RELATIONS BETWEEN NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN SOYBEANS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIR HATAM ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Nr Activity

An in vivo assay for nitrate reductase (NR) activity was adapted to measure total NR activity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants grown for a 29-day period indoors. Disappearance of nitrate from the nutrient solution, plant nitrate and total plant nitrogen (N) also were measured. Under the conditions of this experiment, nitrate reduction estimated from NR activities agreed closely with actual nitrate reduction. The same assay was used to measure leaf NR activities of field-grown soybeans throughout the 1971 growing season. Leaf NR activities accounted for 77 and 72% of the total N uptake in plants receiving 0 and 280 kg N as NH4NO3/ha, respectively. Measurements of nitrate and ammonium losses from soil under soybeans and under adjacent bare soil at three stages of plant development suggested that in plots receiving no fertilizer N, 86% of N uptake from the soil was in the form of nitrate. The NR activity of field-grown plants agreed well with total plant N derived from soil nitrates. Results indicated that leaf NR activities were proportional to nitrate uptake and might be used to determine amounts and seasonal patterns of nitrate uptake by soybean plants.

Nitrate Reductase Activity During Ontogeny of the Fruit of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Subbaiah ◽  
D Balasimha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Nr Activity

The in vivo nitrate reductase (NR) activity was assayed in the pedicel (apple), the fruit wall (shell) and the ovule (kernel) of cashew at 5-day intervals after fertilization. The pericarp showed high rates of enzyme activity during fresh weight accumulation, but activity remained low in the pedicel during its development. Estimation, using a graphical integration method, of total nitrate reduced by individual parts of the fruit showed that the pericarp contributed the maximum (67.5%) and the pedicel the least (7.8%) to the total nitrate assimilated in the fruit. The rate of NR activity varied with tissue nitrate content in any fruit part but was not related to the pattern of organic nitrogen accumulation except in the case of the ovule. However, NR activity of the true fruit (the nut) was accountable for about 3-4% of the total organic nitrogen present at maturity. Besides its major role in nitrate assimilation, there was evidence that the pericarp exports about 60% of its nitrogen to the seed.

The Determination of Nitrate Reductase Activity of Leaves to the Dominant Species in Forest Community of Northern Aspect of Changbai Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 900-904
Author(s):  
Yu Wen Li ◽  
Yun Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Nr Activity

This paper addresses the application of improvement in vivo of traditional method for determination of nitrate reductase (NR) activity of leaves to dominant tree species in forest community of northern aspect of Changbai Mountains. It describes the NR activity of tree species related to the shade-endurance and shows that the intolerance tree species has higher NR activity. The NR of a species is also related to the ecological situation of the sites. Tree species with higher NR activities should be selected for breeding of fast growing and high yield tree species.

Differential effects of ozone on in vivo nitrate reduction in soybean cultivars. I. Response to exogenous sugars

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1540-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Visible Foliar Injury

Two cultivars of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) differing widely in their resistance to ozone were exposed to 0.5 μl/ℓ ozone for 2 h in growth chambers. In vivo nitrate reduction was depressed by more than 50% in the primary leaves of Dare, the ozone-sensitive cultivar, but was not significantly altered in Hood, the ozone-resistant cultivar. Sucrose, up to 1.5% (w/v), added to excised seedlings of the Dare cultivar during exposure to ozone eliminated the ozone depression of in vivo nitrate reductase activity and also reduced foliar injury. Addition of two glycolytic intermediates, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate, to the infiltration medium recovered some in vivo nitrate reduction in treated Dare leaves. The levels of extractable nitrate reductase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the primary leaves of both cultivars were unaltered by ozone fumigations. These observations led to the conclusion that ozone depression of in vivo nitrate reduction is not due to ozone inactivation of nitrate reductase or of the enzymes coupling nitrate reduction to glycolysis, but may be caused by an inadequate supply of photosynthetic sugars. It was also noted that ozone depression of in vivo nitrate reduction only occurred with treatments which subsequently caused the development of visible foliar injury.

scholarly journals Effects of growth retarding compounds on chlorophyll accumulation and nitrate reductase activity in nitrate induced cucumber cotyledons

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Knypl
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Amo 1618 ◽  
Nr Activity

Cotyledons were excised from 5-day old etiolated cucumber seedlings and .grown for 24 or 48 h in solutions of plant growth retardants: AMO-1618,B-Nine, CCC and phosfon D, supplemented with KNO<sub>3</sub> (10<sup>-2</sup>M) in light. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was determined <i>in vivo</i>. CCC and Phosfon D at high concentrations had no effect on nitrate reductase activity in 24 h tests. CCC at 5xl0<sup>-2</sup> M enhanced NR activity in longer 48 h tests; Phosfon D was inhibitory in that case. AMO-1618 markedly decreased NR activity. B-Nine strikingly enhanced NR activity in KNO<sub>3</sub> induced cytoledons; the effect was positively correlated with the concentration of B-Nine. Ali the compounds inhibited chlorophyll synthesis.

In vivo Nitrate Reductase Activity in Leaves of Pearl Millet, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Chanda ◽  
AK Joshi ◽  
PN Krishnan ◽  
YD Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
In Vivo Assay ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Nr Activity

In the in vivo assay of nitrate reductase (NR) in P. americanum leaves, addition of 1% (v/v) Triton X-100, potassium phosphate buffer (80 mM, pH 7.4) and 1.13 mM NADH to the assay medium resulted in maximum activity. With increasing concentration of NADH, saturation-type kinetics were observed. Based on this data metabolic pool concentration for NADH and apparent Km for nitrate reductase were determined. In field studies with cultivars BJ-104, J-104 and 5141-A of P. americanum, the relative limitation of NO3-, NADH and nitrate reductase in NO3- assimilation was determined. NR activity was measured by four modifications of the in vivo assay technique (with NO3-, with NADH, without NO3- and NADH and with both NO3- and NADH additions to the reaction mixture) and with one in vitro technique. For all the cultivars, NADH was the major rate-limiting factor for in vivo assay during early growth stages, while at later stages, NO3- was limiting. At no stage was NR rate-limiting. It is concluded that NR activity alone may not serve as biochemical marker for improved efficiency of utilisation of nitrogen in P. americanum.

scholarly journals Relationship of nitrogen use and nitrate reductase activity by sugarcane cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
C. L. R. Santos ◽  
J. O. Cazetta ◽  
L. M. Saran ◽  
M. F. Moraes ◽  
C. F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Nr Activity

Intrinsic genetic potential of each cultivar of sugarcane may determine the absorption intensity and nitrogen assimilation. It is possible to occur a lower expression of the productive potential by limitations related to low nitrate reductase (NR) activity, since this enzyme is "key" of the N metabolism. The objectives were to compare cultivars of sugarcane as the level of NR activity and its relationship to productive and nutritional variables. The experiment was conducted under condition of a greenhouse, where were grown ten sugarcane cultivars in pots of 4 dm3, filled with sand and vermiculite plus nutrients as indicated for the crop. The variables evaluated were: plant height, NR activity, dry matter (shoot and roots), N content and N accumulation and N uptake and utilization efficiency, moreover, the correlation between the variables was evaluated. The results showed that NR activity varies with the cultivar and further, that NR activity in sugarcane leaves does not correlate with the N uptake efficiency, but is positively correlated with N content and negatively with N utilization efficiency. The NR activity is not a good physiological parameter to discriminate N efficient use sugarcane genotypes

Effects of Glufosinate on Anion Uptake in Lemna gibba G 1

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun D. Trogisch ◽  
Helmut Köcher ◽  
Wolfram R. Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
Proton Cotransport ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

Abstract The duckweed Lemna gibba G 1 was used as a model to study inhibitory sites with the herbicide and glutamate analogue glufosinate (PPT). Growth and chlorophyll formation were partly inhibited by 25 n-M, completely suppressed by 250 (im PPT. Photosynthesis showed partial inhibition within few hours, dark respiration ( 0 2 consumption) increased already within one hour. In the presence of 1 mM PPT in the light, the ammonium pool of Lemna increased to 600% within few hours, later to 1000%. The overall amino acid pool exhibited a slower increase to 300%, the nitrate pool only a slight increase, while total phosphate remained almost unchanged. In the dark all these effects were less pronounced than in the light. Nitrate, nitrite and phosphate uptake were partially inhibited by PPT, especially after 19 h PPT pretreatment. Nitrate reductase activity in vitro, after PPT treatment in vivo, showed an inhibition similar to that of nitrate uptake. Ammonium was not taken up but released under the same conditions. The data are explained by a combined effect of PPT, by inhibition of glutamine synthetase leading to accumulation of ammonium from photorespiration and proteolysis, by membrane depolarization and inhibition of anion/proton cotransport, by secondary uncoupling of phosphorylation, and by secondary inhibition of nitrate reductase activity.

scholarly journals Polyaspartic Acid Improves Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedling Nitrogen Assimilation Mainly by Enhancing Nitrate Reductase Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyan Wang ◽  
Huihui Tang ◽  
Guangyan Li ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
Xuerui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Nr Activity

Improvement of nitrogen use efficiency is of great importance in maize (Zea mays L.) production. In the present study, an eco-friendly growth substance, polyaspartic acid (PASP), was applied to maize seedlings grown with different nitrate (NO3−) doses by foliar spraying, aimed at evaluating its effects on maize nitrogen assimilation at both the physiological and molecular level. The results showed that PASP promoted biomass and nitrogen accumulation in maize seedlings, especially under low NO3− doses. Among different NO3− conditions, the most noticeable increase in plant biomass by PASP addition was observed in seedlings grown with 1 mmol L−1 NO3−, which was a little less than the optimum concentration (2 mmol L−1) for plant growth. Furthermore, the total nitrogen accumulation increased greatly with additions of PASP to plants grown under suboptimal NO3− conditions. The promotion of nitrogen assimilation was mostly due to the increase of nitrate reductase (NR) activities. The NR activities in seedlings grown under low NO3− doses (0.5 and 1.0 mmol L−1) were extremely increased by PASP, while the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) were slightly changed. Moreover, the regulation of PASP on NR activity was most probably due to the promotion of the protein accumulation rather than gene expression. Accumulation of NR protein was similarly affected as NR activity, which was markedly increased by PASP treatment. In conclusion, the present study provides insights into the promotion by PASP of nitrogen assimilation and identifies candidate regulatory enzymatic mechanisms, which warrant further investigation with the use of PASP in promoting nitrogen utilization in crops.

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