DIAPAUSE AND COLD HARDINESS IN MICROPLITIS PLUTELLAE, A PARASITE OF THE LARVAE OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. PUTNAM
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

Microplitis plutellae, one of the principal parasites of the larvae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, has a diapause in a portion of each of its several annual generations, occurring in the cocooned pupae or prepupae. In experiments, development resumed and adults emerged from most insect material in diapause after exposure to 0 °C for a period equal to the duration of a Saskatchewan winter, about 160 days. Of diapausing insects that did not respond to such a period of cold treatment, some did so after subjection to a further period of low temperatures of a similar duration. Diapausing M. plutellae were shown to tolerate sub-freezing temperatures in the laboratory and to survive Saskatchewan winter temperatures under snow cover in the field. There is no evidence that the other major parasite of diamondback larvae, Diadegma insularis, enters diapause or winters in Saskatchewan.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera; Yponomeutidae), to insecticide sprays on cabbage

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Arístides M. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Three field trials with cabbage var. Market Prize were established at the Isabela Substation, AES-UPR, to evaluate the susceptibility of Plutella xylostella to various insecticides. Dosages recommended by the manufacturer were used for the first two applications in the first trial, and some double dosages were included in an attempt to get at least a 90% control of the larvae population. For the other two trials, recommended dosages and the effective higher dosages from the first trial were compared. Significant differences were obtained with methamidophos (2.34 L/ha), permethrin (0.234 and 0.468 l/ha), and fenvalerate (0.35 L/ha) for controlling the larvae. Control figures for those four treatments were 97.8, 100, 100, and 99.9%, respectively. Methamidophos, acephate, and naled controlled over 90% of the larvae only with double the recommended rates. Chlorpyrifos at 1.17 L/ha was ineffective, but at its higher rate controlled 80 to 90% of the larvae. Diazinon, methomyl, dimethoate, and endosulfan even at their highest rates were ineffective for controlling the larvae. The number of larvae increased after each application of these insecticides. The greatest numbers of marketable heads were obtained from plots treated with permethrin, fenvalerate, and methamidophos at the highest rate for each.

COLD-HARDINESS IN THE EGGS OF THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Air Space ◽  
The One

AbstractEggs of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, were exposed to temperatures of 0°, −5°, −10°, −15°, and −20°C for 1–8 wk and for 200 days in the laboratory. At −5° and −10°C, there was no death attributable to the cold treatment. At −20°C, the cold treatment caused approximately 15% mortality in the 6- to 8-wk samples and 100% mortality in the 200-day samples. At 0° and −15°C, mortality in the 200-day samples was 39% and 23%, respectively. The data indicate that the embryos of E. americana are able to withstand cold temperatures for long periods and that the optimum temperature range for hibernation (between 0°C and −15°C) is similar to the one this beetle normally experiences in the subnivean air space once the hiemal threshold is established. For Canada, an evaluation of the snow cover and atmospheric air temperature data suggested that egg mortality due to exposure to temperatures of −20°C or lower in the subnivean air space should not occur in the various parts of the red turnip beetle’s range, except possibly the grassland region of the Prairie climatic zone.

Pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from Togo and Benin

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Agboyi ◽  
G. K. Ketoh ◽  
T. Martin ◽  
I. A. Glitho ◽  
M. Tamò
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pesticide Resistance ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

AbstractThe diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) is the major insect pest of cabbage crops in Togo and Benin. For control, farmers very often resort to spraying chemical insecticides at high dosages with frequent applications. Bioassays were carried out on three populations ofP. xylostella, two from Togo (Kara and Dapaong) and one from Benin (Cotonou), to assess their level of susceptibility to currently used insecticides. A reference strain ofP. xylostellafrom Matuu in Kenya was used as a control. In the laboratory, three insecticide representatives of different chemical families (deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad) were assayed against third instar larvae ofP. xylostella. Results revealed thatP. xylostellapopulations from Dapaong, Kara and Cotonou were more resistant to deltamethrin (13 to 59-fold at LC50level, 149 to 1772-fold at LC90level) and chlorpyrifos ethyl (5 to 15-fold at LC50level, 9 to 885-fold at LC90level) than the reference strain. Spinosad was more toxic toP. xylostellapopulations than the other insecticides with LC50and LC90values less than 1 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml, respectively. However, the population from Cotonou appeared significantly more resistant to spinosad compared to the reference strain. These results are discussed in the light of developing an integrated pest management strategy for reducing the selection pressure of spinosad.

FALL BROCCOLI PESTS AND THEIR PARASITES IN VIRGINIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loke-Tuck Kok ◽  
Thomas J. McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cotesia Marginiventris ◽  
South Central

The major pests of fall broccoli in south-central Virginia between 1985/87 were Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), Hellula rogatalis (Hulst), Plutella xylostella (L.), and Heliothis zea (Boddie); minor pests included Pieris rapae (L.), Evergestis rimosalis (Gueneé), Spodoptera ornithogalli (Gueneé), Pieris protodice Boisduval and LaConte and Plathypena scabra F. Seven species of parasites were recovered, the most abundant being Diadegma insularis (Cresson) which parasitized up to 37% of the diamondback moth larvae and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) which parasitized up to 20% of the corn earworms. The other parasites were found in very low numbers.

To Acclimate or Not to Acclimate? Simultaneous Positive and Negative Effects of Acclimation on Susceptibility of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) to Low Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2441-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos G Athanassiou ◽  
Frank H Arthur ◽  
Nickolas G Kavallieratos ◽  
Kris L Hartzer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Laboratory tests on acclimated and nonacclimated life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (adults, pupae, larvae, and eggs) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) (adults, larvae, and eggs) were conducted at 0, –5, –10, and –15°C to evaluate effects of acclimation on susceptibility to cold treatment. Acclimation of all tested life stages for 7 d at 15°C affected susceptibility of both species to the cold temperatures. After 1 d exposures for ≥2 h, acclimated adults had a noticeable increase in cold tolerance compared with nonacclimated adults for both tested species. Nonacclimated pupae of T. confusum were equally susceptible to cold compared with acclimated pupae at short exposures to low temperatures. Exposure of nonacclimated life stages of T. confusum, at –10°C for 1 d gave 0% survival. Similarly, almost all (99.6%) nonacclimated individuals of O. surinamensis died at –10°C. At 0°C, nonacclimated larvae were more cold tolerant than acclimated larvae, but this trend was reversed when larvae were exposed to –5°C. Mixed results were obtained for larvae of O. surinamensis because in some of the combinations tested, nonacclimated larvae were more tolerant, even at temperatures that were lower than 0°C. In contrast to O. surinamensis, eggs of T. confusum that had not been exposed to cold were not affected by acclimation, while exposure to cold showed increased cold hardiness in acclimated eggs. Results show that individual stored-product insect species may have mixed susceptibility to cold temperatures, which must be taken into account when using cold treatment as a management strategy.

LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES AND THE POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EGG PARASITE ANASTATUS DISPARIS (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE) IN ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE GYPSY MOTH

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
K. J. Griffiths ◽  
D. R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Mature Larva ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Diapause

AbstractThe overwintering mature larva of the parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka within the intact gypsy moth, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., egg chorion is susceptible to freezing and has a mean supercooling point of −28.8±0.14°C. This level of cold hardiness is not increased by exposure to sublethal low temperatures. Over 85% of larvae survived 10 months at 0°C and 4 days at −12° or −18°C, both followed by an additional 2–3 months at 0°C, but over half of the survivors went into prolonged diapause which was not fulfilled by subsequent rearing at room temperature. The parasite is apparently capable of surviving winter conditions over the same geographic area in Canada as the gypsy moth, and the introduction of A. disparts into locations in Canada where gypsy moth is now present is recommended.

Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Robson Thomaz Thuler ◽  
Fernando Henrique Iost Filho ◽  
Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Sergio Antônio De Bortoli
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Kluyvera Ascorbata ◽  
And Behavior

Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.

Mutation of P‐element somatic inhibitor induces male sterility in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Xi’en Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Honglun Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
P Element
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