EFFECT OF BARBAN AND FLAMPROP METHYL WITH SOLUTION NITROGEN ON WHEAT, WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MOYER ◽  
R. D. DRYDEN ◽  
P. N. P. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Hand Weeding

Postemergent sprays of barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m chlorocarbanilate) at the 2-leaf stage of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and flamprop methyl [methyl N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate] at the 3-leaf stage in water or solution nitrogen fertilizer gave moderate to good control of wild oats and significant increases of 21 and 30%, respectively, in yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’). Barban and flamprop methyl had no apparent effect on nitrogen content of wheat grain. When wild oats were controlled with herbicides the decrease in plant competition permitted increased growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.). Solution nitrogen and hand-weeding treatments increased nitrogen in the wheat grain significantly. Large increases in numbers and dry matter yields of wild oats resulted in relatively low crop yields from solution nitrogen, e.g. non-significant with barban and a 9% increase in the flamprop methyl experiment. Either herbicide applied with solution nitrogen produced an initial injury to plant leaves. However, wheat recovered rapidly and there was no indication of reduced growth at harvest. No effect was observed when herbicides were applied separately from solution nitrogen.

EFFECTS OF COMBINED APPLICATIONS OF TRIALLATE OR TRIFLURALIN WITH SOLUTION NITROGEN ON WHEAT, WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MOYER ◽  
R. D. DRYDEN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

Tank mixtures of solution nitrogen, triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropyl-thiocarbamate] and/or trifluralin [α,α,α,-trifluro-2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] were evaluated for the control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and/or green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Neepawa to solution nitrogen applied alone or in combination with triallate and/or trifluralin were evaluated. Good control of wild oats and green foxtail was obtained with a tank mixture of solution nitrogen, trifluralin at 1.38 kg/ha, and triallate at 1.65 kg/ha. Tank mixtures of triallate at 1.65 kg/ha with solution nitrogen controlled wild oats. Trifluralin at 1.38 kg/ha with solution nitrogen controlled wild oats and green foxtail. Control of green foxtail and wild oats resulted in increased wheat yields, higher nitrogen content in wheat grain, and a more efficient use of applied nitrogen fertilizer. The response of wheat to nitrogen was similar when nitrogen was applied in tank mixes with herbicides or with water to hand-weeded plots.

CONTROL OF GREEN FOXTAIL IN CEREALS WITH AC 206,784, ALONE AND IN MIXTURES WITH TRIALLATE FOR WILD OATS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
P. N. P. CHOW ◽  
J. H. HUNTER ◽  
K. J. KIRKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Green Foxtail

Control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) with AC 206,784 (2-chloro-N-isopropyl-2′,3′-acetoxylidide) was evaluated at four locations in western Canada. With soil applications, control was good at Lacombe in 1978 but poor at Lacombe and Regina during 1979. Control was good at Brandon and Scott in 1979. At two locations in 1979, soil surface (PE) applications were less effective for control of green foxtail than preplant-incorporated (PPI) treatments. PPI treatments to a depth of 5 cm were more effective than PPI to 10 cm. Soil applications of AC 206,784 did not control wild oats (Avena fatua L.) or injure wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions but did provide suppression of these species under greenhouse conditions. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tolerance to AC 206,784 was good. Treating the soil zone containing the emerging coleoptiles of green foxtail and wheat caused more injury that treating the root zone. Application of AC 206,784 as a tank-mixture with triallate did not affect its activity on green foxtail or influence triallate activity on wild oats. In field and greenhouse experiments, control of green foxtail with AC 206,784 applied at the two-leaf stage was variable; at the four-leaf stage it was poor.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF STAGES OF CEREAL CROPS OR GRASSY WEEDS AND DAYS FROM SEEDING

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267
Author(s):  
D.A. DEW
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Stage Development

Rate of leaf development was studied on three spring cereals and two grassy weeds for 4 yr. Plots were seeded on two dates in each of 3 yr and on only one in the fourth year. Leaf stage development was determined three times a week from emergence to flag leaf stage. The time to advance from one leaf stage to the next was found to be: 6.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.8 and 5.7 days, respectively, for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), wild oats (Avena fatua L.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). Time from seeding to emergence was found to be reasonably consistent within species and an estimate is given for the number of days from seeding when the spring cereals can be expected to reach a given leaf stage.

HOE 23408, A NEW SELECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. FRIESEN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

A series of field, growth chamber, and laboratory experiments showed that HOE 23408 [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy propionic acid methyl ester] as a post-emergence herbicide provided selective control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Seteria viridis L. Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) equal to or better than barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) over a growth period extending from the 2- to 5-leaf stages in both weed species. Wheat was highly tolerant to HOE 23408 at all growth stages, while with barley there was some leaf mottling and suppression of both shoot and root development. The 6-row cultivars Gait, Bonanza and Conquest largely recovered from the effects, but the 2-row cultivar Betzes suffered significant yield reduction. HOE 23408 moved mainly in an acropetal direction when applied to different parts of the wild oats plant. Application made on or below the meristematic area of the stem apex caused necrosis and eventual death of the entire plant. Phytotoxicity following soil application was markedly less than with foliar application. Indications were that it was also more phytotoxic to the emerging weeds via shoot than via root contact. Although HOE 23408 is relatively insoluble in water, it leached to a limited extent in soils.

DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES FOR GRASSY WEED CONTROL IN RAPESEED

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Five substituted dinitroaniline herbicides applied as preplanting soil incorporation treatments were evaluated in six field experiments in 1971, 1973, and 1974 for controlling green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.), and for tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). In these experiments, A-820 (N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroapiline) had the least activity, while dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) had the greatest activity, and in some tests injured germinating rapeseed, resulting in thinned stands and reduced yield. The activity of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoro-methyl) aniline] and profluralin [N(cyclopropyl-methyl)-α,α,α-trifluro-2, 6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] was slightly weaker than that of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). All these herbicides gave good control of green foxtail and wild oats. In 1971, due to low populations of green foxtail, good weed control did not give rapeseed yield increases. In 1973, under normal climatic conditions, rapeseed yields were increased significantly when the application of dinitramine, fluchloralin, profluralin, and trifluralin controlled green foxtail and wild oats successfully. In 1974, under drought conditions, good weed control from four dinitroanilines and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] was not reflected in significant yield increases although profluralin gave a significant yield increase in one test. Disc soil incorporation (7.5–10 cm deep) of dinitramine and trifluralin gave slightly better weed control and higher, though not significant, yield increases than harrow soil incorporation (2.5–5 cm deep).

INFLUENCE OF STAGE OF APPLICATION OF GLYPHOSATE AND PARAQUAT WITH AND WITHOUT TWEEN 20 ON THE CONTROL OF ANNUAL GRASS SPECIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sorbitan Monolaurate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats

Experiments were conducted in the field at Lacombe in 1980 and 1981 to determine the influence of leaf stage at application (one to six-leaf) on the effectiveness of glyphosate at 0.21 kg/ha and paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha with or without Tween 20 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween is a trademark of ICI Amercas Inc.) for control of three annual grass species. Visual estimates of percent control were taken 3 wk after the last herbicide application. Curvilinear regression analysis of the data using linear plus quadratic effects produced a significant fit (P < 0.01) for determining percent control for a given leaf stage. Ninety percent control was selected as the minimum acceptable level, and the most restrictive leaf stage of application ranges to achieve this level of control over both years were determined. For glyphosate the ranges were 1 to >6-leaf for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 3 to >6-leaf for wild oats (Avena fatua L.). For glyphosate plus Tween 20, the ranges were 1 to >6-leaf for barley and wheat and 2 to >6-leaf for wild oats. For paraquat, the leaf stage ranges were 2 to 4.5-leaf for barley and wheat, and 2 to 5-leaf for oats (Avena sativa L.). For paraquat plus Tween 20, the ranges for barley, wheat and oats were 2- to 5-leaf, 2- to 4.5-leaf and 1.5- to 4.5-leaf, respectively. The data are presented so that any acceptable level of control may be selected, confidence bands [Formula: see text] may be included and the leaf stage range to obtain the selected level of control may be determined.Key words: Glyphosate, paraquat, surfactant, leaf stage, zero tillage

PROPANIL FOR CONTROL OF GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES H. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Excellent Control

In a series of field and greenhouse experiments, propanil (3′, 4′-dichloropropionalide) as a postemergent herbicide provided excellent control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Although some initial chlorosis occurred, wheat and barley recovered quickly and were considered tolerant to propanil at up to 1 kg/ha applied over a growth period extending from the 2- to 8-leaf stages of the green foxtail. Propanil at rates greater than 1 kg/ha resulted in considerable chlorosis and leaf tip burn, and although grain yields were not reduced, crop tolerance was visually assessed as unsatisfactory. Control of green foxtail was satisfactory with 1 kg/ha at the 2- to 4-leaf stages but not at later stages. Control was significantly better when the spray pressure at application was 310 kPa compared to 207 kPa. Analysis indicated that at the 2 and 4 kg/ha rate of propanil the residues in wheat and barley disappeared very quickly. At harvest, wheat grain contained 0.09 ppm of propanil.

Selectivity and Site of Action in Relation to Field Performance of Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

In the greenhouse, the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-diclorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} as a postemergence application at 1.1 kg/ha ai did not affect the growth of the seven dicotyledonous crops with the exception of slight injury to yellow [white] mustard(Brassica hirtaMoench). Of the 13 gramineous species, corn(Zea maysL.), green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], oats(Avena sativaL.) wild oats(Avena fatuaL.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and timothy(Phleum pratenseL.) were rated highly susceptible, while barley(Hordeum vulgareL.), bromegrass [smooth brome](Bromus inermisLeyss.), durum wheat(Triticum durumDesf.), intermediate wheatgrass [Agropyron intermedium(Host) Beauv.], Russian wild ryegrass(Elymus junceusFisch.), triticale(X TriticosecaleWittmack), and wheat(Triticum aestivumL.) were relatively tolerant. Residue of diclofop in the soil partially controlled green foxtail which was seeded 3 weeks after herbicide application. Whether applied to wild oat shoots or roots, diclofop affected the entire plant, but growth reduction was great when applied to the shoots. Field results confirmed that foliar application gave the best weed control resulting in larger wheat yield increases. Wild oat control was greatly enhanced when an adjuvant was added to diclofop. This enhanced herbicidal activity appeared to have no effect on tolerance of barley at 0.8 kg/ha nor wheat at 1.1 kg/ha. Increasing the temperature from 12 to 28 C decreased wild oat control from diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha. In the field, diclofop at rates ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 kg/ha gave good control of wild oats and green foxtail resulting in significantly increased wheat yield compared to the checks. However, barley yield increases were obtained only at the rates from 0.8 to 1.1 kg/ha, indicating that at the higher rates barley was less tolerant than wheat. The 0.6 kg/ha rate with an adjuvant gave adequate weed control and significant barley yield increases over the checks, when evaluated on five barley cultivars.

BENAZOLIN FOR SELECTIVE WEED CONTROL IN WHEAT AND OILSEED CROPS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. MOLBERG ◽  
M. A. ASHRAFF
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Growing Conditions

In field tests conducted between 1963 and 1969, wheat, Triticum aestivum L., flax, Linum usitatissimum L., Argentine rape, B. assica napus L., and Polish rape, B. campestris L., were tolerant to benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzothiazolineacetic acid). Wild mustard, Sinapia arvensis L., and redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L., were controlled. Control of other weeds encountered in these tests was usually unsatisfactory. There was sufficient difference in tolerance of wild mustard and both species of rape to make selective control possible. In years when growing conditions were favorable, benazolin gave good control of wild mustard in rape at 0.56 kg/ha. When crop stands were poor due to dry, unfavorable weather a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was required. This sometimes caused light but visible injury to the rape, although crop yields were not significantly reduced. The selective properties of benazolin may make it possible to grow rape on land infested with wild mustard.

DELAYED SEEDING FOR WILD OAT CONTROL IN RAPESEED IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. DARWENT ◽  
J. H. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats

In a 4-yr study, rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) was seeded where wild oats (Avena fatua L.) had been controlled either by various delayed seeding procedures or by an early spring application of trifluralin at 1.1 kg a.i./ha. The trifluralin treatment provided the best wild oat control. However, allowing wild oats to grow to the two-leaf stage, destroying them with cultivation and then seeding rapeseed resulted in commercially acceptable control (70% or more) with little or no loss of crop yield. Postponing cultivation until the wild oats reached the three- to four-leaf stage provided control that was almost equivalent to that attained with cultivation at the two-leaf stage but resulted in reduced crop yields. Destruction of wild oat seedlings at the two-leaf stage by paraquat or glyphosate did not improve the level of control over that provided by cultivation.Key words: Oat (wild), delayed seeding, rapeseed, trifluralin

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document