplasm

Two hundred and fifty-five accessions to the USDA world onion germplasm collection and 66 commercial cultivars of Allium cepa were screened for resistance to Urocystis magica, the causal agent of onion smut. The trial was conducted in Cloverdale, British Columbia on a muck soil heavily infested with U. magica. Percent smut infection in bulbs at harvest was measured and significant differences (P = 0.01) among the accessions and cultivars occurred. Three plant introduction lines and one commercial cultivar were completely resistant to U. magica in the trial and significant levels of resistance were found in six other plant introduction lines and one commercial cultivar.

SCREENING WORLD ONION GERMPLASM COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO WHITE ROT

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. UTKHEDE ◽  
J. E. RAHE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Onion Germplasm

Two hundred and ninety-four accessions to the USDA world germplasm collection of Allium cepa were screened for resistance to Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of white rot. The trial was conducted on organic muck soil in Burnaby, British Columbia, with uniformly high levels of added inoculum. Percent white rot infection in bulbs at harvest was measured and significant differences (P = 0.05) among the accessions occurred. High levels of resistance were found in at least three of the accessions, but none was immune.

Status of neo-decanoic acids applied to onion (Allium cepa L.) foliage and phytotoxicity of neo-decanoic acids applied to organic soil

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Ann Pendergrass ◽  
M. D. Gilbert ◽  
F. M. R. Isenberg ◽  
D. J. Lisk
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Micro Organisms

SUMMARYA mixture of 14C-labelled neo-decanoic acids (NDA) applied to onion foliage was virtually all retained at the site of contact rather than being metabolized or moved within the plant. When [14C]NDA was brought into contact with non-sterile organic (muck) soil, 14CO2 was released, suggestive of oxidation by soil micro-organisms. The volatilized acids of NDA are not toxic to unsprayed plants at temperatures up to 32 °C, nor is residue in organic soil harmful to plants sown 5 or more days after NDA spray application.

scholarly journals Screening for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Spinach and Isolation of Verticillium dahliae from Seed of Spinach Accessions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Villarroel-Zeballos ◽  
Chunda Feng ◽  
Angela Iglesias ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit ◽  
James C. Correll
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Central Regional

Verticillium dahliae is a pathogen of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) during spinach seed crop production but not in vegetative leafy spinach crops, because plants remain asymptomatic until bolting has been initiated (conversion from vegetative to reproductive growth). The objectives of this research were to evaluate a set of USDA spinach germplasm accessions for resistance to Verticillium wilt and to determine the range in incidence of natural seed infection/infestation in a subset of the USDA spinach accessions screened for resistance. A total of 120 Spinacia spp. accessions from the USDA North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station spinach germplasm collection and 10 commercial S. oleracea hybrids were screened for resistance to V. dahliae in Trials 1, 2, and 3 in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, in greenhouse evaluations. Each accession was grown in either V. dahliae-infested or non-infested potting mix and rated weekly on a seven-step scale from 1 week before bolting to 4 weeks after bolting. A wide range of disease severity ratings was observed among the accessions evaluated. Most of the accessions were highly susceptible. There was no evidence of qualitative resistance but some showed greater levels of quantitative resistance than others. Plants in soil infested with V. dahliae senesced faster and had significantly reduced biomass compared with plants in non-infested soil of the same accession. In addition, in Trial 2 (2007), 34% (20 of 59) of the seed samples assayed of the accessions were infested or infected with V. dahliae; and in Trial 3, (2008) 16% (21 of 130) of the seed samples of the USDA accessions evaluated were infested or infected with V. dahliae, V. tricorpus, or Gibellulopsis nigrescens (formerly known as V. nigrescens). These results are valuable for characterizing potential genetic variability within spinach germplasm for resistance to V. dahliae.

scholarly journals Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 452F-452
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
K.A. Schierenbeck ◽  
R.M. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Dna Template

Maintenance of garlic (A. sativum L.) germplasm collections is based on year-to-year vegetative propagation of individual accessions. Several accessions are phenotypically similar, often originating from the same region of the world, but have been collected by different people at different times. These accessions are currently maintained as separate and unique samples, but may represent genetic duplication in the collection. In order to identify genetic duplication in the USDA collection, 45 garlic Plant Introduction accessions from the garlic USDA germplasm collection were analyzed for RAPD marker polymorphism. The samples originated from 20 countries worldwide. RAPD bands were generated by 20 decamer primers, using 100-ng DNA template, and 38 PCR amplification cycles. Polymorphism between accessions was defined as presence or absence of particular bands at given loci. However, a few distinguishing RAPD markers were established for selected accessions, identifying additional molecular markers to wholly assess the similarities or polymorphism of the garlic collection units is necessary.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation in Leaf Morphology of the USDA, ARS Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Jackson ◽  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Robert L. Jarret ◽  
Phillip A. Wadl
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Research Service

During 2012–14, 737 sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae), plant introduction (PI) accessions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA, ARS) sweetpotato germplasm collection were evaluated for several phenotypic leaf and plant characteristics, and a photographic record of each accession was made. Data were prepared for placement in the USDA, ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database and the sweetpotato ontology. The parameters recorded for each genotype were canopy coverage, vine length, general leaf outline, leaf lobing, shape of the central leaf lobe, number of leaf points, leaf petiole length, leaf width, leaf length, leaf width × length, and leaf width/length (aspect ratio). The data indicate that there is wide genetic diversity for vegetative phenotypic characteristics within the USDA, ARS sweetpotato germplasm collection. This study provides important phenotype information for the USDA, ARS sweetpotato collection that has been lacking and can be used for curation of the collection and by researchers and breeders working with this important global food crop.

scholarly journals Downy Mildew Resistance of the Cucumber Germplasm Collection in North Carolina Field Tests

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 450B-450
Author(s):  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Nischit V. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Production Areas

Downy mildew [Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostov] is an important disease in most cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production areas of the world. Resistant cultivars are available, but higher levels are needed if yield losses are to be avoided. The objective of this experiment was to test all available plant introduction accessions, cultivars, and breeding lines (collectively referred to as cultigens) of cucumber for downy mildew resistance under field conditions in North Carolina. Cultigens were tested in 2 years and two replications under natural field epidemics of the disease. Mean ratings for downy mildew leaf damage ranged from 1.3 to 9.0 on a 0 to 9 scale. The most resistant nine cultigens originated from the U.S., and were primarily adapted cultivars or breeding lines. The most-resistant cultigens, for which multiple-year data were available, were Gy 4, `Clinton', PI 234517, `Poinsett 76', Gy 5, `Addis', M 21, M 27, and `Galaxy'. The most-susceptible cultigens for which multiple year data were available, were PI 288995, PI 176952, PI 178886, and PI 211985. We classified 17 cultigens as highly resistant (1.3 to 3.0), 87 as moderately resistant (3.3 to 5.0), 311 as moderately susceptible (5.3 to 7.0), and 248 as highly susceptible (7.3 to 9.0) for the 663 cultigens with multiple-year data. No plant introduction accessions were found to be more resistant than the most-resistant elite cultivars and breeding lines tested.

scholarly journals (406) A Comprehensive Echinacea Germplasm Collection Located at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, Iowa

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063A-1063
Author(s):  
Joe-Ann McCoy ◽  
Mark Widrlechner ◽  
Jeff Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
North Central ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
North Central Regional ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Propagation Methods

Echinacea is becoming a well-established, high-value crop, both as an ornamental and a dietary supplement. A comprehensive collection of Echinacea germplasm is conserved by the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS) in Ames, Iowa, and is available via seed distribution for research and educational purposes (ars-grin.gov/npgs). Representing all nine species collected throughout their respective North American geographic ranges, the Echinacea collection includes 179 accessions. Extensive morphological characterization data associated with this collection have been compiled and are available to researchers on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database to aid in selection criteria. The collection has been used extensively for various research projects, ranging from ornamental breeding studies to HPLC analyses of metabolites of interest to the phytopharmaceutical industry. This poster will summarize the Echinacea collection conserved at the NCRPIS, including a list of available accessions by species, illustrations of seed, and control-pollinated cage propagation methods; and facilities utilized for seed cleaning, testing, and storage. In addition, instructions on how to use the GRIN database to view evaluation data and acquire germplasm will be provided.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fruit Grade Weights Based on Fruit Number and Total Fruit Weight in Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nischit V. Shetty ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
The U.S

In many cases, measurement of cucumber fruit weight in small research plots involves more labor and resources than just counting the number of fruit per plot. Therefore, plant breeders are interested in an efficient method for estimating fruit weight per grade (early, marketable, and cull) based on fruit number and total fruit weight. We evaluated the cucumber germplasm collection of 810 plant introduction accessions (supplied by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Regional Plant Introduction Station at Ames, Iowa) along with seven check cultivars for yield. Correlations were calculated for all pairs of fruit number and fruit weight combinations for each grade. In general, the lowest correlations were observed between the fruit weight of each grade (early, marketable, and cull) and total fruit weight or number per plot. High correlations were observed for fruit weight and fruit number within each grade (early, marketable, and cull). An efficient method for estimating fruit weight per hectare of early, marketable, and cull grades is to count total, early, and cull fruit, then measure total fruit weight. Our results showed that the fruit weight of each grade (early, marketable, and cull) was best estimated using the fruit number of that grade (early, marketable, and cull) along with the total fruit weight and total fruit number.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of tropical-adapted onion germplasm assessed by RAPD markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Desterro M dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Maria Esther de N Fonseca ◽  
Anne Gizelle R Buzar ◽  
Valter R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Average Similarity ◽  
Onion Germplasm

Onion is a crop of significant socioeconomic importance to Brazil. Onion germplasm with adaptation to tropical and sub-tropical conditions has played an important role in the development of this crop in the country. In this context, we studied the genetic diversity in a germplasm collection potentially useful for the development of cultivars for tropical and subtropical regions. The genetic variability of 21 accessions/cultivars that have been used as germplasm and/or were developed by onion breeding programs in Brazil was evaluated via RAPD markers. The following accessions were included in the study :'Red Creole', 'Roxa IPA-3', 'Valenciana 14', 'Beta Cristal', 'Diamante', 'Composto IPA-6', 'Aurora', 'Bojuda Rio Grande', 'Alfa Tropical', 'Pêra IPA-4', 'Primavera', 'Belém IPA-9', 'Crioula Alto Vale', 'Conquista', 'Pira-Ouro', 'Vale-Ouro IPA-11', 'Franciscana IPA-10', 'Serrana', 'CNPH 6400', 'Petroline', and 'Baia Periforme'. From the 520 primers used in the initial screening only 38 displayed stable polymorphisms. They produced 624 amplicons, of which 522 (83.7%) were monomorphic and 102 (16.3%) were polymorphic. An average similarity coefficient of 0.72 was calculated among accessions based upon this subgroup of polymorphic amplicons. This allowed the discrimination of this germplasm collection into six groups with only one of them comprising more than one accession. The main group was formed by 16 accessions ('Diamante', 'Composto IPA-6', 'Aurora', 'Bojuda Rio Grande', 'Conquista', 'Pira-Ouro', 'Serrana', 'Vale-Ouro IPA-11', 'Baia Periforme', 'Primavera', 'Franciscana IPA-10', 'Belém IPA-9', 'Crioula Alto Vale', 'Petroline', 'Pêra IPA-4' and 'Alfa Tropical'), for which the genetic origin (with few exceptions) can be traced back to the variety 'Baia Periforme'. The populations 'Red Creole', 'Roxa IPA-3', 'Beta Cristal', 'CNPH 6400', and 'Valenciana 14' comprised a set of five isolated groups, showing genetic divergence among them and in relation to main 'Baia Periforme' group. This germplasm displayed a relatively low genetic diversity, with the predominance of materials originated from the base population 'Baia Periforme'. There are, however, some accessions, which can add genetic diversity to this germplasm and they can be exploited by onion breeding programs aiming to develop cultivars for tropical regions of the world.

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