EFFECTS OF RAPESEED OIL AS AN ADDITIVE WITH CERTAIN HERBICIDE TREATMENTS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
NORMAN H. WARRINGTON ◽  
WM. G. CORNS
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Triton X

Various herbicides were sprayed alone and with unrefined oil from rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) mainly at 10% concentration in the spray solution. Triton X-363 M non-ionic emulsifier (5% vol/vol) was mixed with the oil before addition to the herbicide solution. Emulsified oil alone was not toxic to the species of crops and weeds examined in growth chamber and field experiments. In the growth chamber and greenhouse, oil added to chloroxuron (3-(p(p-chlorophenoxy) phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea greatly increased its toxicity to green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and to faba beans (Vicia faba L.). In field experiments, action of dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) and TCA (trichloroacetic acid) on green foxtail was not appreciably increased by oil addition. The emulsifier, but not the oil, increased barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) toxicity to wild oats (Avena fatua L.) without injuring barley or rape. Added oil increased the toxicity of benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzothiazoline acetic acid) to cleavers (Galium aparine L.) without significant injury to rape. Oil with niclofen (2, 4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether) lessened its toxicity to Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.). Oil with 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) and MCPA [((4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy) acetic acid] dimethylamines increased control of Tartary buckwheat in wheat and oats, respectively, without crop injury. In the growth chamber, MCPA plus oil was more effective against hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) than MCPA alone.

Wheat Tolerance to TCA for Green Foxtail Control

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. Chow ◽  
R. D. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Seven cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and one hybrid (Triticale hexaploid Lart. ‘Rosner’) were evaluated in seven field experiments and one greenhouse test for tolerance to the postemergence application of the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). The control of green foxtail and broadleaf weeds was also studied. Of the seven cultivars, ‘Pitic 62’ and ‘Stewart’ were most susceptible to injury from TCA. All other cultivars were tolerant to 0.56 kg/ha. ‘Selkirk’ appeared to be most resistant. With ‘Manitou’ 0.56 kg/ha of TCA gave about 50% control of green foxtail. Higher rates permitted increased growth of broadleaf weeds as a result of reduced competition from injured wheat and green foxtail. Control of all weeds was improved by 10 to 30% when TCA was applied with one of the phenoxy herbicides. Satisfactory crop tolerance and good weed control was achieved with 0.56 kg/ha TCA and 0.56 kg/ha of the amine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).

Enhancement of Herbicide Activity with an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Several herbicides were tested in the greenhouse on ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.) to determine the degree of enhancement in activity that could be obtained with an isoparaffinic oil carrier applied at 140 L/ha. The enhancement varied with the herbicide and with the species, ranging from 16-fold enhancement with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) on ivyleaf morningglory to no enhancement of atrazine activity on purple nutsedge and quackgrass or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) activity on quackgrass and ivyleaf morningglory. An oil adjuvant was less effective in enhancing dinoseb and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) activity than was the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Also, the isoparaffinic oil carrier emulsified in water was less effective than the undiluted oil in enhancing dinoseb activity on green foxtail, even though equal volumes of the isoparaffinic oil were applied.

An Oil Carrier for Increasing Purple Nutsedge Control

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) control with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) was increased in greenhouse and growth chamber studies by application of these herbicides in an undiluted isoparaffinic oil carrier rather than water. Two applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg/ha in the oil carrier inhibited tuber and shoot production and reduced the number of viable tubers present, but two applications of linuron at 0.6 or 2.2 kg/ha in the oil inhibited only shoot production from repotted tubers. Studies with labeled 2,4-D showed an increase in both rate and quantity of penetration of this herbicide into purple nutsedge when applied in oil rather than water. Labeled linuron was applied to purple nutsedge and to beans(Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Improved Tendergreen’) and also showed an increase in penetration with the oil rather than water. Translocation out of treated leaves was not increased for either 2,4-D or linuron by application in the oil carrier.

Influence of Picloram Alone or Plus 2,4-D on Control of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) with Four Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashley O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted for 2 yr to determine the influence of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and a commercial mixture of picloram plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] (1:16, w/w) on control of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) with four postemergence herbicides. The phytotoxicity to wild oats of barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) or difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) in 1981 and diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy] propanoic acid} or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] in 1981 and 1982 was reduced when these herbicides were applied in a mixture with picloram plus 2,4-D. Consequently, the use of these mixtures for broad-spectrum weed control in one spray operation is not recommended. Picloram applied at a rate equivalent to the amount present in the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture did not influence the control of wild oats obtained with any herbicide, indicating that the antagonism was due to the 2,4-D component of the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture.

Herbicidal Control of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Five field experiments were conducted to evaluate effectiveness of postemergence herbicidal treatments. Amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole) at 1.1 kg ai/ha and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) at 0.6 kg ai/ha reduced stands of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) for a 4-yr period. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 2.2 kg ai/ha reduced stands of milkweed for two to three growing seasons. Glyphosate or amitrole applied in June (early bud stage) more effectively reduced milkweed stands in the second year than did the herbicides when applied in August (post-flowering stage). Treatments of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) did not reduce stands of common milkweed.

Effect of imazamethabenz on green foxtail, tartary buckwheat and wild oat at different growth stages

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Harker ◽  
P. A. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted at the Lacombe Research Station to determine the influence of growth stage on the control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum (L.) Gaertn.) with imazamethabenz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In greenhouse experiments, the effct of imazamethabenz on canola (Brassica campestris L.) or green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) at two growth stages was also studied. Canola and wild oat were highly susceptible, Tartary buckwheat was somewhat less susceptible, and green foxtail was rather tolerant to imazamethabenz. Imazamethabenz was much more effective on early growth stages of wild oat (2 leaf) and Tartary buckwheat (1–2 leaf), whereas the control of canola and the suppression of green foxtail was much less dependent on growth stage. Linear regression equations were developed to describe the response of the above species to the imazamethabenz treatments. Key words: AC 222, 293; phenology; regression; Setaria viridis; Fagopyrum tartaricum; Avena fatua

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the Auxin/Indoleacetic Acid Gene Family and Response to Indole-3-Acetic Acid Stress in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Xiuxia Zhang ◽  
Ruifeng Tian ◽  
Liwei Zhu ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) family genes respond to the hormone auxin, which have been implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes. In this study, all 25 Aux/IAA family genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by a reiterative database search and manual annotation. Our study provided comprehensive information of Aux/IAA family genes in buckwheat, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. Aux/IAA family genes were nonuniformly distributed in the buckwheat chromosomes and divided into seven groups by phylogenetic analysis. Aux/IAA family genes maintained a certain correlation and a certain species-specificity through evolutionary analysis with Arabidopsis and other grain crops. In addition, all Aux/IAA genes showed a complex response pattern under treatment of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These results provide valuable reference information for dissecting function and molecular mechanism of Aux/IAA family genes in buckwheat.

Tolerance of Cicer Milkvetch (Astragalus cicer) Seedlings to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charley E. Townsend ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Primary Leaf ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Astragalus Cicer ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Tolerance of cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicerL.) seedlings to 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid], 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and phenoxy-diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy] propanoic acid} mixtures was evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse, seedlings in the cotyledonary and primary-leaf stages of growth were more susceptible to 2,4-DB alone and to combinations of 2,4-DB plus diclofop than seedlings in the second- through the fifth-leaf stages. All rates of 2,4-D with or without diclofop (1.7 kg ae/ha rate) reduced seedling growth at all stages of development. In the field, 2,4-DB with or without diclofop did not reduce seedling growth. Seedling growth was suppressed by 2,4-D alone at rates of 1.02 and 1.36 kg ae/ha throughout the growing season. All combinations of 2,4-D plus diclofop suppressed seedling growth, but the suppression was particularly apparent at rates of 0.68 kg ae/ha or higher of 2,4-D.

Selectivity of Pyriclor on Witchweed, Tobacco, and Other Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Jim E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Over The Top

Postemergence directed application of 0.56 kg/ha of 2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol (pyriclor) gave control of witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.) equivalent to 2.24 kg/ha of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) without injuring corn (Zea mays L.). Pyriclor applied to the soil surface or incorporated did not significantly injure tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) at rates of 2.24 kg/ha and less. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was not injured by pyriclor incorporated in soil at 0.56 kg/ha; Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was slightly injured. Treatment with 0.56 kg/ha of pyriclor applied in the same manner killed six crop species and four weed species also included in the experiment. In 2 years of field experiments, application of pyriclor at 0.21 and 0.63 kg/ha to soil before transplanting, or these rates applied over the top of tobacco after transplanting, controlled large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.) until maturity of the tobacco, and did not significantly reduce yield or cause permanent injury to the crop.

Canola (Brassica rapa) Plant Density Influences Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Interference, Biomass, and Seed Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
The Impact

Field experiments were conducted at Vegreville, Alberta, in 1990, 1991, and 1992 to investigate the influence of canola plant density and row spacing (1991 and 1992 only) on interference from Tartary buckwheat. Nonlinear regression equations incorporating both canola and Tartary buckwheat density provided good descriptions of the data. Parameter estimates for both weed and crop density were significant (P < 0.05) but did not differ between row spacings. Where no Tartary buckwheat plants were present, canola yield was little affected by canola plant density. At a given Tartary buckwheat density, canola seed yield increased as canola plant density increased, while Tartary buckwheat shoot weight and seed yield decreased. None of the factors significantly affected canola 1000-seed weight, or oil or protein levels in the canola seed. The results suggest that seeding canola to achieve a density of approximately 200 plants m–2will significantly reduce the impact of weeds on canola yield, as well as reduce weed biomass and seed yield.

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