A NONDESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING SEEDLING VIGOR IN WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. EVANS ◽  
G. M. BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration ◽  
Green Shoot

A nondestructive method of screening for seedling vigor is described. The technique involves the measurement of green shoot weight and the subsequent regeneration of the plants from transplanted shoots or from the seedling base. The method is quick and can be adapted to breeding programs.

Seed germination and seedling vigor of weevil-damaged acorns of red oak

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Lombardo ◽  
Brian C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Acorn weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are well-known predators of oak acorns in the eastern hardwood forest region of the United States. We examined the germination percentage of seeds, as well as the physical characteristics of seedlings, originating from both weevil-damaged and sound acorns of red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) to determine if weevil depredation impacts seedling vigor. Seeds were grown under greenhouse conditions for a period of 8 weeks. X-ray imaging was used as a nondestructive method for determining seed condition prior to germination. The combined data set showed a reduction in germination percentage from 86% for sound acorns to 26% for those damaged by weevils. Seven seedling metrics were evaluated for differences between seedlings originating from sound and those from weevil-damaged acorns. Of these metrics, the number of leaf flushes, total number of leaves, root collar diameter, shoot length, and dry mass were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Two variables, root length and shoot diameter, were not significantly different. Early allocation of resources to root establishment likely explains these findings. Because of reduced stem height and leaf number, seedlings from weevil-damaged acorns are likely to be less competitive in the forest understory than those from sound acorns.

scholarly journals Buckling of a Pressurized Hemispherical Shell Subjected to a Probing Force

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Marthelot ◽  
Francisco López Jiménez ◽  
Anna Lee ◽  
John W. Hutchinson ◽  
Pedro M. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
Elastic Shells ◽  
Geometric Imperfection ◽  
Hemispherical Shell ◽  
The Stability

We study the buckling of hemispherical elastic shells subjected to the combined effect of pressure loading and a probing force. We perform an experimental investigation using thin shells of nearly uniform thickness that are fabricated with a well-controlled geometric imperfection. By systematically varying the indentation displacement and the geometry of the probe, we study the effect that the probe-induced deflections have on the buckling strength of our spherical shells. The experimental results are then compared to finite element simulations, as well as to recent theoretical predictions from the literature. Inspired by a nondestructive technique that was recently proposed to evaluate the stability of elastic shells, we characterize the nonlinear load-deflection mechanical response of the probe for different values of the pressure loading. We demonstrate that this nondestructive method is a successful local way to assess the stability of spherical shells.

scholarly journals Agronomic and biochemical evaluation of cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisiane Fuhrmann ◽  
Eduardo Alano Vieira ◽  
Josefino de Freitas Fialho ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Juaci Vitoria Malaquias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Sweet Cassava

ABSTRACT: Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.

scholarly journals New Parameters for Seedling Vigor Developed via Phenomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Lim Kim ◽  
Yong Suk Chung ◽  
Hyeonso Ji ◽  
Hongseok Lee ◽  
Inchan Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Growth Differences

Early seedling establishment in rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is measured by primary/secondary tiller, shoot length, biomass, root-related traits, and leaf area index, is an important trait because it helps to compete for light, air, and water for better tolerating various abiotic stresses. Consequently, it can affect the yield. However, there are not many research studies on this subject. Furthermore, previous studies have only measured the target traits once. However, this does not reflect the variation of growth rate during the seedling stage. Thus, two data points, two weeks and four weeks after planting, were used in the current study. As a result, two QTL regions were detected for the growth differences via plant height and green area (reflecting tillering). We expect that these results can be utilized by breeders to evaluate and select vigorous seedlings for their breeding programs.

Density Change of an Oxidized Nuclear Graphite by Acoustic Microscopy and Image Processing

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Hwan Chi ◽  
Cristian I. Contescu ◽  
Timothy D. Burchell
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Graphite Sample ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Nuclear Graphite ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The strong correlation between the density and the physical and mechanical properties of graphite suggests that the method of nondestructive density evaluation could be developed into a characterization technique of great value for the overall improvement of the safety of graphite moderator reactors. In this study, the oxidation-induced density changes in nuclear graphite for very high temperature reactor were determined by a conventional destructive bulk density measurement method (BM) and by a new nondestructive method based on acoustic microscopy and image processing (AM). The results were compared in order to validate the applicability of the latter method. For a direct comparison of the results from both measurements, two specimens were prepared from a cylindrical graphite sample (1 in. diameter and 1 in. height, oxidized to 10% weight loss at 973 K in air for 5 h). The specimens were used for characterization by BM and AM methods, respectively. The results show that, even with a large standard deviation of the AM, the density changing trend from both methods appeared the same. The present observation may be attributed to the fact that AM images reflect characteristic density changes of the graphite sample through the acoustic impedance changes. This study demonstrates the possibility of using AM as a nondestructive technique for the evaluation of density changes in graphite when a database is prepared through a systematic series of experiments.

scholarly journals Cold Tolerance Evaluation in a Diallel among Open-pollinated Sweet Corn Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Revilla ◽  
J.R. Hotchkiss ◽  
W.F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Weight

Many sweet corn hybrids germinate poorly and have low seedling vigor in cold soils. Sources of cold tolerance and an understanding of its inheritance would benefit sweet corn production. Our objective was to determine the genetics of cold tolerance among open-pollinated progenitors of modern sweet corn. Six open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars were used as parents of a diallel. The 15 crosses plus reciprocals, parents, and checks were evaluated in cold chambers. Growing conditions were 14 hours with light at 14 °C, and 10 hours without light at 10 °C. Days to emergence, percent emergence, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were recorded. The experiment was repeated in the greenhouse under warm conditions. Variation for cold tolerance was present among the crosses and cultivars. The variation was primarily due to general combining ability (GCA) effects, with specific combining ability (SCA) effects and reciprocal effects being significant for seedling dry mater. `Howling Mob' had significant favorable GCAs for all cold tolerance traits and resulted in the most cold-tolerant hybrids. `Country Gentleman' and `Stowell's Evergreen' were the slowest emerging parents. Days to emergence under cold conditions was not correlated to days to emergence under warm conditions. The correlations between root weight (cold) and root weight (warm) and shoot weight (cold) and shoot weight (warm) were significant, positive, and relatively large. In this material it appears that seedling vigor under warm conditions could be used to predict seedling size under cold conditions.

scholarly journals A rapid, nondestructive method for vascular network visualization

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Austin Veith ◽  
Aaron B Baker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm

The quantitative analysis of blood vessel networks is an important component in many animal models of disease. We describe a nondestructive technique for blood vessel imaging that visualizes in situ vasculature in harvested tissues. The method allows for further analysis of the same tissues with histology and other methods that can be performed on fixed tissue. Consequently, it can easily be incorporated upstream to analysis methods to augment these with a three-dimensional reconstruction of the vascular network in the tissues to be analyzed. The method combines iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography with a deep learning algorithm to segment vasculature within tissues. The procedure is relatively simple and can provide insight into complex changes in the vascular structure in the tissues.

A portable bolt-loosening detection system with piezoelectric-based nondestructive method and artificial neural networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110086
Author(s):  
Wongi S Na
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Bolt Loosening

In general, the bolted joints that connect and secure components together can be easily spotted in our surroundings. This joining method has been commonly used in various areas of engineering (e.g. aerospace, civil, and mechanical engineering) as it has been proven one of the most effective means to join parts together. Although it has its advantages, the vibration that bolted structures endure during service ultimately causes the bolts to loosen. This can, in turn, have a negative effect on the structure’s safety and may, at worst, cause it to fail. Routine inspections of structures are conducted on a regular basis, with some inspection categories requiring heavy equipment in order to acquire certain data. In addition, monitoring systems can be expensive to install and maintain, especially in large infrastructures. In an effort to rectify this, in this study, a piezoelectric transducer–based nondestructive technique is used in conjunction with the application of a reattachable device to investigate the possibility of creating a low-cost inspection system. The acquired data were processed by means of an artificial neural network technique that showed promising results in terms of mitigating bolt loosening.

scholarly journals In vitro germination to overcome dormancy in seeds of ‘Red Globe’, ‘Italia’ and ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Leal Generoso ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Virginia Silva Carvalho ◽  
Otalício Damásio da Costa Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Niagara Rosada

Abstract Dormancy in grape seeds slows the progress of many breeding programs of the crop, culminating in low uniformity and low germination percentages. Conventional methods used to overcome dormancy are time-consuming. Thus, in vitro seed germination emerges as a promising alternative to ensure the germination of grape seeds. In this study, we examined the in vitro germination and vigor of seedlings originating from seeds of ‘Red Globe’, ‘Italia’ and ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes in growth media supplemented with five concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 1.41, 2.83, 4.24 and 5.66 µmol L-1) for 47 days. The use of GA3 increased seed germination percentage and seedling vigor, in the three varieties. Therefore, for the in vitro germination of seeds of ‘Red Globe’ can be used between 1.41 to 4.24 µmol L-1 of GA3. For ‘Italia’ grapes is indicated 1.41 µmol L-1 from GA3 and for ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape is as between 1.41 to 5.66 µmol L-1 from GA3 can be used.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE, PROTEIN CONTENT AND CULTIVAR ON EARLY SEEDLING VIGOR EM WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. EVANS ◽  
G. M. BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Seedling

Four greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the influence of seed size, protein content and cultivar on seedling vigor of wheat measured as seedling dry weight at 20 days. The simple and partial correlation coefficients among the variables were all positive and significant. No significant interaction occurred between seed size and genotype. The genotypic differences in seedling vigor may lead to its use as a selection criterion in wheat breeding programs.

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