BIOASSAY TO SCREEN TOMATO SEEDLINGS FOR TOLERANCE TO METRIBUZIN

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. SOUZA MACHADO ◽  
I. L. NONNECKE ◽  
S. C. PHATAK
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Half Strength

Studies were carried out to develop a nutrient culture technique to select tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes for tolerance to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)-one], The bioassay consisted of growing tomato seedlings from seed in styrofoam cups modified with cheesecloth bases. The cups were floated on half-strength Hoagland’s solution with metribuzin and placed in controlled environment cabinets maintained at 25 °C, with a light intensity of 24.2 klx for 14 h/day and 80% RH. The nutrient–herbicide solution was changed every 5 days, Metribuzin at 0.25 ppm was the optimum concentration for selection between tolerant and susceptible cultivars, under the environmental conditions described. The seedlings were harvested 15 days after sowing and scored for phytotoxic symptoms; seedling height to the terminal bud was measured. It was possible to screen a large number of seedlings in a confined space, using this technique. Significant differences were noted between tolerant Fireball and Vision cultivars and susceptible Heinz 1706 and Trimson cultivars.

The tillering pattern in barley varieties: II. The effect of temperature, light intensity and daylength on the frequency of occurrence of the coleoptile node and second tillers in barley

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYControlled-environment experiments showed that development of the coleoptile node tiller (T1) was suppressed much more than that of the tiller appearing in the axil of the first true leaf (T2) by high temperature (24/15 °C; 19/10 °C; 10/6 °C), by reduced photoperiod (16 h; 12·5 h) or by low light intensity (1100 ft-c; 1000 ft-c), but minimally in the newest variety, Deba Abed. Unlike previous field experiments, the T1 tiller appeared on more Spratt Archer than Maris Badger plants. Maris Badger plants produced more T1 tillers in a high-low temperature regime (19/10 °C; 10/6 °C) than in continuous low temperature (10/6 °C). In a field experiment T1 tiller number (and yield), but not the number of other major shoots, were severely reduced by late sowing of Spratt Archer, progressively reduced in Maris Badger, but minimally in Deba Abed. This seemed to be associated with higher temperatures at later sowings.

scholarly journals The effects of growth regulators in proliferation of Sorbus redliana 'Burokvölgy'

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ördögh ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
A. Tilly Mándy ◽  
L. Lelik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The Hungarian cultivar Sorbus redliana 'Burokvölgy' was proliferated on Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) medium with half-strength macroelements and 100 mg/1 meso-inositol, 20 g/1 sucrose, 11 g/1 agar-agar. Different combinations of kinetin (KIN), metatopolin (mT), benzyladenine (BA), benzyladenine-ribosid (BAR) and indolebutiric acid (IBA) were tested, and pH was adjusted to 5.6 every case using KOH. The cultures were incubated at 20-24 °C in 8/16 hours dark/light photoperiod for 50-52 days. The main aim of our research was to find the optimal growth regulator and its optimum concentration. Purthermore, to determine the chlorophyll contents of the in vitro propagated plants' leaves. During the proliferation, the highest number of shoots were observed in the case of using BA + IBA, and on the medium containing 0.75 mg/I BA + 0.05 mg/1 IBA 8.93 shoots were found. The addition of KIN + IBA decreased the number of shoots and increased the sizes of leaves — the widest (11.2 mm) and longest (17.8 mm) leaves were obtained on the medium containing 1.00 mg/I KIN + 0.05 mg/1 IBA. The longest shoots (36.46 mm) were found in the case of applying 0.75 mg/1 BAR + 0.05 mg/I IBA. The BA + KIN + IBA combination resulted the shortest shoots. Sometimes not only shoot regeneration but spontaneous rooting was observed during the multiplication. The highest chlorophyll content (1.569 mg/g total chlorophyll, 1.132 mg/g chlorophyll-a, 0.437 mg/g chlorophyll-b) was obtained in the presence of 1.0 mg/I KIN + 0.05 mg/1 IBA.

scholarly journals Peningkatan laju multiplikasi tunas dan keragaan planlet Stevia rebaudiana pada kultur in vitro Increasing shoot multiplication rate and plantlet vigor of Stevia rebaudiana in vitro culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. SUMARYONO ◽  
Masna Maya SINTA
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Planting Materials

AbstractStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a natural zero-calorie sweetener plant grown in a high population density.Tissue culture technique is useful for rapid mass propagationof plants to provide superior planting materials. Experimentswere conducted to increase growth and multiplication ofshoots and vigor of plantlets of stevia. Explants used wereapical and axillary buds from plantlets grown on MS mediumwithout plant growth regulators. Combinations of BA andIAA at different concentrations were used for shoot growthand multiplication, whereas plant growth retardants(ancymidol and paclobutrazol) and light intensity were usedfor plantlet vigor. The results showed that stevia explantscultured on MS medium without plant growth regulatorsproduced the highest shoots (4.5 cm) with two shoots perexplant. The best multiplication rate of shoots were found onMS medium added with 1.13 mg/L BA combined with0.35 mg/L IAA which produced on average 4.5 shoots and11.9 nodes per initial explant. Ancymidol and paclobutrazolconcentrations affected significantly growth and vigor ofstevia plantlets. Increasing the concentration of ancymidoland paclobutrazol decreased plantlet height and biomassfresh weight, but increased stem diameter. Paclobutrazol at0.1 mg/L was the best treatment to increase the vigor ofstevia plantlets. Light intensity at 20 µmol/m 2 /s gave betterplantlet vigor than other light intensities. It can be concludedthat multiplication of stevia shoots should be grown on MSmedium supplemented with 1.13 mg/L BA + 0.35 mg/L IAAand the vigor of the shoots can be increased by culturing onMS medium containing 0.1 mg/L paclobutrazol underfluorescence lamps with 20 µmol/m 2 /s light intensity.AbstrakStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) adalah tanamanpemanis alami nir-kalori yang ditanam dengan kerapatanpopulasi yang sangat tinggi. Teknik kultur jaringan dapatdigunakan untuk perbanyakan tanaman secara massal dancepat untuk menyediakan bahan tanam unggul. Penelitiantelah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan danmultiplikasi tunas dan keragaan planlet stevia. Eksplan yangdigunakan adalah tunas pucuk dan tunas samping dari planletyang ditumbuhkan pada medium MS tanpa zat pengaturtumbuh. Kombinasi BA dan IAA dengan konsentrasi yangberbeda digunakan untuk pertumbuhan dan multiplikasitunas, sedangkan zat penghambat tumbuh (ansimidol danpaklobutrazol) serta intensitas cahaya digunakan untukkeragaan planlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaeksplan stevia yang ditumbuhkan pada medium MS tanpa zatpengatur tumbuh menghasilkan tunas paling tinggi (4,5 cm)dengan dua tunas per eksplan. Multiplikasi tunas terbaikdiperoleh pada medium dengan BA 1,13 mg/L yangdikombinasikan dengan IAA 0,35 mg/L yang menghasilkan4,5 tunas dan 11,9 ruas per eksplan awal. Konsentrasiansimidol dan paklobutrazol berpengaruh nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan keragaan planlet stevia. Meningkatnyakonsentrasi ansimidol dan paklobutrazol menurunkan tinggiplanlet dan bobot basah biomassa, tetapi meningkatkandiameter batang. Paklobutrazol pada konsentrasi 0,1 mg/Lmerupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk meningkatkan keragaanplanlet stevia. Intensitas cahaya pada 20 µmol/m 2 /detikmemberikan keragaan planlet yang lebih baik dibandingkanintensitas cahaya yang lain. Dapat disimpulkan bahwamultiplikasi tunas stevia sebaiknya dilakukan pada mediumMS ditambah BA 1,13 mg/L + IAA 0,35 mg/L dan keragaanplanlet dapat ditingkatkan dengan menanam planlet padamedium MS ditambah paklobutrazol 0,1 mg/L di bawahlampu fluoresen dengan intensitas cahaya 20 µmol/m 2 /detik.

Morphological acclimation to light intensity in Douglas-fir seedlings

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (15) ◽  
pp. 2033-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan P. Drew ◽  
William K. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown outdoors under 9, 44, and 100% light intensity and were sampled periodically over their first growing season for stem, leaf, and root dry weights, and the data were analyzed allometrically. In addition, seedlings were assessed for number of needles per stem length, ratio leaf surface area: leaf dry weight, and maximum seedling dry weight. The experiment was repeated during a 2nd, warmer, year.Maximum growth occurred under partial shade and moderate temperatures. In the 1st year, seedlings allocated progressively more dry matter to shoot than to root growth as light intensity decreased. In the 2nd year, root growth was favored at the expense of shoot growth. In both years, shoot structural alterations were such as to favor enhanced photosynthesis under low light. Acclimative changes are explained in terms of an interaction between light, temperature, and seedling size.A second experiment showed that seedlings grown under low light set a terminal bud sooner in the fall and broke bud sooner the next spring than seedlings preconditioned to high light. They also suffered more spring frost damage and showed greater incidence of lammas growth in the 2nd year. No effect of 1st-year preconditioning on timing of budbreak was evident in the 3rd year.

The tubulogenic effect of aldosterone is attributed to intact binding and intracellular response of the mineralocorticoid receptor

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Minuth ◽  
Lucia Denk ◽  
Kanghong Hu ◽  
Hayo Castrop ◽  
Celso Gomez-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Perfusion Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Soybean Agglutinin ◽  
Aldosterone Antagonists ◽  
Intracellular Response ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Culture Container

AbstractLittle is known about the extra- and intracellular stimuli inducing renal stem/progenitor cells to develop into three-dimensionally structured tubules. To study this specific development in a controlled environment, we used an advanced culture technique. Embryonic tissue derived from neonatal rabbit kidney was placed in a perfusion culture container at the interface of an artificial interstitium made of a polyester fleece. Culture was carried out in chemically defined Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium (IMDM) for 13 days. Development of tubules was histochemically detected on cryosections labeled with Soybean Agglutinin (SBA). The experiments showed that aldosterone exerts a specific tubulogenic effect. Application of aldosterone (1 × 10−7 M) raised numerous SBA-labeled tubules, while in the absence of the steroid hormone the development of tubules was lacking. Specificity of hormone action was analyzed by the use of aldosterone antagonists. Administration of spironolactone (1 × 10−4 M) and canrenoate (1 × 10−5 M) completely inhibited the development of tubules. Finally, disrupting the intracellular molecular complex of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and heat shock proteins by geldanamycin (2 μg/ml) prevented the development of tubules. Our results suggest that the tubulogenic effect induced by aldosterone is attributed to both hormone binding and an undisturbed intracellular response of the MR.

Effect of light intensity during extended photoperiod on growth of amabilis fir, mountain hemlock, and white and Engelmann spruce seedlings

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Minimum Intensity ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Tsugamertensiana (Bong.) Carr., Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, and Piceaengelmannii Parry seedlings were grown in an outdoor container nursery using one high-pressure sodium vapor lamp to provide a 24-h photoperiod. Eight intensities of lighting were arranged, viz., 220, 80, 40, 20, 12, 8, 5, and 0 lx.Extending the photoperiod and increasing the light intensity had a significant positive effect on the length and weight of seedling shoots and delayed terminal bud set. Root growth response to these treatments was negative, although the differences were rarely significant. Seedlings grown under a light intensity of 220 lx were the largest. The minimum intensity required to produce seedling shoot lengths which were significantly larger than the controls was in the range 20–80 lx.

scholarly journals Chlorella Vulgaris Surface-Mount Photobioreactor with Vision-Based Growth Signature Prediction Optimized by Electromagnetism-Like Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Surface Mount ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Industrial waste disrupts the natural production of microalgae cultures. Cultivation of microalgae in a controlled environment highly results to biomass with lower contamination necessary as high-valued economic product. In response to the emerging challenges of sustainable energy production, the integration of computational intelligence and biosystems engineering is considered as an open research area. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae were cultivated in BG-11 growth medium on three customized surface-mount light bioreactors that are equipped with digital camera for growth monitoring in terms of accumulated biomass surface area and color reflectance intensity via IoT. Feature-based machine learning models predicted microalgae growth area in terms of water temperature, pH level and turbidity, and light intensity. Microalgae cultures were exposed to combinations of white artificial light source of 2000 ± 1000 lux and water temperature of 27 ± 5°C using Peltier plate to discriminate biomass growth within a 30-day cultivation period. A total of nine environmental conditions were employed to clearly discriminate the impacts of environmental stressors to microalgae growth. Combined neighborhood component analysis and ReliefF was used to select high impact color features of C, Ye, M, H, and S with biomass area. Electromagnetism-like mechanism optimized-RBNN bested RNN and generalized processing regression with R2 of 0.985 and RMSE of 6.262. There is also considerable growth in biomass surface area for certain combinations of light intensity and water temperature (2125 ± 625 lux and 28.75 ± 3.25°C), and turbidity and water pH concentrations (3.85 ± 0.15 NTU and 8.025 ± 0.775). However, the photobioreactor with 27°C and 2000 lux exposure is considered having the exact optimum controlled environment condition in cultivating Chlorella vulgaris based on the generated growth in biomass surface area of 38.314%. This developed intelligent system is scalable for seamless microalgae production of any strands for renewable energy resource.

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